Researchers prove the security of device-independent quantum cryptography using a new approach called entropy accumulation. This breakthrough paves the way for practical realization of such schemes with state-of-the-art quantum technology.
Researchers found that complex PTSD was most often present in people who had experienced childhood sexual abuse, while classic PTSD was more common among those who had serious accidents or witnessed traumatic events. Further research is needed to develop effective therapies for complex psychological trauma.
A University of B.C. study found Indigenous people suffered transportation-related injuries at a rate 1.89 times higher than the province's total population between 1991 and 2010. The injury rate for those living on reserves was significantly higher, while those off-reserves had a lower risk.
A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bioanalysis of bevacizumab has been developed with a high sensitivity and selectivity. The assay limits detection to 1.01 ng/mL and offers an effective working dynamic range of 3.07-100 ng/mL.
Research found that early access to palliative care significantly improves end-of-life quality indicators for patients with advanced cancer. Patients who received palliative care were more likely to die in a hospice or at home, rather than a hospital, and had better access to pain relief drugs.
New observations of Tabby's Star by the Canary Island Observatories suggest that interstellar dust is causing the star's unusual brightness fluctuations, rather than an alien megastructure. The data, published in two articles, show that different colors in the star's light are being attenuated at varying rates.
Researchers studying a new species of parasitoid wasp discovered it has a unique saw-like spine structure that allows it to break free from its host. The wasp, Dendrocerus scutellaris, is likely an endoparasitoid, feeding on live insects.
Researchers investigated ultraconserved elements and found that deleting individual enhancers does not cause major defects, but some subtle brain abnormalities persist. A second study on limb enhancers showed functional redundancy, highlighting the importance of these regulatory elements.
Scientists use super-resolution microscopy to reveal the fine detail of red blood cells' cellular mesh underlying the cell membrane. They discover that the mesh is a triangular structure composed of proteins, allowing for flexibility and elasticity in squeezing through narrow capillaries.
A study published in the American Academy of Neurology found that balance and eye movement exercises can help people with multiple sclerosis (MS) improve their balance and reduce fatigue. The exercise program showed significant improvements in balance, fatigue, and dizziness scores compared to a control group.
A new study from Washington University School of Medicine found that West Nile and Powassan viruses can cause brain damage and fetal death in mice, similar to Zika. The study suggests that these flaviviruses may also pose a risk to developing fetuses in humans.
A new study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology found that standing burns more calories than sitting. By substituting standing for sitting for six hours a day, adults can expend an extra 54 calories, equivalent to 5.5 pounds in one year.
NASA's GPM satellite measured Tropical Cyclone Cebile's rainfall intensity at over 228 mm/h on January 31, 2018. The storm's eye featured a clear circular structure with deep convective banding and sharp eyewall.
A global, multicenter study has found CAR T-cell therapy to be safe and effective in treating patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell ALL. The therapy achieved an overall remission rate of 81% within 3 months of treatment, with a median length of remission lasting up to 20 months.
The University of Washington and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are joining forces to research and develop new materials that will significantly influence tomorrow's world. The joint endeavor, NW IMPACT, aims to tackle areas such as materials for energy conversion, quantum materials, water separation, and biomimetic materials.
Researchers are exploring non-invasive biomarker tests to monitor organ transplant patients and prevent rejection. Current biomarkers fall short, but various teams are hunting for new markers such as RNA levels, exosomes, and proteoforms.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine developed a community-based health program that achieved significant control of Type 2 diabetes in a high-risk population. After six months, over 55% of participants in the intervention group had blood sugar levels under seven percent.
The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has confirmed that a satellite re-discovered on Jan. 20, 2018, is the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite. The satellite was launched in 2000 and had been declared mission-ended after repeated failures.
Researchers at Rutgers University have created a 4D-printed shape-shifting smart gel that can morph over time and temperatures change. The gel can provide structural rigidity in organs like the lungs and create new applications in soft robotics, biomedical devices, and scaffolds for cell growth.
A new universe simulation model, IllustrisTNG, provides fresh insights into how black holes influence dark matter distribution, heavy element production, and magnetic field origins. The simulation reveals a high degree of realism in predicting galaxy clustering patterns and the influence of supermassive black holes on the cosmos.
Recent papers by Keck Graduate Institute professors James Sterling and Shenda Baker describe the interaction between ions and glycans on mucosal surfaces. The research highlights how different ion types affect the structure, electrical potential, and fluid behavior of airway-surface layers in the lung.
Researchers have created a stealth virus that effectively recognizes and infects tumor cells using adapter molecules. The virus is protected by a novel protein shield that prevents immune system elimination, opening up avenues for treating aggressive cancers.
Scientists at ICIQ discover a novel methodology to create carbynes using visible light and photocatalysts. They use these molecules to add chiral fragments to existing compounds, accelerating the drug discovery process.
Researchers at OIST have discovered a simple solution to the mystery of transitional flow, a phenomenon that has puzzled engineers for over 130 years. By analyzing individual patches of smooth and chaotic flow, they found that the law of resistance can be applied using Reynolds's original laws.
The blood test measures a specific peptide to inform scientists of Alzheimer's disease presence with 90% accuracy. It has the potential to accelerate therapeutic strategies development by speeding up patient selection for new drug trials.
A study published in Science Advances found that prenatal famine exposure leads to changes in DNA methylation, which can influence adult body mass index and triglycerides levels. The researchers discovered that these epigenetic changes are similar to those seen in the general population.
A Yale-led survey found that long-term research is crucial for advancing knowledge, particularly in addressing global change impacts. Scientists prioritize multi-site, observational, and experimental approaches over short-term experiments.
A comparative study of 1,227 individuals from three groups and seven cultures found that perceived threats to culture, traditions, and values predict outgroup hostility and violence. The research suggests that a 'Clash of Cultures' mentality underlies some Muslim-Western conflicts.
New research reveals hydropower dams significantly disturb river connectivity in the Andes Amazon, impacting migratory fish patterns and sediment flow. The study suggests that 100% of sediment will be trapped in downstream dams, altering natural river flow and regional cultural processes.
Research suggests that migraine is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in both men and women. The study found a positive association between migraine and heart attack, stroke, blood clots, and irregular heart rate, particularly among women.
Researchers recorded laboratory-quality brain activity measurements outdoors using portable equipment, revealing differences in brain processing stimuli compared to indoor conditions. The findings suggest the brain may be compensating for environmental distractions, which could inform the creation of safer public spaces.
Researchers trained neural networks on thousands of images from simulated high-energy particle collisions to identify key features. The networks achieved up to a 95% success rate in this analysis. Machine learning algorithms will next be applied to actual experimental data to further advance our understanding of the universe's mysteries.
A new study reveals that allowing pets to roam outdoors can lead to a decrease in perceived environmental friendliness among bird lovers on social media. Even though property owners exhibit sustainable practices, those with outdoor cats are judged less environmentally concerned.
A new study published in Cell Reports reveals the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) is crucial for maintaining balance in mice. The LVN triggers a two-step response to keep the animal steady, widening its center of gravity and strengthening limb muscles and joints.
A study by international scientists found that viruses cluster in genetically similar organisms and agricultural land, leading to a higher prevalence of viral infections. The research also reveals a vast number of viruses in the natural compartment, which can inform the emergence of plant diseases.
Climate change is affecting the size of organisms, including British Columbia beetles. Larger beetle species have shrunk by up to 20% in the last 45 years due to warmer temperatures.
A study of 30,000 patients found that narrow-spectrum antibiotics performed equally well or better than broad-spectrum ones in treating common respiratory infections. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics had fewer adverse events and disruptions to family routines, while treatment failure rates were not significantly different.
Researchers aim to develop concepts for designing digital things that prioritize transparency and understanding. The study focuses on the complexities of digital products and systems, exploring how they collect and use personal data.
A Baylor University study found that women in PR are more likely to form coalitions and seek backup from colleagues before offering ethics counsel, whereas men tend to use rational approaches. This highlights the importance of building relationships for effective communication and avoiding whistleblowing.
The Data Science Institute at Columbia has awarded grants to five research teams to use data science to solve societal problems in cancer research, medical science, transportation and technology. The teams will work together to transform several fields throughout the university.
A major study found a significant increase in the number of X-rays given to patients when dentists were paid on a 'fee-for-service' basis, compared to fixed salaries. This increase was most pronounced when patients were exempt from charges.
A new Tel Aviv University study published in Addiction found that only eight out of 100 smokers benefit from taking smoking cessation medications after a year. The researchers conclude that policymakers should find better methods to help smokers quit and prevent young people from starting to smoke.
A new study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that long-term opioid prescribing among US military veterans decreased by 30% between 2010 and 2016. The decline was largely due to a reduction in long-term opioid use, rather than a decrease in short-term use.
Researchers at Ohio University found that Vitamin D3 can restore damaged cardiovascular systems and reduce the risk of heart attack. The study used nanosensors to track the impacts of Vitamin D3 on single endothelial cells, revealing its powerful stimulatory effects on nitric oxide and reduction in oxidative stress.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida have discovered a link between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and rheumatoid arthritis. The bacteria, commonly found in milk and beef, can trigger autoimmune responses in genetically predisposed individuals.
A study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found that direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction in women over 65 resulted in good outcomes, including similar complication rates to tissue expander implant (TEI) reconstruction. The DTI approach also showed fewer hospital readmissions and reduced total hospital stay days.
Scientists at Queen Mary University of London have successfully generated an artificial adrenal gland using cells derived from urine. The new approach uses reprogramming to create steroid-producing cells that can model adrenal diseases and test personalized treatments for patients with adrenal insufficiency.
Research shows that men with higher levels of education are more likely to support their partners' reproductive and maternal health, including the use of modern contraceptives and regular prenatal care. Women with better-educated partners are up to 55% more likely to deliver their baby in a hospital staffed by professionals.
IceCube, a bread loaf-sized satellite, has produced the world's first map of global atmospheric ice distribution in the 883-Gigahertz band. This achievement demonstrates submillimeter wavelength observations from space and provides critical data on cloud ice properties.
UCSB researchers have developed a computational method to predict the growth rates of ionic crystals, which may save time and energy in industrial processes. The method uses transition path sampling to understand the events leading up to the transition state, providing insights into the role of water molecules and ion interactions.
A comprehensive analysis of 150 university policies reveals limited research supporting compelled disclosure, which can silence and disempower survivors. Researchers propose four alternative approaches prioritizing survivor-centered goals to protect everyone involved in sexual assault cases.
Researchers at U of T have designed a new antimicrobial material to minimize recurrent caries under fillings, affecting 100 million patients annually. The novel material packs 50 times more bacteria-fighting drugs than traditional options, offering a potential solution to this common dental problem.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have discovered a new way to stimulate the immune system to target cancer cells. The study found that activating dendritic cells with a TIM-3 antibody indirectly stimulates T cell anti-cancer activity, leading to reduced tumor growth in mice.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute identify a neuronal pathway that enables zebrafish to avoid carbon dioxide. The team found that the trigeminal sensory neurons and the habenula play critical roles in detecting carbon dioxide. These findings shed light on the neurobiology behind avoidance behaviors in animals.
The Biogerontology Research Foundation and its partners emphasized the importance of AI in precision medicine at the Precision Medicine World Conference. Two startups, Abreos and Immusoft, emerged as semifinalists for their innovative approaches to precision medicine, including point-of-care assays and immune system programming.
A new study by University of Minnesota researchers found that children who participated in an intensive early childhood education program from preschool to third grade were more likely to complete an associate's degree or higher and a bachelor's degree, with significant gains in educational attainment compared to those in other programs.
Scientists from Brazil and Senegal discovered the gene responsible for the mild effects of West Nile lineage 8, which could be used to develop a vaccine against more virulent lineages. The researchers found that the substitution P122S induces mutations linked to low replication rates, making it an ideal candidate for a vaccine.
A study by Columbia University researchers found that converting a 2.4-mile section of the Cross-Bronx Expressway into a deck park would benefit residents monetarily and in terms of life expectancy, adding nearly two months of quality-adjusted life years.
An international team analyzed ancient DNA from 38 northern Europeans, uncovering that Scandinavia was settled via southern and northern routes. Agriculture arrived in northern Europe through migrating farmers and pastoralists. The study provides new insights into population dynamics of prehistoric northern Europe.
The new guidelines update the 2013 recommendations to include genetic alterations driving lung cancer and new drugs to target these alterations. Testing for ROS1 in all cases of lung adenocarcinoma is now recommended, as well as using circulating tumor DNA and cytology specimens when tissue is unavailable.