A Dartmouth study confirms tropical glaciers began melting at the end of the last ice age due to a decrease in temperature differences between polar and tropical regions. This finding clarifies how global temperatures transformed during one of Earth's most extreme climate change events.
Researchers identified hotspots for wild honeybee nesting sites, including unmanaged forests and coniferous forests in Sweden and Finland. The study suggests that conserving trees with cavities should be included in forest management to support pollinator populations.
Researchers at Penn State used fiber-optic cables to detect tiny seismic events caused by thunder during a storm, marking the first time scientists have recorded thunder-induced seismic events.
The study found that solitary bees can tolerate a range of environmental conditions and have distinct preferences for nesting sites. The project's results could help inform land management to better protect ground-nesting bees.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a specific brain chemical, serotonin, responsible for the social behavior-enhancing effects of MDMA. The study suggests that novel treatments targeting this pathway may alleviate symptoms of psychiatric disorders marked by social awkwardness and withdrawal.
A team from Aarhus University and Vestas Aircoil is developing a new composite material to replace heavy, expensive cast iron components in massive ship engines. The goal is to reduce weight and chemical treatment costs, making maintenance easier and more efficient.
Researchers created living biohybrid nerve tissue using stem cells to develop 3D models of neural networks, enabling better understanding of brain function and disease development. The 3D models can be controlled with optogenetics and used for drug testing and studying complex behaviors.
Researchers found that country music songwriters employ two strategies to co-write songs with less talented but more famous artists: bespoke facilitation, where they take a backseat, and the manipulation dance, where they pre-write most of the song. This approach helps create good songs while avoiding alienating their partner.
A new blueprint developed by University of Sussex physicist Dr Conor Boland could lead to a new golden age of healthcare with wearable real-time health monitoring devices based on nanomaterials. The breakthrough enables researchers to compare successes and optimize sensitivities and flexibilities in these materials.
Researchers highlight the need to address comorbidities such as heart disease, kidney disease, and certain cancers associated with HIV. Effective treatment strategies and clinical trials are crucial to reducing the burden of these conditions on individuals and the healthcare system.
A recent study by Dr. Karin Limburg and Michele Casini reveals that hypoxia caused by climate change is responsible for the declining condition of Baltic cod. The researchers analyzed otoliths, or earstones, found in the fish's hearing and balance system, which showed a clear link between hypoxia and the decline of the species.
Fossilized seashells from Antarctica reveal that the Earth's oceans were undergoing significant changes in response to increased carbon dioxide from volcanic eruptions. These findings provide new insights into the causes of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which led to the demise of the dinosaurs.
Patient visits to primary care physicians increased by 3.6% after Medicaid expansion, but ER department visits remained unchanged. The study found that factors such as data quality and state policies may limit the accuracy of findings.
Researchers from University of Maryland provide rigorous mathematical explanation for Batchelor's law, a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics. The proof resolves the uncertainty surrounding the law's applicability and limitations, opening doors to better engineering designs and weather prediction models.
Researchers found that vesicles isolated from four strains of Lactobacillus bacteria interfere with HIV infection, reducing the number of infected cells. The study suggests ways to reduce male-to-female HIV transmission.
A new research tool, FFLLoRA, was developed to assess individual production lot risks of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen foods. The tool incorporates factors like facility attributes, Lm prevalence and consumer handling to estimate listeriosis risks.
A new human autoinflammatory disease called CRIA syndrome has been discovered and identified by an Australian-US research team. The disease is caused by a mutation in the RIPK1 protein, leading to uncontrolled cell death and inflammation.
Researchers studied the hair strength of various mammals and found that thin hair tends to be stronger than thick hair due to its hierarchical structure. The study's findings could help scientists design better synthetic materials with comparable properties.
Researchers are working on a new project to develop transparent and explainable deep-learning AI computing models that make decisions. The project will use adversarial training techniques to understand how neural networks learn and make predictions.
A study from the University at Buffalo found an association between poor diets high in red and processed meat, fried food, refined grains, and high-fat dairy, which increase the risk of developing late-stage age-related macular degeneration. The study suggests that limiting intake of these foods may help preserve vision over time.
The discovery of Aegicetus gehennae sheds light on the transition from foot-powered to tail-powered swimming in whales. The new genus and species is found to be more fully aquatic, with adaptations indicating a transitional stage between early and modern whale locomotion.
Researchers have developed drug-like molecules from a tropical flower that kill pancreatic cancer cells, offering a potential new route for treatment. The findings suggest these 'anti-austerity' agents could remove the ability of cancer cells to tolerate starvation conditions, leading to cell death.
The MASS software program automates geometric morphometric analyses on leaf shape, reducing errors and making it more accessible to novice researchers. By utilizing digitized herbarium specimens, researchers can now analyze larger groups of data and explore new research questions.
Researchers found that bumblebees consuming more nectar due to sub-lethal radiation exposure may impair colony growth. This effect could have significant consequences for pollinator ecosystem services in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
Researchers have identified a new species of bobtail squid in Okinawa's waters, named Euprymna brenneri, which is the eleventh known in the Euprymna genus. The discovery highlights the rich biodiversity of cephalopods off the coast of Okinawa and may shed light on their genes, behavior, and development.
Researchers at MIT have extended Maxwell's electromagnetism to smaller scales, bridging the gap between macroscopic and nanoscale phenomena. The new model incorporates electronic length scales, enabling nonclassical effects such as nonlocality and surface-enabled Landau damping.
A new research from a cross-organisational consortium in the Amazon found that indigenous knowledge can be as accurate as scientific transect monitoring. The study used the cultural consensus approach to develop suites of species for which their abundance could reliably be estimated.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a high precision 3D circuit simulator to quantify electromagnetic (EM) noise and its origin. The simulator allows for the visualization of EM noise generation and propagation, enabling intuitive understanding of why and where noise occurs, leading to noiseless circuit design.
The study reveals how embryonic cells may be deviated from a default state and awoken to new developmental possibilities during gastrulation. Researchers used scNMT-seq and MOFA computational methods to analyze gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility in single cells from mouse embryos.
University of Guelph researchers have discovered that cortisol, a key stress hormone, accumulates in fish scales slowly and remains there for weeks. This allows scientists to gauge long-term stress levels without invasive blood tests.
nanoHUB, a virtual society for nanotechnology research and education, has received a National Science Foundation grant renewal to create new technologies. The cloud provides simulation software, data, lectures, and other innovative content to engineers and scientists.
Researchers found that government regimes shifted their Twitter strategy after protests, using diverse topics and hashtags to distract citizens. The opposition also became less focused in response, potentially due to the regime's social media strategy.
A study by HHU and the University of Hohenheim found that modern wheat varieties produce equally good-tasting breads as older varieties. The research team used molecular biology methods to predict bread quality, revealing soil type and nutrient content also influence taste.
A team of researchers has identified a specific brain circuit linked to food impulsivity, which could lead to the development of therapeutics for overeating. The study found that activating this circuit, involving melanin-concentrating hormone, increases impulsive behavior around food without affecting motivation or enjoyment.
Case Western Reserve University researchers found that virtual training increased middle-school educators' ability to recognize suicidal behavior. The training, Kognito At-Risk simulation, also covers bullying and other topics, highlighting the importance of comprehensive mental health education.
A study of over 31,750 people found that those who took long naps or slept for nine or more hours per night were at a higher risk of stroke. The researchers also found that poor sleep quality was associated with an increased risk of stroke.
Researchers developed a cold-stable spray gel containing heparin and ibuprofen to treat frostbite injuries, showing improved healing rates compared to conventional treatments. The treatment reduced inflammation and accelerated healing, potentially preventing gangrene and amputation.
Researchers developed equations to study life's diversity and predict specific traits, including reproduction timing and lifespan. The new theory refines old understandings about life history tradeoffs and has implications for ecosystem models and management decisions.
Researchers used a fiber optic network to detect thunderquakes, allowing them to track lightning storms and potentially image the Earth's interior. The study found that fiber optic cables can pick up a wider range of frequencies than traditional seismometers.
A study by University of Michigan researchers reveals that Azteca ant colonies in Mexican coffee farms exhibit a Turing pattern, similar to leopard spots and zebras' stripes. This finding highlights the complexity of agroecological systems and challenges simplistic pest management approaches.
A new study found that gradualism, increasing project stakes step-by-step, significantly improves group coordination. The research showed that teams with gradually increasing stakes outperformed those with consistently high or low stakes.
A new study suggests that increasing quality transparency in healthcare can improve social welfare in the short-term, but may have negative effects in the long-term. Policymakers should target specific patient populations, such as younger or urban patients, and incentivize hospitals to make socially optimal investments.
A global review of over 50 studies covering 22,000 children found that daily physical activity declined by 3-4 minutes per year, starting from ages 4 or 5. The study indicates that all age groups and genders face a high risk of declining physical activity, emphasizing the need for early promotion and parental involvement.
Researchers found that additives like dolomite and micronutrient fertilizer can reduce phosphorus concentrations in drainage water by an average of 70%. These amendments help keep phosphorus in the pot, addressing a major environmental concern. The study aims to explore the long-term retention of retained phosphorus in containers.
A research team has developed biotransistors that can record small beats of live cells and micro-tissues, paving the way for drug development and screening. The transistors, made of organic material on a flexible substrate, are biocompatible and offer intrinsic signal amplification, reducing the need for external amplifiers.
Researchers discovered immune cells inside tumor samples can predict progression-free survival after surgery for kidney cancer. Patients with well-supported immune cells have longer disease control, leading to improved treatment options and potential adjuvant therapy trials.
A study based on over 140,000 VA health records found that non-drug therapies for chronic pain reduced the risk of alcohol and drug disorders, opioid poisoning, and suicidal thoughts. Non-drug treatments like acupuncture and massage were linked to lower risks of these adverse outcomes.
The Illinois-led project aims to provide a transformative leap in revealing the sun's corona, an aura of plasma surrounding stars. The distributed telescope will utilize novel technologies like precision formation flying and diffractive optics for breakthroughs in space imaging.
Research suggests a significant increase in cannabis use among individuals with depression over the past decade. The prevalence of cannabis use was approximately twice as common among those with depression compared to those without it. Daily cannabis use was also more common among those with depression, particularly young adults.
Researchers from the University of Bonn used strontium isotope analysis to determine the origins of victims in a 1,400-year-old Maya mass grave. The study found that most victims grew up at least 95 miles from Uxul, with some showing signs of high social status.
A new study confirms breastfeeding is crucial for preventing diabetes, as early weaning increases insulin secretion and susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes. The research suggests that not breastfed rat pups are more likely to develop insulin resistance and the adult form of the disease.
A study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics reveals that one-third of the recent global methane increase comes from tropical Africa's tropics. The research used satellite data to examine trends in atmospheric methane between 26° N and 26° S, highlighting the importance of individual wetlands like the Sudd in South Sudan.
Researchers discovered a single female pangolin has higher levels of chitinase, an enzyme breaking down insect protein, than other animals. This suggests pangolins have specialized dietary needs and require specific foods when raised in captivity.
A new Boston University School of Public Health study found that the decline in prescriptions of non-opioid analgesics coincided with a marked increase in opioid prescribing. The study suggests that health risks associated with NSAIDs were one factor that led to increased prescribing of opioids.
A study published by the American Heart Association found that low-dose aspirin did not reduce the risk of a fatal heart attack among African Americans, unlike in white populations. The study used data from over 65,000 participants and suggested genetic differences and poor control of other risk factors may contribute to this result.
Researchers at EMBL-EBI have created the largest reference phosphoproteome of almost 120,000 human phosphosites using a machine learning approach. This freely-accessible resource enables scientists to identify critical phosphosites relevant for various biological processes and diseases.
A large study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that high doses of vitamin D do not reduce mortality or improve non-fatal outcomes in critically ill patients. The Vitamin D to Improve Outcomes by Leveraging Early Treatment (VIOLET) study included over 200 researchers and showed no difference in mortality rates, hos...
Researchers at Princeton University have developed new computational and experimental tools to identify microbial small molecules encoded in clinical samples. This allows scientists to explore microbial-host interactions and mine the human microbiome for drug discovery, revealing potential antibiotics and insights into human-microbe in...
A 79-year study confirms that increased coniferous forests are the primary cause of water browning in lakes and rivers. Organic soil leaching into lakes and streams also contributes to this process.
The researchers highlight the urgent need for investment in research infrastructure to provide reliable data on population health, nutrition, and agricultural practices. An international body is proposed to address pressing nutritional and agricultural issues and prepare policy decisions.