Researchers found that infants can match emotions with probable causes and search for the cause when it's incongruent. They distinguished between five positive emotional expressions in tasks involving looking and searching behaviors.
Research reveals surprising patterns in letter orientation, favoring certain symmetries and angles, with no evidence of long-term evolution through cultural transformation or selection. The study analyzed over 100 scripts from around the world, finding that human cognitive preferences directly affect character shape.
A standardized eight-step ambulatory surgery care protocol reduced patients' postoperative pain and unplanned returns to the emergency room after surgery. The protocol emphasized patient preoperative education and preferential use of monitored anesthesia care, significantly reducing rates of unplanned visits.
A team of researchers has developed an injectable antimicrobial gel that could improve root canal treatment outcomes by providing sustained antimicrobial properties. The gel, which has been shown to have extended residual antibacterial properties, is biocompatible and has minimal toxic effects on stem cells.
A genetic rescue technique has increased population numbers and survival rates of the endangered mountain pygmy possum, with a rapid growth of over 200 individuals detected since its introduction in 2011. Habitat restoration, predator control, and environmental protection also played crucial roles in conservation management.
Researchers developed a new cache-management scheme that improves the data rate of in-package DRAM caches, reducing metadata transfer and increasing bandwidth. The 'Banshee' system adds three bits of data to each entry, enabling efficient storage and retrieval of frequently used data.
A Penn study found that Notch gene mutations drive expression of Myc and other genes in B-cell cancers, offering new insights into cancer growth and potential therapeutic targets. The research may lead to more effective treatment combinations by targeting Notch-Myc signaling pathways.
Researchers observed maternal responses to infant crying across 11 countries, finding common brain activity patterns in new mothers. The study suggests a neurobiological and evolutionary basis for the human maternal response to infant cries.
Two studies investigated clinicians' preparedness to give bad news, finding that only one-third have received formal training. Medical students receive less training than other professionals, but more experienced physicians compensate with better skills. The study also highlights the importance of communication training in delivering b...
A recent study by Saint Peter's University Hospital found that US resident physicians are unprepared to counsel patients on medical cannabis, citing concerns over safety and addiction potential. The study highlights the need for further education among resident physicians in this area.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University found that a mindfulness meditation mobile app with an acceptance training component reduces cortisol and systolic blood pressure in response to stress. The app was shown to lower blood pressure responses by approximately 20% and cortisol responses by more than 50%.
A new study by Nutrition Strategies Inc. found that sandwich ingredients, not the bread itself, are the most significant drivers of calories, fat and sodium in US children's diets. By building a better sandwich on either whole grain or enriched grain bread, American children can reduce their intake of these nutrients
A new analysis from the RAND Corporation estimates that biosimilar drugs could reduce healthcare spending in the US by $54 billion over the next decade. This is largely due to increased competition and regulatory changes, which will drive down prices and improve access to biologic drugs.
Researchers have developed a novel in vitro platform to analyze zebrafish oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which could lead to improved spinal cord repair in humans. The system allows for efficient and controlled analysis of these cells, enabling the study of their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes.
A retrospective observational study found that over 55% of hip fractures occurred during warm months, with the majority happening indoors. The most common reason for indoor fractures was tripping over an obstacle, such as throw rugs.
A new gene expression biomarker has been developed to diagnose prostate cancer type and aggressiveness, enabling clinicians to tailor treatment plans. The study found the diagnostic test to be more effective than standard clinical tests in predicting aggressive disease.
A study by Prof. Dr. Marlene Bartos and her team found that inhibiting circuits in the hippocampus create high-frequency brainwaves that support parallel processing and storage of information, a key mechanism for laying initial traces of memory.
Researchers found that semaglutide reduced hunger and cravings for food, leading to an average weight loss of 5kg (11lbs) from body fat. The study suggests the drug's potency is due to its action on appetite control receptors in the brain.
Scientists have discovered that T cell activation leads to a depletion of amino acids in the blood, which in turn affects neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, causing anxiety and fear responses. In mice without PD-1 receptor, they found behavioral changes dominated by anxiety and exacerbated fear responses.
Researchers created synthetic hydrogels that allowed human intestinal cells to grow and differentiate in a 3D environment, forming normal tissue structures. The hydrogels can be easily modified to support various cell types, offering a promising approach for treating gut injuries and potentially other organ damage.
Tropical Depression 27W continues to struggle south of Guam, with vertical wind shear pushing clouds and thunderstorms away from its center. The depression is expected to consolidate and strengthen as it moves into warmer waters.
Research reveals that humans systemically affected crop evolution up to 30,000 years ago, triggering domestication of rice, wheat, and barley. This discovery proves the existence of dense populations and challenges previous understanding of agriculture's origins.
Scientists at Yale University and international collaborators have developed new memsistor devices that can store information and regulate electrical current. The discovery offers great potential for applications in computing, particularly in neuromorphic and logic circuits.
A new study found substantial variability across US medical centers in diagnosing and treating disorders of sex development (DSD), with some institutions lacking specialist teams. Families often face difficult decisions about irreversible procedures, highlighting the need for improved guidelines and collaboration among providers.
Climate change is causing Native Americans in the Mississippi Delta to lose their homes and irreplaceable heritage. Rising sea levels and subsidence are transforming land into marshes, leaving narrow strands of land barely above muddy waters.
Red-toothed shrews experience a dramatic decrease in braincase size from summer to winter, with some organs even shrinking by 30%. This seasonal change may help them conserve energy during food scarcity.
Patients with advanced cancer experience frequent and prolonged hospitalizations, often due to moderate to severe fatigue, poor well-being, and depression. These symptoms are linked to longer hospital stays and a higher risk of unplanned hospital readmissions.
Using electronic health records, UCSF researchers mapped over 435,000 patient location changes and identified a critical CT scanner in the Emergency Department as a significant source of exposure-related C. diff infections. This analysis led to improved cleaning practices and bolstered infection prevention strategies.
Researchers have developed novel antimicrobial compounds that can treat multidrug-resistant bacteria, enhancing the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics. The combination of colistin and a manganese tricarbonyl complex showed significant antibacterial activity in killing multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Researchers led by Yasu Morita at UMass Amherst have characterized a protein involved in producing a glycolipid compound critical for TB-causing Mycobacterium to become infectious. The discovery provides insight into the disease's mechanisms and potential new drug targets.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that e-cigarette users who vaped with higher nicotine concentrations were more likely to use combustible cigarettes and experience intense vaping. The research suggests regulatory policies addressing nicotine concentration levels may affect progression of smoking and vaping among adolescents.
Researchers discovered a virus-like particle vaccine can prime the immune response and prevent severe respiratory disease caused by RSV vaccine. The study found immunizing mice with RSV fusion proteins before administering the FI-RSV vaccine prevented lung inflammation and eosinophil invasion.
A new study found that nearly 9% of bariatric surgical patients continue to use prescription opioids one year postoperatively, compared to 6% in general surgical populations. Surgeons must identify high-risk patients and adjust prescribing practices to prevent addiction.
The IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 drilled into the Chicxulub crater off Mexico's coast, uncovering key findings about the impact event. The expedition revealed details about peak-ring crater formation and the recovery of life within 30,000 years after the impact.
The study reveals that anomalous molecular motions in supercooled water lead to the breakdown of Stokes-Einstein behavior, with regions forming hydrogen bonds heterogeneously. The findings provide insights into the physical implications of this anomaly, which could help explain dynamic behaviors in glassy materials.
A study by Montefiore Medical Center found that wearing personalized numbered jerseys for code team members significantly increases overall teamwork performance during cardiac arrest. The Mayo Teamwork score was higher in the experimental group, and the percent of directed commands was also increased.
A recent study by Sjouke Kingma found that birds help other birds of the same species care for their offspring in exchange for future benefits, such as inheriting territory or creating an army of little helpers. This behavior challenges the traditional view that all creatures are selfish and maximizing their own reproductive success.
Scientists warn that saline lakes globally are in peril due to excessive water withdrawals and climate change, threatening wildlife habitats, industries, and human health. The Great Salt Lake has declined by approximately 11 feet and lost nearly 50% of its area over the last 160 years.
A new study estimates that future flood risk to New York City from tropical cyclones will be driven primarily by sea-level rise, with storm surges also playing a significant role. The researchers project mean overall flood heights to increase by 0.7-1.4 m by the end of the current century and 2.4-13 m by 2300.
Long-term statin use is associated with a 30% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in susceptible individuals, according to a large study. The findings held true regardless of the clinical criteria used to determine the need for treatment.
Researchers found that patients with acute kidney injury had higher VTE rates despite prophylaxis, highlighting the need for optimal heparin dosing in these cases. The study also showed that creatinine clearance was not associated with VTE rates when unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparins were given.
The Energy efficiency Data Portal & Protocol (EeDaPP) Initiative aims to create a standardized reporting template for loan-by-loan energy efficient mortgage assets. This will enable large-scale tracking of performance and facilitate earmarking for energy efficient bond issuance.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory and UConn have discovered a material with extraordinary 'bounce' or super-elastic shape-memory properties, exceeding 13% recoverable strain. This breakthrough could lead to innovative applications in outer space and other harsh environments.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered a protein called ISX that helps balance vitamin A metabolism in the gut. Without this protein, mice develop severe inflammation and become immunocompromised, highlighting the link between diet and inflammatory diseases.
IUPUI has received a $428,000 NSF grant to develop a novel educational program that enhances geosciences education and inspires students to address community problems. The program will engage undergraduates from underrepresented groups and provide opportunities for them to explore environmental justice through a themed learning community.
Researchers will systematically identify and catalog cell types across the mammalian brain using molecular signatures and genetic targeting. The project aims to better understand brain function and dysfunction, with potential applications for therapeutic uses in humans.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have identified a critical step in how cancer cells shift their metabolism, leading them down a cancerous path. By inhibiting a specific protein modification, the study reveals a potential therapeutic target to reverse several hallmarks of cancer.
Despite multiple injuries and deafness, Shanidar 1 lived into his 40s with the help of others. His sensory impairment made him vulnerable to predators, emphasizing the importance of social support for survival as a hunter-gatherer in the Pleistocene.
A study by Itamar Lerner and colleagues found that higher quality sleep patterns are associated with reduced activity in brain regions involved in fear learning. The researchers suggest that baseline sleep quality may be a useful predictor of susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Research by Melanie Flynn, a University of Huddersfield lecturer, has led to Malaysia setting up environmental courts to deal with wildlife crimes. In contrast, the UK has made slower progress in tackling the issue, with inconsistent sentencing and limited resources hindering efforts.
The discovery of exceptionally well-preserved microfossils in Mongolia's Khesen Formation may confirm the existence of animal ecosystems earlier than previously thought. The cache, comprising eight genera and 17 species, represents a critical transition in life's history.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have identified two asthma phenotypes linked to distinct lung microbiomes, suggesting a potential for more precise treatments. The study found that targeting specific bacterial compositions may help control asthma severity and development.
Research finds individuals with higher thyroid hormone levels, even within normal range, are more likely to develop irregular heartbeat. The study analyzed data from 30,085 individuals and found a significant increase in risk associated with moderate increases in FT4 levels.
A team of psychologists and political scientists found that people who perceive themselves as part of a disadvantaged group are more likely to support populist ideologies. Long-lasting feelings of group disadvantage were also associated with an unrealistic belief in the greatness of their nation.
New research reveals fossils from 374-million-year-old tree trunks show interconnected xylem strands that conducted water to branches and leaves. These ancient trees had a unique growth mechanism, with individual strands growing their own rings like mini-trees.
Researchers at the National University of Singapore have discovered a critical molecular target for sphingosine-1-phosphate production, paving the way for regulating its signalling in circulation. Low levels of S1P have been linked to various immune and vascular diseases, including multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular complications.
Researchers found that variability in the medial temporal lobe's subfields is associated with differences in associative memory performance among older adults. The study's findings could help unravel age-related memory impairment by highlighting individual differences in brain structure and function.
Scientists propose expanding sugarcane production in Brazil to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions. The idea involves converting hundreds of thousands of square miles into sugarcane fields while allowing for expansion of other agricultural crops and human needs.
Researchers use active nematic composed of flexible filaments with microscopic engines to study defects on toroidal droplets, confirming predictions about liquid crystals at equilibrium. They also find that constant motion of defects causes topological charge to become continuous.
Exosomes secreted by cells in healthy individuals stop protein aggregation that leads to type 2 diabetes, but those in patients with the disease do not. This discovery provides new insights into the disease and may lead to the development of treatments.