A new study found that cigarettes are contaminated with numerous human bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria may contribute to both infectious and chronic illnesses in smokers and secondhand smoke exposed individuals.
Researchers found that sounds presented during naps could guide rehearsal of specific information, strengthening spatial memories. The study suggests that deep sleep is a key time for memory processing, challenging the idea that memories are only processed during REM sleep.
A new study published in Science has found that a specific gene associated with schizophrenia plays a critical role in adaptive plasticity, the brain's ability to compensate for disruptions. The discovery suggests that impaired adaptive plasticity may contribute to the development or progression of schizophrenia.
Five ancient crocs, including BoarCroc and DuckCroc, have been discovered in the Sahara with unique features such as armored snouts and broad forebrains. The discovery provides insight into a previously unknown world of crocodilians that inhabited Gondwana 100 million years ago.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine studied 575 patients who underwent surgery and found no evidence of long-term cognitive decline. The study suggests that if older adults physically recover from surgery, they will return to their previous level of cognitive ability within six months or a year.
Researchers found search engines are used for fact-checking and supporting higher-level information needs, revealing a more complex role in learning. Their study suggests design improvements for search engines can better address users' cognitive and affective aspects.
Researchers have confirmed Homo floresiensis as a distinct species using statistical analysis on skeletal remains, rejecting the theory that it was a diseased sub-population of healthy humans. The study reveals unique anatomy that differs from modern humans and other primate species.
A mathematical model explains how male mosquitoes can hear the faintest beats of a female's wings while resisting loud noises. The model reveals that scolopidia located toward the tip of Johnston's organ contribute to mechanical amplification.
Researchers found that children whose mothers had more depressive symptoms experienced more frequent asthma symptoms, while those with fewer depressive symptoms had less frequent symptoms. The study suggests maternal depression is an independent risk factor for childhood asthma symptoms.
A team of researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute has developed a new model system to study fungal infections. The system can be used to identify promising targets for anti-fungal drugs, potentially leading to effective treatments for conditions like thrush and athlete's foot.
A study led by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers reveals that the decline of iconic ice age animals like mammoths and mastodons preceded a dramatic shift in North America's plant communities, fueled by wildfires. The research sheds light on the dynamics of extinction and its impact on landscapes.
The PLoS Genetics special collection presents groundbreaking research on maize genome architecture, revealing new insights into centromeres, transposons, microRNAs, and more. The studies also explore the role of copy number variation and presence/absence variation in shaping maize phenotypes.
Researchers have discovered genetic clues that enable scientists to tailor corn plants for specific traits, such as high protein content for human consumption or high glucose content for biomass fuel. The findings could lead to higher yield or improved quality crops with reduced environmental impact.
Researchers at UAB have discovered the genetic identity of a cellular receptor for the immune system's first-response antibody, shedding light on infection control and immune disorders. The discovery proposes renaming the gene linked to this receptor to better describe its role in early immune responses.
The Dana Foundation's new book Neuroeducation: Learning, Arts, and the Brain focuses on the intersection of cognitive neuroscience and education. The book explores ways to integrate arts into learning, citing challenges and potential solutions from education experts.
Researchers have identified and characterized new antioxidant compounds in foods like olive oil, honey, and walnuts. These phenolic compounds have high antioxidant power and influence the organoleptic properties of food, potentially preventing diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Leaf-cutter ants cultivate fungus for food and depend on nitrogen-fixing bacteria to make their gardens grow. The partnership between ant and microbe permits leaf-cutters to be amazingly successful.
Researchers found that car brake particles can cause cellular stress and inflammation in lung cells, particularly with heavy braking. Brake wear particles contain metals like iron and copper, which can damage cell junctions through oxidative stress.
A study found that Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI) was more effective in reducing risky drinking among drivers with alcohol problems. The intervention led to significant declines in risky drinking and longer-lasting reductions compared to a control intervention.
A new trial study in Tomsk, Russia aims to integrate alcohol screening, treatment and referral into routine tuberculosis care. The study assesses the feasibility of delivering pharmacotherapy and behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorders alongside TB treatment, with promising results.
A new treatment route for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and its human form Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD) may be closer based on new findings from the University of Leeds. Glypican-1 has been shown to cause abnormal prion proteins to rise, and reducing levels in infected cells can lower their levels.
The maize genome is a complex sequence of DNA that has been analyzed using a unique optical mapping facility at UW-Madison. The research advances knowledge of corn's ancestry and guides breeders in extracting increased productivity from the crop.
The $40-million-per-year frog leg trade may be a significant contributor to the spread of amphibian chytrid, a fungus causing respiratory and neurological damage. The Smithsonian team's research highlights the need for improved monitoring and regulation of the trade to mitigate disease risks.
Researchers at USC's CRES are evaluating robots as exercise coaches for adults of all ages, particularly the elderly. The study examines how physical presence affects robotic exercise motivation in older subjects.
Researchers have successfully generated human epidermis from human embryonic stem cells, providing a potential unlimited resource for temporary skin replacement in patients with large burns. The skin substitute was shown to be functional and structurally consistent with human skin after just 12 weeks of grafting onto mice.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases commentary highlights the lack of understanding on influenza transmission and its impact on healthcare worker protection. The article emphasizes the importance of source control, personal protective equipment, and immune status in preventing H1N1 spread.
A new study using DTI found correlations between brain areas and mathematical ability in children with FASD. The left parietal area is crucial for math tasks, while other regions may be unique to FASD. This research sheds light on the cognitive deficits of FASD and may lead to better treatment.
Researchers have identified and grouped the genes responsible for cell wall development in maize, enabling better study of biomass production. The discovery expands their ability to discover ways to produce biomass suitable for biofuels production.
Income transfers have limited impact in eradicating poverty; human capital development key to progress, experts argue. Strengthening education and work incentives for low-wage workers can assist families living in poverty.
The Ohio Research Association for Public Health Improvement (RAPHI) aims to investigate how public health does what it does, with an initial focus on improving services using information technology. The RAPHI project will advance RWJF's efforts to enhance the evidence base for public health policy and practice.
Scientists at the University of Michigan have determined the atomic-level structure of a SEVI precursor and found it damages cell membranes to make them more vulnerable to HIV infection. The study provides insights into how SEVI interacts with cell membranes, which may help in developing new treatments for AIDS.
Research published in Genome Biology found that Mexicans prioritize partners with Native American and European ancestry, while Puerto Ricans prefer those with African and European heritage. Ancestry has a stronger influence on romance than previously thought, with non-random associations of genes across generations.
Ann Veneman's leadership at UNICEF has sparked a debate about her potential second term, with some praising her focus on child survival while others criticize her lack of field experience. The Lancet editor Dr. Richard Horton calls for a transparent, merit-based appointment process to select the next Executive Director.
Geochemists discovered that ancient nickel ore deposits were formed by sulfur in the anoxic oxygen-poor atmosphere billions of years ago. Sulfur atoms traveled from volcanic eruptions, atmosphere, seawater, and hot springs to form the ores.
Researchers found that a social-skills intervention called Children's Friendship Training can lead to a decrease in hostile attributions or perceptions of children with PAE. The study suggests that such interventions may improve their social skills and relationships, leading to better outcomes.
Researchers detected SARMs, such as Andarine, on the black market, raising concerns about their potential misuse in sports. The study highlights the need for early implementation of screening for emerging therapeutic compounds in sports drug testing.
Researchers developed a statistical technique to scan genomes for specific gene-regulatory regions without prior knowledge of transcription factors. The approach has been experimentally validated in mouse and fruit fly genomes.
A statistical analysis found that FDA review intervals for new drugs remained unchanged from 1997 to 2006, despite increased investment in information technology. The study analyzed data on three main categories of new drugs and found no statistically significant reduction in review times.
The completed corn genome, published in Science, contains 32,000 genes and will aid in breeding high-yield crops. The sequence, a significant achievement after years of research, offers insights into plant genetics and opens new avenues for crop improvement.
Researchers analyzed DNA sequences from two inbred corn strains and discovered significant differences, including the presence of unique stretches of genetic material. This diversity is believed to be behind hybrid vigor, which can improve crop traits such as protein content or biomass production.
A new meta-analysis shows that women who quit smoking and receive treatment for weight control are more successful at controlling their weight gain and quitting cigarettes. This finding disproves current clinical guidelines that recommend trying to diet while quitting smoking simultaneously.
A team of scientists led by Ross Hardison has made significant discoveries about the mechanisms of gene regulation in red blood cells. They found that transcription factor GATA-1 controls the expression of over 2,600 genes by binding to specific sites on DNA.
Researchers have identified thousands of diverse genes in genetically inaccessible portions of the maize genome using new techniques. This study provides a foundation for uniting breeding efforts across the world and dissecting complex traits through genomewide association studies.
The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center is part of a major digital data initiative to improve access to Earth's biota and environment data. Dozens of institutions partner to provide secure, permanent access to biological and earth sciences data.
Researchers discovered that high-dose laser therapy stimulates melanoma tumor growth and histological alterations in mouse models. This finding underscores the need for caution when using laser therapy for skin cancer treatment.
A new study of Antarctica's past climate suggests that temperatures during interglacial periods may have been up to 6°C warmer than the present day. This finding could help understand rapid Antarctic climate changes and their connection to greenhouse gases.
A study at Henry Ford Hospital found that robotic surgery is effective in removing uterine fibroids regardless of patient weight. Obesity was not shown to be a risk factor for poor surgical outcome, contradicting previous concerns.
Researchers from UA and collaborating institutions deciphered the complete genetic code of maize, providing a comprehensive foundation to systematically study maize biology. The achievement aims to breed higher yielding, disease-resistant, and drought-tolerant cultivars.
A genetic tool used to identify species in seafood has found that nearly a quarter of what was labeled as tuna on sushi menus contained bluefin or escolar, two highly endangered species. The research highlights the need for clearer labeling and regulation to prevent economic fraud and protect endangered populations.
Researchers apply aerospace principles to create a durable and efficient wave-energy system that can be placed anywhere in the ocean. The system effectively cancels incoming waves, capturing their energy while flattening them out.
A new study reveals that a high score on the 'scale of craving' and an antisocial personality type are major contributors to relapse in cocaine users. The researchers analyzed 38 patients seeking treatment for cocaine abuse, finding impulsiveness and desire for new sensations also linked to substance use.
Researchers at I-STEM Institute have made significant breakthrough in stem cell research by recreating a whole epidermis from human embryonic stem cells. The goal is to provide an unlimited resource of cells as an alternative treatment for victims of third-degree burns and patients with genetic diseases affecting the skin.
A new study found that publicly blaming others increases the likelihood of spreading blame, as individuals try to protect their egos. Blame creates a culture of fear, leading to negative outcomes in organizations.
A University of Florida researcher is developing a micro-endoscope that can inspect tissues beneath the surface, revealing abnormal cell groups or growth patterns before they form tumors. This technology has shown promising results in laboratory tests and could allow for earlier detection and more precise tumor removal.
A synthetic bone matrix offers hope for babies born with craniosynostosis by replacing fused bones and encouraging natural bone healing. The biodegradable implant could eliminate the need for multiple surgeries, resulting in improved developmental outcomes.
A large trial has shown that patients with specific genetic makeups do not respond differently to treatment for asthma, regardless of their genotype. The study found substantial improvements in airway function when patients received longacting β2 agonists plus moderate-dose inhaled corticosteroids.
A new study reveals that sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke in kidney transplant patients. The condition was found to be present in one in four individuals and more than doubled the risk of cardiovascular complications.
A new study found asthma to be a significant risk factor for severe disease in children with pandemic H1N1 compared to seasonal flu. Children with mild asthma also face risks and should be vaccinated for H1N1, according to researchers.
A new gene map has been developed to aid plant breeding efforts in maize, a major source of food and fuel worldwide. The map charts genetic diversity and recombination across the genome of 27 inbred lines, providing insights into complex traits.
The Spanish biotechnology industry should focus on the food and plant sectors to remain competitive. However, a study found that these sectors have less clout than English-speaking countries due to limited research and development investment. The sector's growth is hindered by high costs of developing new medicines.