Articles tagged with Research Ethics
College students who have positive role models such as clergy, Boy Scout leaders, friends, and college advisers exhibit less willingness to adopt questionable ethical behavior in negotiations. In contrast, those with negative role models like journalists and coaches tend to be more accepting of unethical tactics.
A recent study by University of Washington researcher Scott Reynolds found that people who focus on the ends (consequences) are less sensitive to ethical issues involving rule violations. In contrast, those who prioritize means (morality) recognize both harmful and non-harmful situations as ethical issues.
The study aims to assess the extent of use of the program in three states, compare it to traditional end-of-life care planning, and examine its impact on symptom management. Researchers will gather data through phone surveys and medical chart reviews to inform strategies for improving end-of-life programs nationwide.
A study by Rice University sociologist Elaine Howard Ecklund found that academic scientists in the natural sciences are less likely to believe in God compared to those in the social sciences. The survey of over 2,000 faculty members revealed distinct frameworks for viewing religion and spirituality among different disciplines.
Research involving human stem cells in nonhuman primate brains may be necessary and effective, but oversight boards must consider six key factors to ensure ethics are maintained. The number of human cells used and animal brain size are among the factors considered.
Kansas State University professors Dann Fisher and Swanson advocate for a new national rule requiring three hours of accounting and business ethics coursework for certified public accountants. The proposed rule aims to prevent corporate ethics scandals like Enron and Arthur Andersen by emphasizing moral judgment in accounting graduates.
Women donating eggs for stem cell research face unique risks and lack adequate protections. Stanford bioethicists advocate for a new category of research subjects and set of guidelines to ensure informed consent. The proposed changes aim to promote ethical egg donation practices.
A new strategy, developed by the University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, aims to integrate and value ethical decision-making in healthcare. The 'hub and spokes' model assigns a central ethics resource to share knowledge and guidance with frontline employees, promoting accountability and sustainability.
The Inamori International Center for Ethics and Excellence will explore different types of ethics to serve as a common spiritual backbone for humankind. The center will promote deep, continuous ethical discourse among students and faculty at Case Western Reserve University.
The new Ethics Manual revisits and expands on earlier topics, including sections on chaperones and privacy, gifts from patients, and health and human rights. The fifth edition provides an ethical framework for physicians to make complex decisions in a changing environment.
A leading ethicist argues that taking part in medical research is a moral duty for the public good. He suggests changing the Declaration of Helsinki to justify compulsion in certain circumstances, citing examples like vaccination and jury service.
The Trust supports well-established researchers to carry out single, outstanding projects. Professor Hillel Steiner's 'Just Price' project explores the concept of fair prices, while Professor David Hulme's book synthesizes global poverty reduction research.
Leading researchers, including Gerald Schatten, explore the potential of stem cells from therapeutic cloning for treating various diseases. However, concerns over safety, efficacy, and ethical implications remain a topic of debate.
Diane Swanson's research reveals that executives prioritizing ethics tend to prefer fair pay, while those downplaying values often have higher salaries. This finding highlights the need for business education to focus on service to community rather than self-centeredness.
The study found that even insured individuals recognize and are willing to accept tradeoffs between having more generous benefits and having coverage for all. Insured citizens deliberated on this issue, voicing sophisticated arguments for and against giving up some of their benefits to include the uninsured.
The NHGRI has launched four centers to pioneer interdisciplinary research on the ethical, legal and social implications of genomic knowledge. The centers will assemble teams of experts to develop innovative approaches to addressing pressing issues in genome research.
A study of 2500 babies found no difference in outcomes between those who received suctioning and those who did not, challenging current guidelines on perinatal treatment. The results suggest that routine suctioning may not be effective in preventing meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) or its complications.
The field of stem-cell research faces challenges in winning public support due to limited clinical benefits. Scientists are urged to step forward and lead a debate about the potential benefits and costs of working with stem cells.
Germany's restrictive laws on human reproduction have roots in the Nazi era, where doctors and scientists were motivated by racial ideology and conformity. Understanding this history is crucial for making informed decisions about reproductive medicine today.
A group of researchers has outlined the ethical issues raised by modern neuroscience, including the use of plastic surgery and neural enhancement. The panel argues that treating illnesses rather than healthy individuals is more acceptable, but raises questions about the long-term effects of brain-altering medications like Ritalin.
Most cloned embryos are unable to reprogram their genes and develop normally, behaving like hybrids instead. Dr. Keith Latham's research highlights the challenges in cloning success.
The editorial highlights concerns about government over-regulation of science, highlighting the need for transparency and clarity in research funding. It emphasizes that strong and sustainable research cultures are crucial for addressing global health threats.
The new Social and Behavioral Research Branch (SBRB) at NHGRI will focus on translating genomic discoveries into medical care and public health interventions. The SBRB's research portfolio will encompass four conceptual domains, including testing communications strategies and developing interventions aimed at reducing genetic risk.
The national report outlines three basic areas of genomic research, including understanding the relationship between genomics and race/ethnicity. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing ethical, legal, and social implications of genomic research, such as genetic testing and its impact on individuals and society.
A cohort study found that medical students' ethical skills levelled out over time, suggesting an earlier maturation of ethical abilities than anticipated. Peter Singer suggests ways to strengthen the role of ethics in medical education.
A symposium at Stanford Medicine explores the ethics of using race as a research variable, with Dr. Cho arguing that genetic differences are often misrepresented by racial classification. The discussion focuses on the implications of this approach for drug development and our understanding of human identity.
The Bio-X program has awarded grants to 21 new interdisciplinary research projects, including the development of an artificial cornea and a wireless gastric endocapsule. These projects aim to boost collaborations among faculty, students, and staff across departments and schools.
The International Collaborative Genetics Research Training Program will help reduce health disparities through the use of genetic sciences. The six new projects will provide educational opportunities at various levels and contribute to the capacity of developing country scientists to conduct human genetics research.
Dr. Laura Hawryluck argues that administering neuromuscular blockers can blur the lines between palliative and euthanasia care. She suggests that physicians should prepare family members for the reality of a dying patient's breathing and bodily reactions.
A study of 53 IRB members found that while most prioritize the development of effective cancer therapies, individual approaches to weighing pros and cons vary widely. Only 12% use systematic risk-benefit calculations, with many relying on impression-based or practical considerations.
Research ethics boards involved in industry-sponsored pharmaceutical trials are under investigation due to concerns of secrecy and lack of transparency. Industry sponsorship can create conflicts of interest, compromising the integrity of clinical trials and patient safety.
The Phoebe R. Berman Bioethics Institute at Johns Hopkins University is establishing a Genetics and Public Policy Center with a $9.9 million grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts. The center will explore policy options for reproductive genetic technologies, including gene selection in humans.
The International Collaborative Genetics Research Training Program aims to reduce health disparities through genetic sciences. The program provides Ph.D. and Master's level education, addressing ethics, social, and legal implications of genetics research in low- & middle-income countries.
A volunteer's death during a medical research study highlights the need for improved safety measures and enhanced ethical oversight. The Canadian Medical Association Journal article emphasizes the importance of learning from such incidents to prevent future tragedies.
The American Sociological Association's Annual Meeting will discuss human subjects protection in social sciences, featuring a panel presentation on the topic. The special session aims to address issues related to research, teaching, and training in human subjects protection.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science recommends that human trials of inheritable genetic changes should not be initiated until reliable techniques for gene correction or replacement are developed. Serious ethical and religious issues also must be addressed as research policy is formulated, including concerns about ju...
A University of Illinois professor highlights the need to address ethical concerns around sex with former clients, as well as gaps in graduate training and multiculturalism. She advocates for increased recognition of women's contributions to psychology and calls for reforms.
Only about a third of engineering schools in the US require all students to take an ethics course, according to UMass professor Karl Stephan. This lack of emphasis on ethics raises concerns about the impact of technology on society and the need for engineers to consider the ethical implications of their work.
A large class size provides a broad range of experiences, as students bring in their own ethical problems from internships. The course focuses on practical workplace situations, generating heated discussions on topics like women in engineering.
Drs. Jeremy Sugarman and Larry Burk argue that conventional clinicians have an ethical obligation to consider alternative medicine therapies, prioritizing patient autonomy, safety, and effectiveness. They emphasize the importance of respecting patients' choices while providing informed guidance.
A study by Ohio State University found that MBA students perceive certain bargaining tactics as acceptable or unacceptable based on their individual characteristics. The research suggests that business professionals should prepare for negotiations by discussing ground rules and setting the right tone.