Research finds that a baby-faced CEO is perceived as more honest in minor crises but not in serious ones. The 'baby-face effect' is unconscious and can be overcome by showing alternative images.
Researchers at the Burnham Institute have demonstrated successful enzyme replacement therapy to prevent hypophosphatasia in mice, paving the way for future clinical trials. The treatment maintains healthy bone mineral density and preserves skeletal structures, offering new hope for patients with this genetic disorder.
A growing number of 'pseudoepidemics' of false-positives for TB are occurring in the US Army due to universal testing with an inaccurate TST. The problem is most prevalent in regions with high TB rates, such as Iraq and Afghanistan.
A new study found that whole milk is just as effective as a diluted barium suspension in imaging the gastrointestinal tract via CT scans. The study also revealed that whole milk was less expensive, had better patient acceptance, and fewer adverse symptoms compared to the barium suspension.
Researchers at MIT create a membrane that can absorb up to 20 times its weight in oil, and can be recycled for future use. The oil itself can also be recovered, making it an important tool in the cleanup of oil spills.
Maarten Schmidt's discovery of high redshifts in quasar 3C273 led to a new understanding of quasars as compact halos surrounding massive black holes. He shares the award with Donald Lynden-Bell for their contributions to astrophysics.
Dr. Joan M. Centrella and Dr. John G. Baker received the John C. Lindsay Memorial Award for their pioneering computer simulations of black hole mergers, a crucial step towards understanding cosmic evolution. The simulations have spurred rapid progress in predicting observable signatures of these events.
Nautilus pompilus demonstrated short-term memory lasting up to an hour before fading away, but remembering it again after 6 hours. The living fossil's memory was comparable to that of modern cephalopods, challenging the assumption that complex brains are necessary for memory.
A study found that people with nonfamilial schizophrenia harbor eight times more spontaneous mutations than healthy controls, primarily affecting brain development pathways. This suggests that rare genetic variations contribute to the vulnerability of individuals without a family history of the illness.
New research reveals that overheating and thermal stress can contribute to the development of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The study, led by Dr. Shabih Hasan, found that increased ambient temperatures, smoking during pregnancy, and exposure to cigarette smoke can all increase the risk of SIDS.
A lifestyle intervention trial will determine optimal ways to translate research-developed programs to real-life settings in Chennai, India. The study aims to promote health behaviors, improved diet, weight loss, and increased physical activity to prevent diabetes in those at risk.
A study by Columbia University Irving Medical Center researchers has identified rare spontaneous copy number mutations in the genomes of individuals with schizophrenia, accounting for at least 10% of non-familial cases. These genetic mutations were found to be present in affected individuals but not in their biological parents.
Scientists have identified a genetic mutation responsible for impaired fetal movement, which can lead to multiple miscarriages and birth defects. The mutation affects the acetylcholine receptor pathway, disrupting normal muscle function and fetal development.
A new study by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigated the dietary accumulation, elimination, and toxicity of fluorescent quantum dots in a simplified food chain. The researchers found that while the nanomaterials were transferred across the food chain, they did not accumulate in higher organisms.
A £1.2 million clinical trial is being conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with depression who do not respond to treatment with antidepressants.
A pivotal Phase III clinical trial demonstrated that rivaroxaban was superior in preventing venous blood clots in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Rivaroxaban provided a statistically significant 31% relative risk reduction in total venous thromboembolism events compared to enoxaparin.
A clinical trial compares Aqua-Lyte, a zero-calorie hydration beverage, to a leading sugar/calorie-containing sports drink. Subjects who consumed Aqua-Lyte showed similar hydration effects to the comparison beverage, but with no discomfort or bloating.
A team of researchers at Thomas Jefferson University and Ohio State University Medical Center has identified a specific gene signature profile associated with metastasis. This signature is composed mainly of overexpressed microRNAs and may represent a new approach for diagnosing metastatic cancer.
Scientists found that tree canopy levels affect nitrogen fixation rates in feather mosses, regulating forest productivity and carbon consumption. High nitrogen deposition from pollution reduces moss nitrogen fixation rates.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that consumers with highly developed emotional sensibilities are better at making product choices. The authors developed a scale to assess consumer emotional ability, which predicts overeating and other unhealthy behaviors.
A new study found that the prevalence of pre-cancerous masses in the colon is similar between average-risk patients aged 40-49 and 50-59. This suggests that colon cancer screening may be feasible at an earlier age, potentially reducing incidence and saving lives.
Fishing on drifting fish aggregation devices (FADs) poses a significant threat to the survival of tropical tuna, especially juveniles. Studies have shown that FAD-associated tuna feed less well and have lower plumpness than those caught from free schools.
Scientists have identified p16 as a gene that accelerates cellular aging, while p19 slows it down. The study sheds light on the development of aging-related characteristics such as loss of muscle mass and cataracts.
Researchers presented promising results for OncoVEXGM-CSF in treating metastatic melanoma, achieving treatment success in 32% of patients. Additionally, studies on robotic prostatectomy found excellent cancer control outcomes with disease-free survival rates at 21 months. The association between obesity and microvascular invasion was a...
The AGA Foundation has awarded $225,000 to seven young gastroenterologists to support their research over three years. The goal is to encourage young investigators and improve patient care through digestive diseases research.
Researchers found that sirolimus can help protect against rejection in non-compliant kidney transplant patients, potentially extending their organ's lifespan. The study used an assay to measure immune function at 'trough' levels of immunosuppressive drugs.
Researchers at OHSU Cancer Institute found that Sagopilone, a novel chemo drug, significantly reduced PSA levels and showed positive results in some cases of advanced prostate cancer. The study involved men with androgen-independent prostate cancer that has metastasized.
Spider silk exhibits different mechanical properties based on its amino acid composition, with proline-rich silks behaving like rubber bands and low-proline silks acting as rigid springs. The presence of proline affects the silk's hydration level, causing some silks to shrink and swell more than others.
Recent studies have shown that rotigotine skin patches can effectively treat restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms even during the day and night. The trials found significant improvements in patient symptoms, with 75% of patients rating their treatment as good or very good. No notable augmentation of RLS symptoms was observed.
Researchers at Yale University have successfully cleared up Alzheimer's plaques in mice by blocking a common immune system response, enabling treated mice to recover lost memory. The breakthrough could one day lead to the development of new dementia medications that can safely cross the blood-brain barrier.
Research shows that watching sexy videos or handling lingerie increases desire for immediate rewards, even in financial decisions. Men who touch bras or look at pictures of beautiful women seek immediate satisfaction.
The report found that nearly 60% of employers do not insure dependent children over age 18 or 19, and two-thirds of young adults without coverage go without needed healthcare due to cost. Extending Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility beyond age 18 could cover up to 7.6 million uninsured young adults.
Researchers found that interrupting a signaling pathway in immune system cells opened the possibility of a new strategy against Alzheimer's disease. Immune cells from outside the brain devoured plaque deposits, reducing their numbers by up to 90 percent.
In a Phase II clinical trial, eribulin mesylate demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. The study showed an Overall Response Rate of 9.3% and a manageable tolerability profile with low incidence of Grade 3 and 4 neuropathy.
Researchers have developed artificial viruses that can transport genes and drugs into cancer cells, eliminating immune responses and potential side effects. The viruses are self-assembled using a ribbon-like protein structure, allowing for precise control over their size and shape.
A study from Karolinska Institutet found that golfers have a lower death rate than non-golfers, with a 5-year increase in life expectancy. Golfing, especially with a low handicap, has beneficial health effects.
A team of researchers has developed a range of sophisticated mathematical approaches to quantify soil variability across multiple scales. These methods include geostatistics, fractals, and multi-fractals, which can be applied to diverse data sets such as soil pore shapes, water content, and geochemical data.
A new study uses a graph-based approach to understand consumer preferences for over-the-counter pain relievers. The model identifies three distinct segments: price-conscious consumers, the athletic segment, and anti-medication users.
A recent study suggests that betting on NCAA basketball tournament or Oscar contests reduces people's enjoyment of the events. The researchers found that participants who made predictions actually enjoyed the event no more than those who were incorrect, highlighting the negative impact of anticipated regret.
A team of researchers from the University of Leeds has made a breakthrough in understanding finger clubbing by identifying its link to lung cancer. The team discovered that a genetic mutation prevents the breakdown of fatty compound PGE2, leading to swollen fingers and fingernails.
A novel method for measuring people's abilities to consider the consequences of their actions has been developed, with high scores associated with more consequence-related thoughts. Consumers who think about pros and cons before making decisions report improved health outcomes and better financial habits.
A research team led by UNC School of Public Health is investigating how interactive digital games can be designed to increase energy expenditure among young adults. The study aims to understand the impact of game design elements such as controller types, player perspective, and presence on players' motivation and physical activity.
A new study links smoking during pregnancy to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) with the strongest causal link yet. The research found that prenatal cigarette smoke exposure can increase the likelihood of gasp-like respiration and prolong breathing time after hypoxia, placing infants at higher risk for SIDS.