Articles tagged with Urban Studies
Researchers investigated the growth of urban communities in northern Netherlands between 1350 and 1650, analyzing factors driving urban 'mists' and cultural industry development. The studies also explored the emergence of new towns as instruments for politics, economics, and culture in late Middle Ages.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that short-term exposure to fine particulate matter increased hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The study estimated associations between day-to-day changes in hospital admission rates and fine particulate matter levels in 204 US urban counties.
Researchers found that urban coyote populations are larger than expected, live longer, and are more active at night. They help control Canada goose populations by eating eggs from nests and burying them for later consumption.
A recent study found that performing monkeys in Asia carry various simian viruses, including simian foamy virus and simian retrovirus. These viruses pose a potential risk of transmission to humans, particularly in settings where people have close contact with non-human primates.
A large-scale study has found that trained volunteers and laypeople can safely use defibrillators to save the lives of cardiac arrest victims. The study showed a significant increase in survival rates for patients in urban areas, with potential to save up to 15 out of 100 lives within an 8-minute response time.
Research by University of Alberta's Dr. Michael Haan found that immigrants' housing rates dropped in the last few years, while those born in the country increased their homeownership rates. The decline may be linked to diminished labour market fortunes, discrimination, and decreasing median wealth among immigrant groups.
A recent study found that children with asthma are more likely to experience social functioning issues, depression, and anxiety. Children with higher levels of anxiety or depression tend to have poorer interpersonal relationships and fewer friends.
Half of high blood pressure patients reporting no medical care or guidance, despite 50 million adults affected. Guidelines for ER evaluation and management needed to address this issue.
Researchers studied over 13,000 people from five diverse sites to investigate dementia incidence. The study found no convincing evidence of variation in dementia incidence across sites or age groups, challenging previous proposals for public health policy.
A recent study from the University of Pittsburgh highlights the challenges faced by paramedics in performing endotracheal intubation, a critical procedure that requires significant skill and experience. The research found that many paramedics perform intubations less than three times per year, with some not performing any at all.
A study by University of Michigan researchers found that welfare reform led to increased rates of hypertension, obesity, and poor self-reported health among single mothers. The study's findings suggest that the impact of welfare reform on women's health was not fully considered in policy decisions.
A study of 1,779 patients with infective endocarditis found that healthcare-associated S aureus IE was common worldwide, with distinct features compared to community-acquired forms. MRSA is now a relatively common cause of IE globally, associated with persistent bacteremia and requiring better treatment strategies.
A new study estimates that polluted O.C. beaches result in significant healthcare costs, affecting both locals and tourists. The research, conducted by UCI researchers, provides policymakers with a valuable tool for evaluating the cost-benefit of cleaning up coastal waters.
A five-year study aims to investigate why coyotes are becoming more aggressive in urban and suburban areas of New York state, with researchers seeking ways to prevent conflicts with humans. The study will also survey public attitudes and behaviors relating to coyotes, as well as develop methods to induce fear without harm.
A study by UCLA found that children on school buses are exposed to high levels of diesel pollution, comparable to urban areas. The researchers analyzed six buses and found that intake fraction values were significantly higher than typical U.S. urban areas.
A population-based study found that Aboriginal Canadians are nearly four times as likely to sustain severe trauma as the reference population. Motor vehicle crashes were identified as a primary cause of traumatic injuries and death among this group.
A Princeton University study found that young black men with little schooling face significant barriers to employment due to employer discrimination. Employers showed a preference for white applicants over black applicants without criminal records, highlighting the need for strong enforcement of the New York City Human Rights Law.
Middle school students report frequent peer harassment, with witnessing others' harassment shielding them from emotional distress. The study highlights the importance of targeting violence intervention efforts to all students and addressing all forms of bullying.
A study examining Thailand's 'war on drugs' found that rural communities had a greater impact than urban centers, with 78% of rural users quitting injecting drugs. Despite the strictness of the policy, 85% of participants believed it was 'good', possibly due to its deterrent effect on others.
A study found that bipolar disorder is prevalent among patients in an urban primary care clinic, with 9.8% screening positive for the condition. Patients who screened positive reported worse health-related quality of life and social impairment compared to those who did not screen positive.
Researchers found a link between air pollution and chromosomal abnormalities in babies, with stable alterations increasing cancer risk. The study monitored exposure to PAHs among African-American and Dominican mothers in NYC, finding higher abnormalities in those exposed to high pollution levels.
A study found that living in socially deprived areas increases psychological distress, leading to higher rates of depression and injection drug use. Needle exchange programs and employment assistance can improve neighborhood quality and reduce stressors.
Researchers found that Whites perceive significantly more disorder than Blacks, Latinos, and Asians, even when living in the same neighborhood. The study suggests implicit bias in perceptions of disorder contributes to continued racial segregation in the US.
A study found that rural stroke patients who received tPA treatment at small hospitals with phone support had outcomes similar to those treated on-site. The most notable result was the administration of tPA to 53 people who would not have otherwise received it.
A study found that only 12% of jails continued methadone treatments for withdrawal, while 48% failed to provide appropriate detoxification methods. The lack of coordination between jails and community clinics is a major concern.
The K-State civil engineering department will focus on cost-effective preservation of rural roads and infrastructure for safe operation and agricultural product movement. The new center aims to address unique challenges in rural areas, including aging population, terrorist threats, and disease outbreaks.
Research from the Women's Interagency HIV Study found that HIV-infected women with low platelet counts had a five-fold increased risk of dying due to any cause. The study also revealed that highly active antiretroviral therapy, such as HAART containing zidovudine, can boost platelet counts back to normal.
A UH study reveals that lack of fresh produce in lower-income neighborhoods contributes to weight and health problems among these populations. The research highlights the need for improved access to healthy food options in underserved communities.
A study found that air pollution from Canadian forest fires increased eight-fold in Baltimore, with indoor levels reaching as high as 366 ug/m3. The researchers suggest reviewing health advisories to protect vulnerable individuals from transcontinental transport of pollutants.
A nationwide hospital study found that urban teaching hospitals incurred nearly 70% of total charges for motorcycle-related cases in 2001. The majority of injured riders had longer stays and higher charges due to head injuries, with men accounting for 89% of motorcycle-related hospital discharges.
A large-scale study conducted from 1987 to 2000 found a strong link between short-term changes in ground-level ozone and mortality in 95 urban areas, covering 40% of the US population. The study suggests that reducing daily ozone levels by 10 parts per billion could save up to 4,000 lives annually.
A study of 95 US cities found that ground-level ozone is associated with a 0.52% daily increase in deaths, with an average daily ozone level of 26ppb. A 10ppb reduction in daily ozone could save nearly 4,000 lives.
A recent VA study found that rural veterans have lower physical and mental health scores compared to urban veterans. The disparity persists even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, suggesting access to care may be a key factor. The study's findings support the need for expanded healthcare delivery systems in rural areas.
Scientists at Indiana University and the EPA will study the circulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between the air and Great Lakes, aiming to inform new clean-up policies. Elevated PCB levels have led to fish consumption advisories for all five Great Lakes, with implications for human health.
A recent study published in Demography found that fathers are less likely to cohabitate with infants who have health issues. The research suggests that low-income children in poor health face significant challenges in maintaining a stable family structure.
A team of scientists and volunteers counted fox faeces in 400 one-kilometre squares to estimate UK fox population, finding 225,000 adult foxes. Habitat features have a greater influence on fox numbers than hunting activities.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that only 38.5% of Urdu- and Hindi-speaking women had undergone a clinical breast examination, despite 83% being aware of the procedure. The study highlights gaps in knowledge about breast cancer risk and screening methods among South Asian immigrant women.
A new study found that children walk almost as much as their grandparents did in the 1940s, with over 75% of 17/18-year-old trips taking place on foot. The researchers suggest transport policy should prioritize pedestrians' needs.
Research reveals high levels of toxic contaminants in New England rivers, affecting aquatic life and human health. Streams draining even small amounts of urban land show signs of degradation, while fish from rural areas accumulate higher mercury levels.
Changes in land use have implications for disease distribution and human health, with activities like deforestation and urban sprawl contributing to the spread of Lyme disease and malaria. The report calls for policy changes and research investments to address these issues.
Research led by Professor Tadj Oreszczyn found that half as much white light as yellow is needed for facial recognition, with significant energy savings. The study also highlighted the link between crime fear and age, recommending a change to UK urban lighting standards.
A study of 338 Chicago neighborhoods found that areas with low collective efficacy had higher asthma rates due to lack of trust, poor air quality, and limited access to health services. Neighborhoods with high collective efficacy, on the other hand, had lower asthma rates due to stronger social connections.
A study found that urban American Indian women are at higher risk for contracting HIV due to elevated rates of trauma, including physical and sexual abuse. The research suggests that these women may be exposed to HIV infection despite reports of low risk, highlighting the need for assessments of trauma and prevention measures.
A recent study found that acute diverticulitis occurs as often in younger age groups as older adults, with frequent severity in both. The disease may become a greater health problem if it starts developing at an earlier age, leading to more recurrent attacks and surgical resection.
The Cancer Screening Project for Women found that unmarried women are less likely to obtain regular cancer screenings due to assumptions about their relationships. The study's findings suggest that a trusting relationship with at least one provider who knows about the woman's life and sexual history is crucial for her health care.
Researchers found urban surfers reported almost twice as many symptoms as rural surfers due to water exposure. The study suggests current pollution guidelines may not be sufficient to protect public health from general water runoff.
A study from the University of Washington found that nationally certified teachers outperform non-certified teachers in math and reading tests, with a 7% advantage. This benefit is especially pronounced for younger and lower-income students, who see gains of up to 12% in reading scores.
A Baltimore study finds that EPA's ambient model estimates grossly underestimate cancer health risks from indoor air toxins. The researchers used passive air sampling badges to measure personal, outdoor, and indoor concentrations of VOCs, finding a factor of three underestimation of actual risk.
A new study reveals uveitis is more prevalent than previously estimated, with nearly 1,000 patients in northern California affected. The disease affects over 280,000 people in the US each year, leading to 30,000 new cases of blindness annually.
A new study found that men who have sex with men experience depression at a rate three times higher than the general population. The issues related to homophobia were strongly predictive of depression among MSM, suggesting a direct link between social attitudes and mental health outcomes.
A study by Ohio University researchers found that college students' attitudes towards online apparel shopping are shaped by factors like easy-to-navigate websites, secure transactions, and hassle-free returns. Despite being in rural or urban areas, most students intended to shop online for apparel products.
Researchers will monitor elderly individuals with existing heart disease to see how daily air pollution levels impact their ailments. The study aims to find an association between ultrafine particles and the severity of heart disease, which could lead to better air pollution regulations and improved medical treatment.
Researchers found that viewers of a scenic parkway video scored lower on a test of frustration and worked almost a minute longer on an unsolvable anagram puzzle compared to those who watched videos of urban driving experiences. The study suggests nature can have a calming effect on drivers.
Black bears in urban areas are spending less time hunting and more time eating human trash. The study found that these bears are becoming overweight and less active due to increased availability of food sources like garbage. Local ordinances can help mitigate conflicts by mandating bear-proof garbage containers.
A study found a significant positive association between cardiovascular disease deaths and air pollutants in Athens, Greece, with a 10-mg/m3 increase in black smoke linked to a 4% increase in CVD deaths. High carbon monoxide levels also showed a strong correlation with increased heart disease risk.
A team-based intervention program improved blood pressure control rates among hypertensive African-American men, with 44% of participants achieving control compared to 17% at baseline. The study dispels the myth that underserved African-Americans are hard to include in clinical trials.
Researchers found that a comprehensive healthcare team approach improved hypertension control among 309 African American young men. The intervention showed positive outcomes, including decreased smoking and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.
The Rutgers-led MetroMath project aims to develop effective instructional strategies and leverage existing resources to improve math education in urban schools. The center will offer graduate-level seminars, mentored internships, and professional development programs for over 300 teachers.
Researchers investigated the impact of a building demolition on air quality and found that airborne dust concentrations were extremely high in immediate vicinity and downwind areas. Spectators are advised to stay upwind and indoors to avoid exposure to high levels of particulate matter.
A University of Minnesota study suggests a decline in US trans-fatty acid consumption is contributing to lower rates of coronary heart disease. The findings come as food manufacturers are required to disclose trans-fatty acid amounts on nutrition labels.