Articles tagged with Urban Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers will monitor elderly individuals with existing heart disease to see how daily air pollution levels impact their ailments. The study aims to find an association between ultrafine particles and the severity of heart disease, which could lead to better air pollution regulations and improved medical treatment.
A study by Ohio University researchers found that college students' attitudes towards online apparel shopping are shaped by factors like easy-to-navigate websites, secure transactions, and hassle-free returns. Despite being in rural or urban areas, most students intended to shop online for apparel products.
Black bears in urban areas are spending less time hunting and more time eating human trash. The study found that these bears are becoming overweight and less active due to increased availability of food sources like garbage. Local ordinances can help mitigate conflicts by mandating bear-proof garbage containers.
Researchers found that viewers of a scenic parkway video scored lower on a test of frustration and worked almost a minute longer on an unsolvable anagram puzzle compared to those who watched videos of urban driving experiences. The study suggests nature can have a calming effect on drivers.
A study found a significant positive association between cardiovascular disease deaths and air pollutants in Athens, Greece, with a 10-mg/m3 increase in black smoke linked to a 4% increase in CVD deaths. High carbon monoxide levels also showed a strong correlation with increased heart disease risk.
Researchers found that a comprehensive healthcare team approach improved hypertension control among 309 African American young men. The intervention showed positive outcomes, including decreased smoking and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.
A team-based intervention program improved blood pressure control rates among hypertensive African-American men, with 44% of participants achieving control compared to 17% at baseline. The study dispels the myth that underserved African-Americans are hard to include in clinical trials.
The Rutgers-led MetroMath project aims to develop effective instructional strategies and leverage existing resources to improve math education in urban schools. The center will offer graduate-level seminars, mentored internships, and professional development programs for over 300 teachers.
Researchers investigated the impact of a building demolition on air quality and found that airborne dust concentrations were extremely high in immediate vicinity and downwind areas. Spectators are advised to stay upwind and indoors to avoid exposure to high levels of particulate matter.
A University of Minnesota study suggests a decline in US trans-fatty acid consumption is contributing to lower rates of coronary heart disease. The findings come as food manufacturers are required to disclose trans-fatty acid amounts on nutrition labels.
Families moving from high-poverty neighborhoods to lower-income areas saw significant improvements in mental health, with reduced symptoms of distress and depression. The study found no such benefits for those staying in public housing in very poor neighborhoods.
A major study in India found that smoking causes half the tuberculosis deaths among men, with most cases linked to respiratory disease. The research highlights the deadly risks of tobacco use and emphasizes the need for proper treatment and prevention measures.
The study found that superintendents face barriers to reform due to micromanaging school boards, inflexible unions, and pressure groups. To improve student performance, districts need clearer authority to hire, fire, and adjust teachers, reconfigure bad schools, and adjust curricula.
A recent study found that 15% of African-American youths at risk of dropping out of school reported carrying a gun, with regular carriers more likely to be involved in selling drugs or fighting. The study suggests that carrying a gun may indicate a more serious pattern of behavior, rather than just another risk factor.
Low health-related quality of life scores among urban children could impact their educational success. The study found an association between health-related quality of life and school connectedness, suggesting that programs addressing mental and physical health needs can improve perceptions.
Adolescents who viewed religion as meaningful and a way to cope with problems were half as likely to use drugs. The effect was consistent across different ethnic groups, suggesting that religiosity provides a buffering impact against substance use.
A University of California, Irvine study found that sea-salt chlorine reactions can raise ozone levels by up to 10% in Southern California smog. This could lead to increased pollution in coastal regions, with predicted ozone levels exceeding national standards on certain days.
A comprehensive study of 2,881 gay men in major US cities found that domestic violence is an equal opportunity epidemic, with HIV-positive individuals and younger men disproportionately affected. The research highlights the need for improved support systems and training for medical professionals to address male-male domestic violence.
A recent study reveals that the global housing boom is driven by a trend of smaller households, leading to increased resource use and habitat loss. The researchers analyzed demographic data from the United Nations and found that the growth in new housing units worldwide exceeds population growth, particularly in biodiversity hotspots.
A community-based care model has been shown to be effective in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in resource-poor nations. The study found that 83% of patients who completed at least four months of therapy had probable cures, exceeding the best reported U.S. cure rate.
A new Center for Health Disparities Solutions will bring together resources from Johns Hopkins and Morgan State University to conduct research, training, and interventions to address health disparities. The center plans to educate participants on conducting research on disparities and establish connections with healthcare advocacy groups.
A recent study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that transit employees with heavier weekly drinking rates were more likely to experience trauma on the job. The study suggests that off-the-job drinking can have costly impacts for workers and transit agencies, highlighting the importance of considering fact...
A recent study found that the suicide attempt rate is high among urban gay men, with younger generations experiencing earlier attempts. Researchers attribute this trend to increased anti-gay harassment and lack of social support among young LGBTQ+ individuals.
A new longitudinal study examines the drinking habits of 450 lesbians in Chicago, comparing them to a larger sample of heterosexual women. The research aims to identify factors that increase or buffer lesbians' risk for alcohol-related problems.
A survey of over 1,750 inner-city teenagers found that education and job opportunities were top priorities for achieving a positive future. The study suggests that focusing on protective factors such as education, jobs, and adult connections can help mitigate the negative effects of urban poverty.
A study by Timothy Sullivan found that homeless urban Guatemalan street children have a similar average body mass index (BMI) to American children, suggesting better health and survival rates despite harsh conditions. The research challenges previous assumptions about the negative impact of homelessness on child health.
A study found that 43% of rural HIV-positive participants engage in elevated risk for transmitting their infection, often due to depression, stress, and lack of access to HIV-prevention programs. Many residents are isolated by the stigma of their illness and lack information about the dangers of unprotected sex.
A study found suicide rates are three times higher in rural areas than urban environments and 25% more common in women than men in China. Suicide accounted for 19% of all deaths among people aged 15-34 years, making it the leading cause of death in this age group.
Researchers found that Hispanics are increasingly targeted due to language barriers and stereotyping. The team developed educational materials, including a photographic storybook and videos, to educate people about ways to reduce crime victimization.
A recent study found that 10 million Americans meet criteria for serious mental illness, with 62.8% receiving no stable treatment from a professional. Psychological barriers such as lack of confidence in treatment and stigma play a significant role in preventing individuals from seeking help.
The Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center is studying the effects of lifestyle interventions such as stretching, breathing exercises, and yoga on managing asthma symptoms. Asthma affects approximately 12 million American adults, resulting in significant healthcare costs.
Researchers found four characteristics independently associated with recent overdoses in a San Francisco Bay Area population: homelessness, lengthy prison sentences, and sex work. Targeted interventions to decrease overdose risk are urgently needed, according to the study's lead author.
Residents from rural areas are less likely to receive preventive health services compared to urban residents, largely due to limited access to healthcare facilities, specialists, and insurance. Cultural factors such as traditional values and reluctance to seek medical care may also contribute to this disparity.
Research found workplaces open late on Saturdays and with only male employees or black/Asian workers have increased risk of on-site killings. Limitations include lack of data on personal characteristics or behaviors contributing to workplace homicide.
Two studies suggest that environment plays a significant role in whether youth benefit from sports participation. In one study, urban youth showed positive influences on self-esteem and social competence, while rural African American girls found sports involvement may increase delinquent behaviors and substance use. The findings highli...
A nationwide study by Ohio State University found that ozone concentrations in US cities are primarily influenced by external factors such as construction and road intersections. The study revealed a positive correlation between public transportation use and reduced ozone levels, as well as the importance of preserving green space in d...
A study published in JAMA found that insured homeless people are more likely to access outpatient care and adhere to medication regimens than their uninsured counterparts. The researchers identified factors associated with healthcare use, including sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, mental health, and substance abuse.
A University of Michigan study found that men living in urban areas were 62% more likely to die than those in suburbs or rural areas. The excess mortality risk was most significant for infections and tumors, suggesting exposure to hazardous urban environments and stress.
A study by University of Toronto professor Shelley Peterson found that students perceive male authors as more competent if their stories are descriptive and well-written, while female authors are viewed as more capable if they write about relationships or emotional themes. This perceived incompetence can have long-term implications on ...
A UCSF study reveals that many California communities face a significant dentist shortage, particularly in rural and urban areas. The report highlights the need for increased access to dental care, especially for vulnerable populations.
A Vanderbilt University study found high bacterial levels in Nashville runoff from pets and urban wildlife, contradicting the assumption that human waste is the primary source. The research suggests that animal wastes can taint fresh streams and rivers, killing aquatic life.
Research suggests that strong traditional values among Southern Black women may be a key factor in lower smoking rates among African-Americans. The study found that Black adults in the non-urban South had the lowest smoking prevalence rates, with 11% of those aged 18-24 living smoke-free. This trend holds true for Southern Black women ...
A University of Iowa study found that nearly 70% of older Iowans received the flu vaccine, but only about half got the pneumococcal vaccine. The researchers identified factors such as age, marital status, and access to healthcare as associated with vaccination rates.
A University of Toronto study found the chance of needing a second operation following primary knee replacement surgery was between four and eight percent, half the rate expected by family doctors and rheumatologists. Younger patients with active lifestyles and those living in urban centers had slightly higher risks of follow-up surgery.
A NASA study led by Dr. Dale Quattrochi found that Atlanta's urban expansion creates a unique heat island effect, influencing local weather patterns and air quality. The study revealed that this phenomenon can lead to increased ozone production and thunderstorms due to the interaction between warm air and surrounding areas.
Researchers have found that incineration of solid waste has been the dominant source of atmospheric lead to the New York City metropolitan area, contradicting current mainstream thinking. The study also suggests that solid waste combustion may contribute to other atmospheric pollutants.
A study by UCSF found that many HIV-positive injection drug users are not receiving protease inhibitors despite their availability, with 21% unaware of their status and only 14% still taking the medication. Common obstacles include homelessness, fear, and lack of access to healthcare services.
A NASA image reveals the significant impact of urbanization on Sacramento's city temperature, with buildings reaching up to 140 degrees F. The study emphasizes the importance of urban forests in regulating city temperatures and suggests that their extent and arrangement play a crucial role in mitigating heat island effects.
Studies reveal that patients are more likely to discontinue protease inhibitors due to side effects and complexity of dosing regimen. Additionally, certain groups such as women, minorities, and those with less education are underrepresented in receiving potent drug cocktails containing protease inhibitors.
A University of Toronto report suggests charging drivers for environmental damage caused by their cars can encourage sustainable transportation habits. The study found that combining increased prices with better urban planning led to the most significant changes in driving behavior and fuel emissions.
Research finds that areas with trees and grass support creative forms of play and encourage adult supervision, leading to improved child development.
A study found that older women, especially minorities, get the fewest mammograms due to fears of finding a lump and erroneous beliefs about breast cancer. Tailoring messages to address these concerns can encourage more women to undergo screening.
Scientists are studying the Hayward Fault, South Bay Stepover, and Loma Prieta to better understand their movement patterns. They found that some portions of the fault have locked up, leading to unrelieved stress at greater depths, while others exhibit complex creeping behavior.
A study found that only 5% of rural adults seeking treatment for illegal drug use have adequate resources. Rural drug users often hesitate due to cost, lack of insurance, and concerns about maintaining anonymity at treatment centers. This gap highlights the need for targeted interventions in rural areas.
A new study shows that nearly half of rural eastern US sites would not meet the new ozone standard, posing health risks to residents. The researchers argue that a regional approach is needed to address rural air pollution, requiring cooperation among states and communities.
A new study by Cornell University found that nonwhites, especially in NYC, are more likely to live in structurally inadequate and overcrowded housing. The study analyzed data from seven metropolitan areas, including NYC, and found significant racial disparities in housing quality.
A University of Washington study found that patients of certified nurse-midwives used 12% fewer resources than those of physicians, with lower rates of continuous fetal monitoring and epidural anesthesia. Midwives also delivered babies with a lower Caesarean-section rate compared to obstetricians.
A new study by UNC-CH found that most Hispanics are of Mexican descent and have already become U.S. citizens, with about 60% residing in the urban crescent along Interstate 85. This trend, known as moving down the urban hierarchy, indicates a shift away from rural regions and coastal areas.
A study by the University of Illinois found that rural US counties gained greater access to computer networks and digital hardware between 1986 and 1992. Fiber optic mileage in the US multiplied twentyfold during this period, indicating a wider dissemination of digital technology.
The U.S. Geological Survey detected MTBE in urban stormwater samples from 16 cities, with concentrations below the EPA's health advisory limit. In New England, MTBE was detected in 24% of ground-water samples, also at low levels.