Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted model perturbation experiments to improve monsoon predictions. The study sheds light on the complex atmosphere-ocean-land interactions driving monsoon systems and their regional variations.
A study by UC Davis Violence Prevention Research Program found that Oregon's CBC policies resulted in an 18% increase in pre-firearm-sale checks, while Washington state saw a 4% increase. The different rates are attributed to variations in private-party firearm sales and compliance among private gun sellers.
Researchers at Rice University and Texas A&M University developed molecular drills that target and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The drills, which can be activated with light, increase the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, offering a potential solution to superbug infections.
University of Guelph researchers have developed a new tool for studying nuclear waste storage using antimatter. This breakthrough may help in designing safer underground vaults for permanent storage of radioactive waste. The study also reveals intriguing properties of clays that could be useful in other industries.
A study published in BMJ found that 18% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions lacked a documented indication, highlighting the need for improved antibiotic stewardship. The research identified groups most likely to receive unnecessary prescriptions, including adult males and patients with chronic conditions.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab developed a tool to harness atomic flaws in diamonds to create ultrasensitive sensors for measuring electric and magnetic fields. They successfully measured phase transitions and pressure-induced phase changes, opening up new avenues for materials research.
Researchers have found a way to stimulate breathing in premature babies using pure oxygen, which may help reduce the need for invasive respiratory interventions. The technique has shown promising results in preterm rabbit kittens and human clinical studies, offering a potential non-invasive solution for supporting fragile newborns.
Men born small for gestational age have a 55% increased risk of infertility as adults, compared to those born within the normal weight range. The study found no link between gestational age and infertility in women.
A new paper demonstrates that digital extension practices are adopted at rates comparable to traditional in-person extension, with significantly lower costs. The study highlights the research utility of digital extension and its potential for improvement through iteration and testing.
JDRF has committed 23 training grants totaling over $8 million to accelerate T1D research. These grants will support early-career scientists working on groundbreaking treatments for T1D, including ultra-fast insulins and immunotherapies.
Researchers found that women in Ethiopia often delay seeking care due to social taboos surrounding genital and breast diseases, while men may be deterred by economic dependence on their partners. The study suggests integrating NTD treatment into primary healthcare can address these gender-related challenges.
A hybrid approach combining mangroves, coral reefs and man-made solutions can protect coastal communities from disaster while preserving biodiversity. The study suggests ecosystem-based protection should be the basis for a coastal protection strategy, making it more cost-efficient and better protecting valuable ecosystems.
Researchers have developed unique polymer fibers with high tensile strength and toughness, making them suitable for industrial applications such as textiles, medical technology, and aerospace engineering.
A secure data backup system has been developed to store and restore medical records via a satellite link, enabling prompt restoration within 9 seconds. The system uses secret sharing and secure communications technologies to protect confidential personal information.
Scientists have developed an innovative method of growing cassava in the air using aeroponics, allowing for real-time observation of root development and identification of genes that regulate growth. This breakthrough could lead to increased yields, improved sustainability, and accelerated plant growth.
A review of 11 studies on yoga and brain health found that regular practice can increase the volume of the hippocampus, a region involved in memory processing, and enhance brain regions related to emotional regulation. Yoga also tends to improve prefrontal cortex function, which is essential for decision-making and multitasking.
Breast cancer incidence rates are significantly higher in black men than white men, particularly for hormone receptor-positive subtypes. These racial differences have significant implications for patient outcomes and may be linked to genetic and non-genetic factors.
Research finds that pine martens in Northern Ireland are contributing to the recovery of native red squirrels, as grey squirrels decline. However, urban areas pose a threat to this success, and addressing control issues is crucial for long-term conservation.
The Physicians Committee awarded Mihael H. Polymeropoulos the Trailblazer Award for his efforts to replace animal tests with human-relevant science. He challenged the FDA's utility of dog studies in drug development and advocated for modern, human-based scientific methods to advance human drug safety.
A Chinese research team has developed a new technique that enables super-resolution microscopy of living cells with unprecedented speeds and resolutions. The approach, which combines ghost imaging and compressive imaging, can capture processes in living cells on millisecond time-scales with spatial resolution of tens of nanometers.
Scientists discovered that soil mites alter their diet based on the environment they inhabit, with some species switching from saprophagy to predation. The study focused on oribatid mites and found significant differences in nitrogen isotope content depending on land use systems.
Researchers engineered a violet-colored polyester fabric that attracts more female tsetse flies and shows improved effectiveness against savannah species. The new fabric was developed based on understanding how flies see color.
A team of researchers at Wayne State University is developing a novel oral insulin delivery system to address the issues of low absorption and bioavailability. The goal is to create a safe and efficient treatment that can enhance the quality of life for diabetes patients.
A study in Scientific Reports presents a genetic model that accurately estimates lifespans of different vertebrate species by analyzing 42 selected genes and their CpG sites, which are correlated with lifespan. The 'lifespan clock' reveals high predictive power for various species, including extinct ones.
A team of scientists found that whale body size is limited by the availability of their prey, with filter-feeding whales achieving the largest body sizes due to a high-energy payoff. Toothed whales, on the other hand, are limited by the energy spent chasing large prey in deep-sea environments.
Researchers successfully collect wind data on Mars, revealing circulation patterns that bear the signature of mountains and valleys hundreds of kilometers below. The study's findings provide valuable insights into Martian climate and potentially inform studies on Earth's upper atmosphere.
An independent group of international experts concludes that transformative action is needed to address the unprecedented impact of human activities on life on Earth. The study highlights the need for a system-wide reorganization across technological, economic, and social factors to achieve sustainability.
A UCI-led team has unveiled the most accurate portrait yet of Antarctica's ice sheet bed topography, revealing stabilizing ridges and deep land canyons. The new map will help scientists predict the continent's vulnerability to future climate warming.
Researchers at Chiba University have improved estimates of ecosystem carbon mitigation, crucial for meeting the Paris Agreement's climate goals. By reconciling top-down and bottom-up approaches, they reduced discrepancies in flux estimations, providing a more accurate picture of terrestrial carbon sinks.
Researchers at SMART and NTU have designed a polymer that can kill bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics, including MRSA. The breakthrough could lead to the development of medicine to which bacteria are significantly less resistant, saving hundreds of thousands of lives.
A new study by OIST researchers reveals that giant land tortoises have impressive powers of long-term recall, demonstrating their ability to recognize individual keepers and learn complex tasks. The study also found that tortoises trained in groups learned faster than those trained alone.
A new study found that only 24.5% of child care center directors reported having a flu vaccine requirement for children, and even fewer for adult caregivers. However, states with laws mandating flu vaccination for children in day care were more likely to have requirements.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that heat energy can be transferred across a few hundred nanometers of empty space through the Casimir interaction, a quantum mechanical phenomenon. This finding could have profound implications for designing microelectronic components where heat dissipation is key.
The Parker Solar Probe has returned significant data on the Sun's atmosphere, revealing insights into the solar wind and its effects on space weather. The probe's findings have shed light on magnetic disturbances in the solar wind and the processes that heat the Sun's outer atmosphere.
A new 'experimental evolution' method, called 3Dseq, can determine the interactions that proteins use to fold into functional three-dimensional shapes. This technique may aid in understanding cancer-related proteins and pinpointing mutations contributing to disease progression.
A unique resilience program at UMass Amherst has been shown to improve decision-making and emotional awareness among diverse college athletes, while lowering perceived stress. The program, developed by Genevieve Chandler, focuses on active coping, building strength, cognitive awareness, and social support.
A £2.5 million project is helping scientists develop a new method to catch female sand flies carrying the Leishmaniasis parasite, reducing infection incidence by 50% in dogs. The lure-and-kill method uses male pheromones to attract females towards insecticide-treated areas.
After just two weeks of reduced physical activity, older adults experience significant losses in muscle mass and strength, as well as gains in body fat percentage. This can lead to a reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial function, which are critical for maintaining healthy muscles and metabolic health.
A new study reveals that polar bears at sea, particularly pelagic bears, accumulate more pollutants due to their diet rich in marine life closer to pollutant sources. This is attributed to increased energy requirements and longer periods without ice, forcing them to feed on land-based prey or rely on fat reserves.
Researchers used a combination of VR, aerial thermal-imaging, and ground surveys to develop a statistical model for predicting koala locations. The three-pronged approach proved 75% more accurate than ground surveys alone, providing critical information for koala protection.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found a common mutation in the ALDH2 enzyme may contribute to Alzheimer's disease, increasing cell damage from alcohol metabolism. The mutation, prevalent in East Asian populations, causes reduced enzyme activity and buildup of toxic acetaldehyde.
A study published in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence found that deep learning can improve MRI detection of ADHD by using a multi-scale approach to construct the brain connectome. This method provided significantly better performance than single-scale approaches, highlighting the predictive power of the brain connectome.
Researchers estimate that up to 43% of antibiotic prescriptions in the US are potentially inappropriate, highlighting the importance of proper documentation. The study found that patients with chronic conditions and those who spent more time with a physician were more likely to receive antibiotics without an indication.
A research team has identified a new type of metal organic framework (MOF) that can selectively capture CO2 from flue gases, even in the presence of water. The discovery could lead to more efficient carbon dioxide removal from industrial emissions and help mitigate global climate change.
Researchers from POSTECH have successfully developed a flexible battery with thin and three-dimensional organic electrode, increasing energy density by four times. The new technology uses a three-dimensional copper collector to lower the weight of a battery by 10 times more than conventional copper collectors.
Studies use portable sensor technology and cellphone apps to measure air pollutant exposure, providing insights into reducing public health risks. Key findings include increased risks of respiratory diseases in children exposed to air pollution.
A new study found that people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have lower physical work capacity due to a functional iron deficiency, which impairs energy production. The research suggests focusing on improving iron availability through diet may be more effective than exercise in addressing the condition.
The trial showed that adding tucatinib to capecitabine and trastuzumab improved progression-free and overall survival in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer patients, regardless of whether they had brain metastasis. The treatment combination also increased the overall response rate compared to standard care.
Several studies investigate how social media shapes consumers' perceptions of food technologies, including GMOs, and the resulting disinformation. Researchers analyze online articles, social media engagement, and brain responses to infographics about food technologies, highlighting the need for effective communication campaigns.
A team of scientists at EPFL has designed a new material that can capture CO2 from wet flue gases more efficiently than existing commercial materials. The material uses a novel approach to overcome the competition between CO2 and water adsorption sites.
The newly discovered Asfaltoventor vialidadi from Patagonia exhibits a unique blend of skeletal traits, challenging current understanding of tetanuran relationships. This finding supports the concept of evolutionary experimentation during periods of rapid diversification and mass extinctions.
A study found that pharmacy-based transition-of-care models can improve patient satisfaction by educating patients about their medications as they transition out of hospital care. The model also led to a significant drop in hospital readmission rates.
An analysis of sediment carried by glaciers in both South America and East Africa reveals tropical glaciers began to melt earlier than expected around 20,000 years ago. Rising temperatures at the poles reduced atmospheric circulation, slowing heat out of the tropics and triggering early melting.
Researchers from Drexel University have developed a method to analyze RNA codes that can reveal how groups of microbes operate. The new approach, called 'themetagenomics,' identifies recurring patterns indicating co-occurring groups of microbes, allowing for better understanding of their functions and potential health implications.
Hyperactive FOXA1 signaling triggers genome-wide reprogramming in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, leading to enhanced resistance to treatment and metastatic behaviors. An inhibitor of HIF-2a reduces migration and invasion of these cells, providing a potential therapeutic strategy.
The US Feed the Future program has been found to reduce chronic malnutrition among children in sub-Saharan Africa, with a 3.9 percentage point decrease leading to 2.2 million fewer cases of stunting. The program's multifaceted approach to nutrition, combining agriculture and food security interventions, is credited with its success.
Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute found that excess levels of a protein, p62 or SQSTM1, increase lifespan in worms. This discovery could help uncover treatments for age-related conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
Financial infidelity is defined as hiding financial behaviors expected to be disapproved of from one's partner. Consumers more prone to this often prefer secretive options like personal credit cards and cash. The study found that concealment of financial information in mobile banking apps also increases the risk of financial infidelity.
The University of Illinois at Chicago will establish a Policy, Practice and Prevention Research Center (P3RC) to study various public health issues, including obesity and diabetes among Chicago schoolchildren. The center will also support researchers and community leaders in advocating for change and leveraging research data.
Researchers in Korea have developed a strategy to transform opaque solar cells into transparent ones, allowing for more efficient energy harvesting. The transparent solar cells have a high-power conversion efficiency of 12.2 percent and long-term stability, making them ideal for turning windows into solar panels.