Articles tagged with Transcription Start Sites
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered 47,350 active putative enhancers associated with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders. These enhancers were found to regulate gene expression during neuronal differentiation.
A new study by Magnus Nordborg's group reveals unique transcriptional regulation mechanisms in plants, distinct from those found in animals and yeast. The researchers identified a critical regulatory sequence motif, GATC, that fine-tunes gene expression across different cell types.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute found that specific start sites (TSSs) are linked to distinct end sites (TESs), shaping the RNA landscape unique to each tissue. Dominant promoters, which overrule conventional signals, drive this process and are conserved across species.
Researchers identified over 1,000 genes with age-related methylation changes in human sperm. These changes are associated with increased offspring disease susceptibility for neurodevelopmental disorders. The study found no correlation between paternal BMI or semen quality and age-related methylation changes.
Researchers found global redistribution of histone H3 modifications with time, particularly in intergenic regions and near transcription start sites. Caloric restriction diet feeding reduced the extent of changes occurring during the first year of life in these genomic regions.
Scientists from Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a genetically encoded probe to visualize active transcription sites in living cells. The probe successfully identified phosphorylated Ser2 in RNA polymerase II, allowing for the localization of elongation phase transcription sites in real-time.
Researchers discovered that up to 60% of observed enhancers have coordinated binding events, indicating transcription factors work together to regulate gene expression. This cooperation may enable cancer cells to exploit existing enhancer systems, leading to changes in cellular identity.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered the intricate details of the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a crucial protein in human genome replication. ORC changes shape dramatically as it assembles around DNA, with parts twisting and pinching to interact with the molecule.
Researchers developed new microscopy approach to directly observe transcription factor proteins sliding along DNA and their binding mechanisms. The study reveals that these proteins frequently miss their target site, employing a 'hopping' mechanism to trade thorough scanning for speed.
Scientists at UIC identified alternative start sites within bacterial genes, finding over 100 E. coli genes with multiple protein-coding potential. This discovery opens new avenues for research into antibiotic action and pathogenicity.
Scientists have found a mechanism that explains how the protein-making machinery chooses which alternative start sites to use for protein synthesis. The discovery reveals that RNA structure plays a crucial role in determining these start sites, and could lead to new therapies or medications for diseases such as cancer.
A recent study found that gene regulation by protein transcription factors is the most likely mechanism for generating evolutionary change. This discovery challenges previous assumptions and sheds light on the process of evolutionary adaptation.
A team of international researchers from Kumamoto University and RIKEN mapped 60% of all developmental chicken TSSs to the most recent chicken genome, providing valuable genetic data for understanding human development. This achievement enables the application of CRISPR-on technology to activate specific genes during development.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute discovered that DNA segment to which a transcription factor binds can assume various spatial arrangements, altering the transcription factor's shape and controlling its activity. Neighboring DNA segments also play a significant role in modulating gene activity.
A continuous quality improvement (CQI) approach was introduced to 30 sites across Uganda to improve voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) quality. The initiative led to significant improvements in compliance with national standards, with teams using a 53-indicator quality assessment tool to measure progress.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research developed a new method to precisely map individual transcription factor binding sites in the genome. The technique, called ChIP-nexus, uses an enzyme to trim back DNA fragments to the spot where transcription factors bind, providing more accurate information than existing methods.
A recent study suggests that genes and regulatory elements share a common architecture in their reading processes, with the main differences occurring after the initial step. This unified model could provide insight into how genes evolve and shed light on the evolutionary origins of new genes.
Researchers found that specific small non-coding RNAs near gene start sites can distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. These RNA molecules may also predict cancer survival outcomes and have potential as diagnostic tools.
Researchers found distinct binding patterns of tumor suppressor protein p53 with the entire genome in normal human cells compared to cancer cells. The study reveals a link between p53 function and human epigenome.
Biophysicists create model to describe nucleosome distribution around transcription start sites, showing that stop signals prevent nucleosome formation. The Tonks model explains the characteristic packing of DNA in cells, shedding light on gene expression and chromatin code.
The GREAT algorithm allows scientists to analyze vast amounts of DNA sequencing data to reveal control regions for nearly any gene. Researchers can input a list of binding sites and receive an analysis of which genes are likely to be moderated by the transcription factor, including those far away from the coding sequence.
A genome-wide study in yeast redefines the concept of promoters, showing most regions produce overlapping transcripts starting at the same promoter. This finding has implications for understanding gene expression and regulation in humans.
Carnegie Mellon researchers digitize old books with reCAPTCHA, achieving industry-standard transcription accuracy. Over 100 million CAPTCHAs are solved daily, equivalent to hundreds of thousands of hours of human effort.
Researchers identified a large fraction of functional transcription factor binding sites near human gene transcriptions, challenging traditional views of complex organism regulation. This discovery could aid in identifying transcriptional networks underlying cellular processes and diseases.
Researchers have resolved key questions about DNA transcription using nanotech tools, revealing a molecular machine that remains stationary and 'reels in' adjacent DNA segments during initial synthesis. This breakthrough advances understanding of the structure and function of transcription, setting the stage for new opportunities in co...
Researchers discover a genetic code that determines where nucleosomes are positioned along DNA, affecting access to genes and cellular processes. This finding has implications for understanding diseases such as cancer.
The study reveals that genes use a broad distribution of start sites, allowing for subtle differences in species control. This knowledge could help explain why complex organisms like humans have more genes than simple ones despite similar numbers.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill found a previously unknown binding site on RNA polymerase, dramatically increasing the speed of DNA-to-RNA conversion. This discovery has significant implications for understanding gene expression and regulation in cells, particularly in cancer research.