Astronomers have observed a rare phenomenon of two supernovas occurring simultaneously in the same galaxy, with implications for our understanding of galaxy mergers. The high frequency of supernovas in NGC 1316 suggests that massive star formation may be driving this activity.
Male chimpanzees show a preference for mating with older females, a stark contrast to human behavior where younger females are often preferred. This finding suggests that long-term pair bonding and menopause may have evolved in the human lineage after diverging from chimpanzees.
A systematic review of HIV medication adherence factors reveals common barriers in both developed and developing countries, as well as unique challenges in resource-constrained settings. Facilitators of adherence include having a sense of self-worth, simplicity of regimens, and reminder tools, but no such facilitators were identified i...
A study by Group Health found that panic episodes in diabetic patients are linked to poorer health outcomes, including higher blood sugar levels and greater disability. The researchers also discovered that half of the patients with panic also had major depression.
The Carnegie Institution has been granted a patent for the manufacture of hard, single-crystal diamonds through a Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD) process. The inventors' work has led to diamonds with increased hardness and enhanced optical characteristics.
Researchers at Einstein and U. Albany will create a microchip to detect metastatic cells in human tumors, enabling more aggressive cancer therapy. The project aims to improve understanding of tumor microenvironments and cancer spread.
Researchers found that touch tracking bypasses the brain's cognitive system, allowing participants to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. This breakthrough could help individuals with coordination problems improve their hand movements.
A review of 290 studies found that women are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD despite males experiencing more traumatic events on average. Women's higher PTSD rates were linked to sexual trauma and emotional responses to traumatic events.
Researchers have discovered that female wasps release a potent gas when losing fights over larvae, which could help control crop-destroying pests. This finding has great potential for applied spin-offs in biological control.
Researchers at the University of Utah have demonstrated a way to read data stored in the magnetic spins of phosphorus atoms, a major obstacle for building a particular kind of quantum computer. This breakthrough could lead to the development of superfast computers based on quantum physics.
A study by Harvard Medical School researchers found that a gene called 'fruitless' is responsible for sex-specific behaviors in fruit flies, including fighting patterns. The findings provide a new model for understanding the biology of aggression and its neural circuitry.
A new optical imaging technique called OFDI can visualize broad areas of the esophagus and coronary arteries, allowing for early-stage disease diagnosis. The technique could identify precancerous lesions and vulnerable plaques in the coronary arteries.
A research team at the Salk Institute has successfully regenerated a wing in a chick embryo by activating Wnt signaling, a powerful system controlling vertebrate regeneration. The study opens up new areas of research into the ability of stem cells to build new human body tissues and parts.
A $525,000 NSF CAREER grant will help faculty and graduate students develop skills for interdisciplinary research, a growing necessity in complex technological challenges. The project will survey 1,000 faculty and 1,250 students across 20 disciplines to develop assessment tools and strategies.
A weeklong intervention in schools reduced adolescents' inclination to drink by teaching them critical thinking skills and strategies to question alcohol ads. The program, led by Penn State's Marvin E. Goldberg, equipped students with persuasion knowledge and processed advertising messages.
Researchers have found that the experimental drug ABT-737 can destroy AML blast, progenitor and stem cells, potentially providing a new way to treat cancer. Combining ABT-737 with another agent may overcome resistance and improve treatment outcomes.
Morgan argues that legislators should impose regulations to prevent the construction of long-lived conventional coal plants. The US electricity industry plans to build 154 new plants in the next 24 years, with 50 slated for construction within five years.
The authors argue that with collective pension and health insurance programs in place, individuals can avert poor health, finances, and employer age discrimination. Aging Nation offers a new aging policy framework based on the interconnectedness of lives across generations.
A new research tool developed by Susan Liebman may provide a means for treating the earliest stage of Alzheimer's disease. The yeast model system detects A-beta small aggregate formation, allowing for high-throughput screening of compounds to inhibit aggregation.
A UGA professor studied the origins of Calories, a unit measuring food energy. He found that there is controversy about who invented the Calorie, with different sources citing Frenchmen P.A. Favre and J.T. Silbermann, German physician Julius Mayer, and French chemist Nicholas Clement as contributors to its development.
A retrospective study of 33,000 women with osteoporosis found that Actonel significantly reduced the risk of hip fractures compared to alendronate. The results showed a 46% lower incidence of hip fractures at six months and a 43% reduction at 12 months.
Scientists from the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School have developed an approach to investigate ocean reefs, which are considered the core of most living organisms. The new study has shed light on how stromatolites form and offers a new way to explore the origins of these living records.
Long-term Fosrenol treatment improves bone formation and reduces phosphorus levels in CKD stage 5 patients, according to a two-year study. The reformulated tablets also demonstrate efficacy as monotherapy for controlling serum phosphorus levels.
Michael Hernandez, a junior at University of Miami, won Outstanding Student Poster in geosciences category at SACNAS national conference. His research compared CHAMP radio occultations with global model forecasts during the 2005 hurricane season.
A study published in Nature demonstrated TB4's ability to regenerate coronary vessels in mice, a finding that could lead to new treatments for human heart disease. TB4 may prevent loss of heart muscle cells and restore blood flow, providing a much-needed treatment modality.
Researchers propose that natural selection drives the evolution of cancer, with tumor cells constantly evolving through mutation and selection. This understanding could lead to new therapeutic strategies, such as targeting benign cells to outcompete malignant ones.
A multicenter pilot study found that structured physical activity improved physical functioning in sedentary elderly individuals. Participants who exercised regularly showed significant improvements in walking distance and reduced risk of major mobility disability.
Researchers found that diastolic heart failure patients have severely reduced exercise tolerance despite normal leg blood flow, suggesting other factors such as muscle oxygen use contribute to symptoms. The study suggests targeting these additional factors could help develop effective treatments for this common form of heart failure.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have characterized a component of the SARS virus that will be the target of new anti-SARS drugs. By determining the concentration at which individual proteinase molecules form active dimers, scientists can search for compounds that bind to the active form of the enzyme.
Dr. Liana Talaue-McManus and Dr. John W. McManus, researchers at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School, were named Associates of the World Technology Network for their innovative work in marine science and technology.
Scientists discover that the structure of the bases, rather than the backbone, is critical in developing genetic material. They created molecules with alternative bases and found that only one pair was strong enough to form specific base pairs.
The Woodruff Foundation is contributing $261.5 million to support Emory University's modernization of outpatient care facilities and strategic priorities. The gift includes funds for a new Emory Clinic complex, renovation of administrative buildings, and investment in initiatives related to the university's vision.
Researchers at UCI found that cholinergic neuronal circuits rely on neurotrophin-3 to recognize and reach target nerve cells in the brain. This discovery may lead to potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease by inducing nerve fibers to regrow in the cerebral cortex.
A team of researchers, led by Lehigh University's Volkmar Dierolf, has received a $1.2-million grant to study the nanostructure of ferroelectric domains. They aim to image and control these domains at the nanoscale to engineer devices.
A new UCLA study found that pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomies can be safely discharged after a short post-operative recovery period at an outpatient surgery center. The study, which reviewed nearly 800 patient records, showed no increased complications with average discharge times of 1 hour and 47 minutes.
A Mayo Clinic review found that gene expression profiling has limitations in predicting lung cancer prognosis, with conventional methods remaining more accurate. Despite promising results, the technology's accuracy varies greatly among studies, and its clinical relevance is unclear.
Rice University chemists have successfully created and grown carbon nanotube seeds, which can be used to produce large quantities of pure nanotubes. The breakthrough offers significant potential for various materials applications, including energy storage and electronics.
Two studies by Rhode Island Hospital confirm the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in patients with heart disease. The studies found that DES are as safe as bare metal stents, with lower rates of repeat procedures and mortality rates comparable to BMS.
Dr. Charles Bostater's grant will develop an interdisciplinary curriculum focusing on remote sensing systems and robotic platforms, including detection of unexploded ordnance and humanitarian de-mining in marine environments. Selected students from US and European universities will receive stipends to travel to international institutions.
Margaret Chan takes over as WHO Director-General on January 4, 2007, with a daunting task of prioritizing programs amidst widespread failures in malaria, tuberculosis, HIV-AIDS, child mortality, and maternal health. The Lancet Editorial highlights her need to create an operational team that commands confidence from member states.
Research by University of Minnesota professor Kathleen Vohs finds that exposure to money motivates individuals to achieve their own goals, leading to increased self-sufficiency. Conversely, it also negatively impacts behavior towards others, causing people to become less helpful and more stand-offish.
Professor Steven Savitz, a champion of web conferencing and online teaching quality, won the USDLA's Bronze Prize for Best Practices. His three-year study found that faculty with deep online experience can significantly increase student positive response.
Researchers at UCLA and Rutgers University have solved the mystery of DNA transcription, revealing a new mechanism involving the 'scrunching' of DNA during transcription. The discovery could lead to breakthroughs in combating bacterial diseases that kill millions worldwide.
The African-American community is facing a disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS, with over half of all new diagnoses among this group. The National Minority AIDS Council recommends five policy solutions to address this disparity, including eliminating stigma against black MSM and reducing the role of injection drug use in sustaining the...
New data shows significant improvement in core symptoms of ADHD with guanfacine extended release, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The medication was well-tolerated with mild or moderate side effects.
Researchers found that island lizards' hind legs shifted from longer to shorter limbs in just six months, favoring survival in a new predatory environment. This rapid evolution highlights the importance of behavioral flexibility in driving evolutionary changes.
A new study found that money brings about self-sufficiency, allowing people to work harder and independently, but also making them less socially insensitive. The researchers discovered that subtle reminders of money led to participants working longer without asking for help and being less helpful towards others.
A Mayo Clinic study found a significant association between rheumatoid arthritis and chronic lung diseases, with cumulative incidence rates increasing over time. The study followed 603 patients with RA for up to 30 years, revealing higher rates of obstructive lung disease and diffuse parenchymal infiltrative lung disease.
The publication provides news and information about grid computing projects and collaborations worldwide, highlighting the use of grid technology in scientific research. International Science Grid This Week is a collaboration between Open Science Grid and Enabling Grids for E-sciencE projects.
Researchers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope found dark energy was present and accelerating the universe's expansion at least 9 billion years ago. This discovery provides a crucial clue to understanding dark energy's strength and permanence.
U of MN researchers have shown that early brain development is tied to the severity of adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases like spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. The study suggests doctors may be able to target treatment to coincide with critical times in development.
A cohort study of over 2,000 Air Force veterans found that dioxin exposure was associated with a lower incidence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and decreased testosterone levels. The study suggests a link between dioxin exposure and endocrine disturbances in the male reproductive system.
A survey of over 700 family doctors found that nearly two-thirds provide PSA tests on request, despite lack of evidence supporting its effectiveness. The study highlights the need for better training and targeted guidance to influence testing patterns and improve patient outcomes.
A phase I clinical trial found that Shire's investigational drug SPD465 was bioequivalent to a combination of ADDERALL XR and mixed amphetamine salts immediate release. This suggests that SPD465 could offer full-day symptom control for adults with ADHD, potentially eliminating the need for augmenting long-acting stimulant medications.
A University of Wisconsin-Madison team developed a map that incorporates environmental and human factors to pinpoint areas most vulnerable to devastating wildfires. The map highlights the critical role humans play in causing fires, particularly near wildland-urban interfaces.
A new study from the University of Michigan Health System suggests that hormone therapy may help retain certain memory functions in postmenopausal women. The research found increased brain activity in the prefrontal cortex of participants taking combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy, compared to those on placebo.
A Rutgers College of Nursing professor is testing a 12-week home-based exercise intervention program to improve physical functioning in older adults with CKD. The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of this program for a larger clinical trial and address the lack of targeted physical activity interventions for this population.
A 25-year meta-analysis of 29 double-blind studies involving nearly 4,500 children with ADHD found that stimulant medications produced larger effect sizes than non-stimulants. The study suggests that amphetamine- and methylphenidate-based stimulants are more effective treatments for ADHD symptoms.
New research suggests that beta-agonist medications used in asthma treatment can increase type 2 T cell accumulation, potentially worsening related diseases. The study's findings highlight the need for anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in moderate to severe asthma treatment.
The study found a potential increased risk of cardiovascular events among elderly individuals taking naproxen, while celecoxib showed no significant risk. The results contribute to the larger body of evidence on the safety of these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.