Articles tagged with Immune System
A new study maps the gut microbiome of over 1,300 children under five years old in Ethiopia, revealing a clear link between gut bacteria composition and the duration of diarrhea. The researchers identify beneficial bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, which are lacking in children with chronic diarrhea.
The Wyss Institute's iNodes team has been awarded an ARPA-H Sprint for Women's Health to develop implantable immune organs for treating ovarian cancer. The iNodes concept is based on the formation of lymphoid organs in tumors, which can be reprogrammed to attack cancer cells and retain a long-term immune memory.
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a unique antibody that targets and delivers a drug package while activating the immune system. This '3-in-1 design' method has shown promise in treating several types of cancer by amplifying T cell effect on cancer tumors.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic have made significant progress in their novel vaccine aimed at preventing triple-negative breast cancer. The study found that the investigational vaccine was generally well-tolerated and produced an immune response in most patients, with the highest tolerated dose to date identified.
A longitudinal study found that bacteria associated with inflammation in the gut increases ten months before patients develop clinical rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers are exploring potential treatments at this early stage to prevent disease progression.
A new mechanism has been found by which tumor cells escape the immune system, involving a protein called IRGQ. Studies have shown that suppressing IRGQ can trigger a stronger immune response against cancer cells, leading to improved survival rates in liver cancer patients.
A team of researchers, including Binghamton University's Ahyeon Koh, is working on an innovative project to treat inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. The goal is to create a 'cell factory' in the body that can produce pharmaceuticals to alleviate symptoms.
Swallow populations infected with parasites exhibit altered movement patterns, including reduced home ranges and foraging activity. This can lead to decreased foraging success and increased mortality rates.
A new study suggests that a keto diet rich in ketone bodies may help alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. The diet promotes the production of indole lactic acid, which blocks the activation of immune cells responsible for these conditions.
Researchers from Texas A&M University synthesized research findings to improve medical devices and therapy success rates. The review emphasizes the need to understand macrophage cell behavior to develop targeted immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers tracked the long-term dynamics of transplanted stem cells in patients' bodies up to three decades post-transplant. They found that younger donors produce more vital stem cells, while older donors experience reduced immunity and higher relapse risk. The study provides new insights into donor selection and transplant success.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have discovered a new cancer mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking tumors. The discovery was made by reversing this mechanism, which stimulates the immune system to fight cancer cells, including those resistant to prevailing forms of immunotherapy.
A new study by University of Texas at Arlington researchers found that living with symbiotic algae weakens the immune system of jellyfish, making them more vulnerable to infections. This finding has important implications for coral reef conservation and human disease prevention.
Researchers at Terasaki Institute have developed simvastatin-loaded nanoparticles to target adipose tissue inflammation, promoting fat tissue browning and weight loss. The treatment effectively inhibits obesity-related inflammation, controlled white fat production, and demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects.
Immunotherapy holds promise for treating breast cancer, but its effectiveness varies. Researchers Karin de Visser, Sandra Demaria, and María Casanova-Acebes discuss advances and challenges in applying immunotherapy to this common tumor. They highlight the importance of factors like diet, biorhythms, and personalized approaches to impro...
Implementing a preoperative nutrition program leads to significant reductions in hospitalization days and postoperative complications, resulting in cost savings of $7.8 million annually. The program's financial implications include reduced 'outlier days' and long-term complication rates, contributing to overall cost savings.
A new study reveals that mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections can trigger immune responses in pregnant individuals, causing serious inflammatory responses in the developing fetus. The study also found that even without full infection, a pregnant individual's immunological response to infection may impact the fetus.
Researchers investigate how liver necroptosis triggers inflammation in both organs, leading to cognitive impairment. Studying aging mouse models, they found that liver necroptosis causes systemic inflammation affecting brain function.
Scientists create a model of the human immune system in mice by transplanting cord blood cells, achieving balanced and functional immune cell populations. The new method shows lower rates of graft-versus-host disease and improved survival rates against transplanted cancer cells.
A new study found distinct changes in children with severe cases of RSV, including elevated NK cells in the airways and altered immunological function. This research may help identify new targets for future treatments.
A new study published in PNAS suggests that delivering microparticles containing CCL2 directly to the gums can inhibit bone loss and speed up bone repair in a mouse model of periodontal disease. The therapy modulates the immune response, shifting macrophages from inflammatory M1 type to anti-inflammatory M2 type.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified ZNF750 as a key player in controlling inflammation, shedding light on susceptibility to inflammatory skin diseases. The study paves the way for more effective therapies and broader insights into molecular biology of skin cells.
A new trial suggests that adding immunotherapy to chemoradiation can extend survival in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer. However, the findings also indicate that delivering the treatments at different times yields varying results, with concurrent treatment not offering improved survival benefits.
A team of researchers at UMC Utrecht has identified 29 novel antibodies against the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important cause of drug-resistant infections. The antibodies were found to interact with antigens on the bacterial surface and some act synergistically to neutralize the pathogen.
New research suggests that exposure to vape and e-cigarette residue on surfaces during pregnancy can cause immune system damage in unborn babies. The study found that maternal third-hand exposure to e-vapour results in significant, long-lasting effects on lung and bone marrow immune cell responses.
Researchers found that a specific crosslinking mode in the peptidoglycan cell wall inhibits certain cell wall degrading enzymes, protecting bacteria from internal and external damage. This discovery may lead to new treatments for developing antibacterial therapies.
Researchers found that fruit bats generate a more diverse antibody response than mice but have a weaker overall response. However, bats fed a fruit-only diet had a stronger antibody response compared to those on a protein-supplemented diet.
A new study published in Frontiers in Immunology reveals that certain food proteins like milk and meat can help keep gut tumors from growing by triggering the intestinal immune system. This discovery has potential clinical implications for patients with gastrointestinal conditions.
Researchers developed a synthetic mucin gel inspired by cow slime to create a protective barrier around discs, preventing immune system attacks. This innovative approach may improve patient outcomes and reduce long-term complications after disc herniation surgery.
Researchers discovered that disrupting plant microbiomes can compromise a plant's immune system, leading to autoimmunity. Prebiotics could potentially support or reset the microbiome to maintain balance, reducing losses in food crops.
Researchers discovered a key molecule, PAF, that controls the destiny of immune cells and turns them against cancer. The study highlights the importance of targeting PAF to develop new therapies for various types of cancer.
Researchers at Boston University discovered a new method to harness self-amplifying RNA to create more effective vaccines. The modified saRNA vaccine protected mice from severe COVID-19 disease with a lower dose than current mRNA vaccines. Longer duration of protein expression and reduced inflammation were also observed.
A University of Leicester study has found that certain gut bacteria may influence whether a patient's immune system is successful in fighting mesothelioma, an aggressive form of cancer. Researchers suggest that dietary changes, such as increased fibre intake, could improve the benefits of immunotherapy for these patients.
A Mayo Clinic study found that people with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) have a 92% elevated risk of developing melanoma. MBL is a precursor to chronic lymphocytic leukemia and also increases the risk of cancers originating in the lymphatic system and serious infections.
A study by researchers from Brazil and Germany found that a surface protein on Aspergillus fumigatus spores suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory substances by immune cells, making it easier for the fungus to infect the body. The enzyme glycosylasparaginase plays a crucial role in this process.
Researchers found a subset of macrophage cells close to breast cancer cells, which may provide a new biological target for immunotherapies. This discovery could lead to the development of biologic therapies to change the organization of neighborhoods around cancer cells.
A new automated scoring system using deep learning and pyramid sampling analyzes morphological features at various spatial scales to enhance the accuracy of HER2 assessment. The system achieved a classification accuracy of 84.70% in blind testing, comparable to experienced pathologists.
Researchers have developed a novel nanoparticle drug-delivery system to activate an immune pathway in combination with tumor-targeting agents, showing promising results in treating pancreatic cancer. Eight out of nine mice tested experienced tumor improvements, including two complete responses.
Researchers have developed a novel, more selective inhibitor of the human immunoproteasome using a bacterially derived natural product. The new compound targets autoimmune diseases without disrupting other cellular mechanisms.
Two proteins, viperins and argonautes, play important roles in human immunity, originating from Asgard archaea. These defense systems have been passed down for billions of years, providing a crucial line of defense against viruses.
A new study by Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that probiotics can improve the immune system and behavior of both mothers and their offspring during pregnancy. Probiotics may also help counteract negative effects of prenatal stress, such as changes in brain inflammation and amino acid metabolism.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara discovered that macrophages can be programmed to respond to light, triggering an increase in their appetite and improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. The findings offer a new way to enhance trained immunity, a type of memory exhibited in the innate immune system.
Researchers developed a drug that enhances killer T cells' fighting power while reducing the toxicity of unmodified IL-2 treatments, overcoming inhibitory Tr1 cells and increasing immunotherapy's effectiveness. The study aims to personalize cancer immunotherapy for more patients.
A Spanish research study has described the composition of the immune system in blood samples from patients with multiple myeloma and found that altered immune cells influence vaccine efficacy. The study reveals a more severe immune suppression in patients with multiple myeloma compared to those with other tumors.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute discovered that mast cells can trap and recycle neutrophils, which are normally frontline defenders against infections. This unexpected interaction reveals a new layer to our understanding of allergic reactions and inflammation.
Scientists found islands of highly potent immune cells in the bone marrow close to glioblastoma tumors, which play a central role in defending against cancer. This discovery may lead to innovative therapies and could improve patients' chances of survival.
The risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) decreases in girls after age 10, while the risk in boys remains stable. Males with a single autoantibody have a significantly higher risk of T1D than their female counterparts.
A new study reveals that about two percent of the population develop autoantibodies against type 1 interferons, making them more susceptible to severe viral infections. The autoantibodies remain detectable in the blood for life and are associated with a compromised type 1 interferon system.
A study comprehensively evaluated occurrence patterns of immune-related adverse events, including those affecting single organs and multiple organs. Researchers found that most events tend to co-occur and identified seven patient clusters with different development patterns, which were associated with improved or worsened survival outc...
A German team has developed a photostimulated antigen release system that can be used to precisely study antigen flux in living cells. This method allows for the analysis of complex antigen processing and transport processes in real-time, providing new insights into immune surveillance.
A new study found that low energy availability among female athletes impairs performance by up to 18% in short-term tests and increases systemic stress, compromising immune function. Athletes who restrict their food intake experience muscle loss and decreased physical performance.
Researchers identified two distinct T-cell signatures in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and those at risk of developing the disease. These signatures may serve as potential biomarkers and targets for preventive immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers have discovered how Haemophilus influenzae turns off the body's immune responses to persist in respiratory tissues. The bacterium convinces the immune system there is no threat, inducing a state of tolerance, and can worsen symptoms in vulnerable groups like cystic fibrosis patients and asthma sufferers.
Researchers found that the frequency of activated TREG cells remained elevated during treatment and continued to be high even after the virus was eliminated. Inflammatory features, such as increased TNF signaling, were sustained in TREG cells, indicating long-term immune system changes induced by the chronic infection.
Researchers have found that blocking Interleukin-6 (IL-6) from binding to neurons in the area postrema prevents cachexia in mice. This breakthrough discovery could lead to the development of new drugs targeting these neurons, potentially treating cancer cachexia and improving patients' quality of life.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have made a breakthrough in understanding how to improve vaccine responses against the potentially deadly MRSA bacterium. By targeting the immune-suppressive molecule IL-10, they improved the ability of vaccines to protect against infection and reduce bacterial clearance.
Researchers have discovered several rare types of helper T cells associated with immune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that genetic variants in bidirectional enhancer DNA are linked to specific immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease.
A new Finnish study from University of Turku shows that already a 30-minute exercise can increase the proportion of tumor-killing white blood cells in the bloodstream of breast cancer patients. The amount of several different white blood cell types increased during exercise, with cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells rising the most.
Scientists have developed a new immunotherapy that can identify and fight cancer cells in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment involves stimulating the immune system's T cells against specific elements of the virus involved in cancer formation.
Researchers describe a new concept for an immune response against cancer and aging using senescent cell-derived vaccines. The vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system against cancer cells and slow down or reverse aging-related diseases.