Articles tagged with Cytokine Pathway
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a connection between the brain and immune system responsible for cachexia-related apathy. By targeting specific neurons and immune system proteins, they hope to improve cancer patients' quality of life and tolerance for treatments.
An international team of scientists has molecularly decoded blood stem cell differentiation pathways using state-of-the-art sequencing methods. They identified a crucial surface protein, PD-L2, which suppresses the immune response by preventing T cell activation and release of inflammatory substances.
This study found that electroacupuncture (EA) improved gastric emptying in rats with burn-induced dysmotility by down-regulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. EA also normalized sympathetic hyperactivity and enhanced vagal activity, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit for burn-induced gastric dysmotility.
A synthetic retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) agonist RNA has been shown to induce innate immune signaling and death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. The addition of recombinant interferon-b potentiated this cell death, suggesting a potential new mechanism for treating patients with liver cancer.
A research team at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has identified a novel molecular pathway leading to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in tumors. TLSs are immune cell clusters that can boost the local immune response and may be harnessed for immunotherapy treatments.
A new study using a novel mouse strain expressing Halo-tagged SOCS1 reveals that the inhibitor needs to exceed a threshold level to suppress GM-CSF and IFN-gamma signaling. The findings emphasize SOCS1's crucial function in modulating cytokine signaling.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts mitochondrial reactions, leading to immune sensor activation and a cytokine storm, which triggers multiple organ-damaging events. Autopsy samples revealed extensive inflammation and organ damage in organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
Associate Professor Justine Tigno-Aranjuez received a $1 million NSF CAREER Award to study the impact of the NOD2 pathway on inflammation. Her research aims to understand how lipid mediators are produced and how they influence inflammation.
Researchers discovered a unique probiotic strain, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB1, that strengthens intestinal barrier function and protects against harmful bacteria. This strain may lead to the development of novel therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory conditions.
Researchers highlight the need to develop new anti-angiogenic agents to improve cancer treatment efficacy, citing knowledge gaps in human clinical trials. The review recommends considering tumor mutations, microenvironment, and patient profiles to select optimal AAD combinations.
Researchers develop optogenetic system to precisely target cancer cells using light, inducing inflammatory cell death and triggering immune response. The approach aims to modulate the immune suppressive environment around cancer cells, helping T cells recognize and attack the disease.
A USC study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 causes a stage of mild symptoms followed by severe inflammation in some patients. The virus exploits two different pathways to interact with immune cells, one leading to inflammation and the other preventing it.
Scientists identified key factors in developing long-lasting immunity against dengue virus through analyzing immune responses to natural infection and vaccines. The study revealed molecular markers that could be used in novel vaccine development.
Researchers from Pusan National University discovered a link between diabetes and periodontitis, showing pro-inflammatory cytokines rise in classical monocytes. The study highlights the systemic impact of these conditions on immune regulation and suggests a potential therapeutic target to reduce diabetes risk.
The study found that solely the omicron variant influences cell cycle genes, leading to increased p21 expression and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This results in premature cellular senescence, potentially contributing to the reported cytokine storm and development of long-COVID.
Researchers discovered a cell signaling pathway that allows effector memory T cells to drive innate cytokine storms in autoimmune diseases. Targeting the STING pathway may prevent inflammation chain reactions, offering new hope for treating conditions like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers identified a new class of molecules capable of preventing excessive inflammation in severe COVID-19. Blocking the link between peptide C5a and its cellular receptor reduced lung damage and other complications in mice. This finding suggests that antagonists of C5aR1 could be useful for treating severe COVID-19.
A new study published in Aging-US has identified the p53-p16/RB-E2F-DREAM complex as a critical regulator of cellular senescence. The researchers found that this complex represses multiple target genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and chromatin structure, leading to the stability of the senescent arrest.
A new study finds that rare helper T cells called Th9 can drive allergic disease and may hold the key to precision medicine approaches for treating severe allergies. Th9 cells are activated by specific transcription factors and can produce inflammatory cytokines without antigen stimulation.
Researchers found an imbalance in an important immune system signaling pathway associated with severe COVID-19. They detected dysregulation of the immune system mediated by ATP, leading to a pro-inflammatory state and potentially fatal systemic inflammation.
A team of researchers found that two SARS-CoV-2 proteins, NSP6 and ORF7a, are essential for activating the NF-κB pathway, leading to elevated cytokine levels. The study suggests that targeting this pathway may offer a strategy to stop the virus.
A study in Cell Reports identifies a new pathway regulated by cytokine GDF15, which activates AMPK protein and regulates energy metabolism in peripheral tissues. The discovery offers potential therapeutic targets for treating metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
A study published in PNAS identified an overlap between cytokine release syndrome and COVID-19, finding that IL-6 signaling blockade can alleviate symptoms of both conditions. By treating severe COVID-19 patients with a human monoclonal antibody-based drug called Actemra, PAI-1 levels rapidly declined and disease symptoms were alleviated.
City of Hope scientists develop blood test to forecast breast cancer recurrence risk in patients with solid tumors. The innovative approach aims to personalize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) suppresses the immune response by triggering SOCS regulators, dulling the normal immune response to viral infection. This allows HCV to survive, replicate and infect other cells, making it undiagnosed for months after initial infection.
The International Cytokine & Interferon Society awards two scientists, Dr. Akiko Iwasaki and Dr. Hao Wu, for their outstanding contributions to cytokine and interferon research. Their work has led to paradigm shifts in understanding immune responses and vaccine design.
A study published in Nature Medicine reveals that celastrol increases brain sensitivity to leptin, leading to reduced food intake and weight loss. The research identifies a pro-inflammatory signaling pathway involving the IL1R1 receptor as key to understanding celastrol's effects.
Researchers have cracked the code of neural signals used by the immune system to communicate with the brain, opening doors to diagnostic and therapeutic targets for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. The discovery provides insight into how the nervous system regulates inflammation and immunity.
New research shows that prolonged alcohol consumption can reduce the body's ability to produce anti-viral cytokines, leading to increased inflammation and impaired immune response. This study highlights the negative impact of alcohol on the immune system, particularly in relation to viral infections.
A study in JCB identifies TWEAK as a key trigger for muscle breakdown in disused skeletal muscle. Blocking this pathway could prevent muscle loss in immobilized patients. Inhibiting TWEAK with an antibody was sufficient to block muscle breakdown, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
A team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine has identified the pathways that lead to the production of Interleukin 10 (IL-10), a major anti-inflammatory factor. Modulating messenger molecules like IL-27 and IL-6 could increase IL-10 concentrations, tempering overactive immune responses.
A new study from the University of Illinois found that cytokine resistance contributes to the pathology of type 2 diabetes by impairing the anti-inflammatory response and disrupting insulin-like signaling pathways. This impairment leads to chronic inflammation, which exacerbates health issues in individuals with obesity or diabetes.
A study identifies human Tyk2 deficiency and links it to multiple cytokine signals critical for human immune responses. Unlike mouse models, which showed partial impairment in IFN signaling, humans with functional Tyk2 exhibited severe defects in multiple cytokine signals, including IL-12 and IFN-α.
The study found that the three-dimensional structure of SOCS3 enables the design of selective inhibitors, which may extend the activity of G-CSF in restoring white blood cells. Additionally, an engineered version of SOCS3 with improved stability and repressive functions shows potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
A new study reveals that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) regulates the expression of neurotransmitter receptors on neurons, affecting signal transmission and potentially providing new treatment approaches for dementia, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, and spinal cord injury. The research suggests a vital role for glial ce...