Articles tagged with Lungs
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A two-year study involving 321 patients found that endobronchial valves significantly improved measures of lung function and quality of life for emphysema patients. The valves allowed over-distended air sacs to deflate, resulting in increased overall lung function.
A study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that statins reduce the annual loss of lung function in elderly individuals, including those who smoke. The researchers suggest that statins' ability to reduce inflammation and smoking-induced injury in the lungs may be responsible for this effect.
A new, rapid and cheap way of estimating the potential risk posed to human health by volcanic ash has been devised. The technique uses state-of-the-art laser technology to analyze the grain size of samples from around the world, allowing emergency response teams to quickly measure the potential risk without high-tech equipment.
The airway bypass procedure has shown positive results in reducing air trapped in lungs and improving breathing in patients with emphysema. The study achieved a statistically significant reduction in residual volume and improvement in the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, indicating potential therapeutic benefits for pat...
Researchers found a common biochemical pathway disrupted in both premature lung disease and adult COPD, suggesting potential new treatments for BPD. The study's findings also validate the use of umbilical cord tissue as a proxy for studying fetal lung physiology.
Studies in mice reveal that ozone exposure enhances lung injury in response to bacterial toxins and boosts programmed cell death in innate immune system cells. This can lead to an overactive immune response, killing key immune cells and potentially making the lung more vulnerable to subsequent invaders.
A study found that children with dysfunctional families and living in poor neighborhoods experience greater asthma symptoms and poorer lung function. Family support was linked to reduced inflammation, while neighborhood problems led to increased smoking and exposure to smoke.
The study found that the H5N1 virus not only affects the respiratory system but also spreads to the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and central nervous system. In one case, the virus was transmitted from mother to fetus through the placenta.
New research from Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine identifies how microscopic air pollution kills people at risk. The study found that lungs inflamed by the pollution secrete a substance that causes blood to clot, raising the risk of fatal heart attacks or strokes.
Researchers at MIT have found that the body's innate ability to adapt to recurring stimuli can be leveraged to design more effective and less costly artificial respirators. By taking into account a patient's natural breathing rhythm, doctors may be able to minimize the need for induced sedation or paralysis.
Researchers found that nonassociative learning enables rats and mice to adapt to artificial rhythms in mechanical ventilation, reducing the need for sedation. Brain calculus involves mathematical calculations to process and filter information, allowing vital functions to learn and adapt.
A ventilation/perfusion lung scan (V/Q scan) is a reliable alternative to CT angiograms in diagnosing pulmonary embolisms, especially in young women. The study found that V/Q scans can exclude pulmonary embolism with low probability clinical assessment, reducing radiation exposure and breast cancer risk.
Researchers found that N-acetylcysteine can form a molecule that tricks the body into thinking it has an oxygen shortage, leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension. The discovery opens up new possibilities for treating PAH and highlights the need to monitor patients using NAC.
A study by Dutch researchers identified four cases of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) among workers at a chemical plant producing diacetyl, a key component of butter flavoring. The findings support the conclusion that an agent in the diacetyl production process has caused BOS.
Researchers found that infants with poor lung function at birth continued to experience reduced lung function up to age 22. The study suggests that early prenatal intervention may be necessary to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood.
The Lancet proposes adding chronic systemic inflammatory syndrome to COPD diagnosis to address frequent comorbidities and improve patient care. Patients with COPD often die from non-respiratory disorders such as cardiovascular disease or cancer.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a new emergency treatment using high-intensity focused ultrasound to seal punctured lungs. The technique, inspired by Star Trek technology, shows promise in replacing painful and invasive procedures for lung injuries.
A study published in the journal Immunity reveals that a toxin released by bacteria causes severe bleeding in the lungs, making infections deadly. The discovery provides a better understanding of what makes major global bacterial infections deadly and may lead to new treatments.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a deadly complication of severe traumatic injury, bacterial infections, and more. A recent study found that a protein called Cblb modulates the inflammatory response in ARDS, with mice lacking the gene being less likely to survive.
A three-year study measured lung function growth in 3,170 eight-year-old children in Mexico City, finding significant deficits in children exposed to higher levels of air pollutants. The effects of long-term exposure on lung health are associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive lung disease and cardiovascular morbidity.
Researchers analyzed 1053 patients with severe emphysema to find marked sex differences in COPD. Women had shorter smoking histories and lower body mass index, but experienced more breathlessness and depression than men.
Research found that cannabis smoking damages lungs, reducing fine airways and blocking large airways. The extent of damage is linked to the number of joints smoked, with higher consumption resulting in greater incapacity.
Research finds inadequate ventilation and overcrowding contribute to higher rates of lower respiratory tract lung infections in Inuit children. Carbon dioxide levels often exceed recommended concentrations in homes with poor ventilation.
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking new mouse model for lung transplantation, which could lead to breakthroughs in preventing transplant rejection. The study aims to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling lung graft survival and develop therapies to counteract chronic rejection.
A study found that combining endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) increases diagnostic yield in peripheral lung lesions. The procedure achieved a sensitivity comparable to surgical biopsies, with a 88% diagnostic yield, while reducing complications.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have successfully integrated minimally invasive lung surgery into their training programs with a standardized plan, increasing procedures by 57% over four years. The minimally invasive lobectomy results in faster recovery time and less pain for patients.
Researchers found that mice exposed to ozone before infection died more often than those breathed filtered air. Female mice were also less likely to survive pneumonia exposure compared to males, regardless of genetic variation. The study suggests considering the impact of environmental pollutants on health by gender.
The American Thoracic Society has published a new statement on pulmonary function testing in preschool children, addressing clinical, technical, and epidemiological implications. The guidelines focus on spirometry and other techniques to evaluate lung function in this age group.
Researchers found that elevated pepsin levels, a marker for gastric aspiration, are associated with acute rejection of lung transplants. Prolonged exposure to stomach fluids may contribute to lung injury and increase the risk of rejection.
Death rates from lung and bladder cancer remained high decades after residents in northern Chile were exposed to high levels of arsenic, indicating a clear pattern of latency in health effects. The study found that mortality risks continued to rise long after exposure ended, supporting the need for more testing of world's water sources.
Researchers review developmental and genetic basis of CDH, exploring potential treatments using animal models and examining connections to lung and cardiovascular development. Studies find that TO surgery can stimulate fetal lung growth, while genetic mutations in key pathways contribute to the condition.
The EASE Trial investigates an experimental procedure called airway bypass designed to create pathways in the lung for trapped air to escape, potentially relieving shortness of breath and other symptoms. The study aims to improve lung function and quality of life for emphysema patients.
Researchers found that talc stimulates healthy cells to produce endostatin, a hormone that inhibits tumor growth and kills tumor cells. The study reveals talcum powder's potential as a therapeutic agent for metastatic lung cancer, offering new hope for patients with incurable disease.
Adults with obstructive sleep apnea benefit significantly from prolonged CPAP use, with 7.5 hours shown to maximize daytime alertness and functioning. Most patients should use CPAP for at least 7.5 hours each night to realize the greatest possible benefits of therapy.
A recent study published in Health Psychology by the American Psychological Association found that young adults with a short temper tend to have compromised lung function. Higher levels of general frustration were also associated with statistically significant reductions in pulmonary function among Black and White women, as well as Bla...
Researchers identify distinct genetic profile associated with rapid progression of IPF, highlighting the need for targeted therapies and closer monitoring. The study's findings may lead to the development of biomarkers for disease progression and more effective treatment strategies.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute are developing a physics-based virtual model to simulate real-time organ motions for radiation therapy. The 4-D VIP-Man will allow doctors and medical physicists to accurately predict and monitor anatomical changes, providing the most effective treatment possible.
The TORCH study found that treatment with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate slowed the decline in lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients treated with this combination had a slower rate of lung function decline compared to those receiving a placebo over three years.
A study found that children of smokers have impaired lung function, regardless of whether they exhibit respiratory symptoms, and that smoking after birth may be more harmful than during pregnancy. Researchers speculate that growing smoking bans could lead to increased home smoke exposure and further lung damage.
A randomized double-blind trial of airway bypass treatment is underway to explore a minimally-invasive procedure for millions of emphysema sufferers. The study focuses on reinforcing new pathways in the lung with drug-eluting stents to relieve severe emphysema symptoms.
A new study validates the Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria, showing that two-thirds of patients with a low probability of pulmonary embolism receive unnecessary tests. The protocol uses clinical criteria to rule out clots in the lung, reducing costs and side effects associated with CT scans.
Researchers found that patients with well-controlled mild asthma on twice-daily inhaled steroids can safely reduce inhaler use to once a day or switch to daily pills. The study involved 500 children and adults with mild persistent asthma.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that Swedish snus is associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer, despite being less harmful than smoking. However, switching from cigarettes to snus can potentially lead to significant health benefits for smokers.
A large multiyear database analysis shows that Curosurf (poractant alfa) Intratracheal Suspension significantly improves neonatal survival in preterm infants with RDS. The study found nearly 20% lower death rates for babies treated with poractant alfa compared to beractant or calfactant.
A retrospective study of 24,883 premature babies found that poractant alfa significantly reduced mortality rates, with no differences in outcomes between rural and teaching hospitals. The treatment was approved by the FDA in 1999 and is now being compared to other natural surfactants used in treating respiratory distress syndrome.
Researchers used MRS to evaluate fetal lung maturity in amniotic fluid samples, finding choline levels above 49 mg/g indicate mature lungs. This non-invasive method could spare pregnant women and their fetuses from risks of amniocentesis.
A recent study presented at ISHLT meeting reveals that profiling gene expression can detect organ rejection in lung transplant patients. The LARGO study uses quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify molecular signatures associated with acute cellular rejection.
The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) is evaluating a new mathematical modeling system for lung allocation in the US, focusing on its effectiveness and comparing it to systems used in Europe. The system aims to give every patient an equal chance at transplant based on various factors.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that enoxaparin was 43% more effective at preventing venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) than unfractionated heparin. This result was consistent regardless of the severity of the stroke.
A large cross-sectional survey found that frequent consumption of cured meats is associated with lower lung function test scores and increased odds of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study suggests that high dietary nitrite intake may be a novel risk factor for COPD.
A study by UNC researchers found that normal breathing's rhythmic motion regulates mucus clearance, promoting lung health in CF patients. This rhythm also re-hydrates airways, accelerating mucus removal.
A new study at Rhode Island Hospital investigated the chronic effects of smoke inhalation on 21 Station fire survivors and found that non-smokers were more severely affected. The study used high-resolution computed tomography to measure air-trapping in the lungs, which increased with severity and was significantly higher in non-smokers.
A genetic 'gang of 4' drives the spread of breast cancer to the lungs by promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Researchers discovered that silencing these genes can effectively reduce cancer growth and metastasis in mice.
Researchers at UTMB overturned the long-held medical dogma on RSV, finding that an inadequate immune reaction is associated with severe infections. The study's findings have major implications for developing therapies and treating viral respiratory infections during infancy.
Researchers at NIST found that short DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes can selectively absorb into human lung cells, posing a potential health risk. The team's study suggests that the length of the nanotube plays a significant role in determining cellular uptake and toxicity.
Scientists found that brief high-level exposures to nitrogen dioxide can cause rapid lung injury, including breathing rate inhibition, lung edema, and acute lung damage. Researchers studied laboratory rats exposed to varying concentrations of the toxic gas for five minutes, revealing significant health risks.
A UCLA study reports that over half of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis improved their walking distance by at least 20% after taking Viagra. The medication may help breathing by opening or dilating blood vessels to allow more blood flow to the lungs.
A therapeutic peptide, 37AA, has been developed to target the protein p73, which can induce tumor cell death. The study found that the peptide killed both p53-sufficient and p53-deficient human tumor cell lines. Additionally, a tissue-resident population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was discovered in transplanted human lungs, with ...
A new study found that lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells reside in transplanted lungs, challenging the assumption that they originate from bone marrow. These cells have been shown to differentiate into multiple connective tissue cell types and may hold the key to understanding therapeutic options using MSCs that reside in adult organs.
A recent study published in Pediatrics has found that repeated courses of steroids in preterm labor do not harm the babies' brains, contrary to previous concerns. The treatment may still hold promise for helping fragile babies breathe on their own and reducing the risk of respiratory complications.