Levis & Elder are developing conceptual models to investigate the degree of deterrence and explore the impact of mutual understanding among actors. They aim to refine experimental design and analyze sensitivity to model inputs in computational experiments.
Scientists at Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ developed an approach using recent satellite data to estimate Amazon forest biomass with greater precision. This enables more accurate assessments of the consequences of droughts and forest fires on the Amazon.
A survey of 1,019 adults aged 50 to 64 found that 48.5% perceived a high risk of developing dementia during their lifetime. Only a few participants discussed potential ways to reduce dementia risk with their physician.
Freshwater plants in lakes with high bicarbonate concentrations have higher photosynthesis yields, altering species richness and composition. This shift is expected to change underwater meadow structure and predator protection for small animals and juvenile fish.
Scientists at Chinese Academy of Sciences create highly stable and coke-resistant Ni SAC, overcoming in situ catalyst deactivation. The unique capacity for selective activation of CH4's first C-H bond explains the intrinsic coke resistance.
A new study from Yale University finds that a ketogenic diet can enhance the body's natural response to influenza by activating gamma delta T cells, which produce mucus in lung cell linings. The research suggests that the way the body burns fat may fuel the immune system's ability to fight flu infection.
Harvard researchers have uncovered fundamental physical properties of artificial muscle fibers, shedding light on their shape transformations and design principles. The study explains the theoretical principles underlying complex morphology and provides guidelines for designing optimal soft actuators.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science found that vesicles transported out of the Golgi, not from the cell membrane, are crucial for endosome formation. This discovery reveals a new mechanism to explain how cells sort and distribute substances.
A new study finds that nearly half of 50- to 64-year-olds think they're likely to develop dementia, but only 5% have talked to a doctor about reducing their risk. Meanwhile, many use unproven tactics like supplements and brain games to stave off the disease.
Researchers at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ have developed a model that can predict the effects of toxicants on sensitive individuals and species at very low concentrations. The model takes into account the interaction between toxicant concentration, individual sensitivity, and environmental stress.
Cody Edwards, Associate Provost for a Sustainable Earth at George Mason University, received two funding awards from the Smithsonian Institution. The awards total $237,500 and support educational initiatives at the Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation.
Researchers found that nematodes from infested areas are resistant to benzoxazinoids, a defense substance stored in maize roots. This resistance allows the nematodes to become immune to self-defense mechanisms used by the pests, enabling them to continue controlling pest populations effectively.
NASA's Aqua satellite detected highest water vapor concentrations and coldest cloud top temperatures north and west of Kalmaegi's center. This analysis provides critical data on the storm's development potential and intensity.
Tropical Storm Raymond has strengthened and organized into a tropical storm, with winds reaching near 45 mph and estimated minimum central pressure of 1005 millibars. The system is expected to produce total rainfall accumulations of 2-4 inches across southern Baja California Sur, posing life-threatening flash flood risks.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have identified an antibody that can potentially become a new treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Treatment with this specific antibody was found to reverse the process behind PAH development, showing promise for clinical development.
Scientists from Technical University of Munich found that the plug dome's permeability drops significantly as stone alteration increases, leading to an imminent eruption. This discovery enables more reliable prediction of volcanic eruptions, with reduced outgassing being a key indicator of an impending event.
Researchers in Spain found nearly half of patients were misdiagnosed with hypophosphatasia, a rare genetic disorder. Up to 15,000 cases may be currently undetected in the Spanish population.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have developed a novel computational method, iEDGE, which identified several candidate breast cancer drivers and multiple pan-cancer drivers, including TRIP13 and TPX2.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that mild Zika virus infection in fetuses can lead to abnormal brain development and impaired immunity in young animals. The research provides new insights into the potential outcomes of Zika virus infection and could point to new prevention and treatment strategies.
Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital found that uninfected adolescents and young adults born to mothers with HIV have a fourfold increased risk of obesity and asthma-like symptoms. The study revealed metabolic and immune consequences of in utero HIV exposure.
A two-year trial found that chronic smokers who transition to e-cigarettes demonstrated significant improvements in vascular health within four weeks. Women experienced greater gains by switching compared to men.
A study by Yale researchers has found that adipose B cells in belly fat unexpectedly proliferate with aging, contributing to increased inflammation and metabolic decline. The expansion can be reversed by reducing macrophage signals and removing adipose B cells.
Lichens are now known to have evolved millions of years after complex plants, contradicting the long-held theory that they were among the first organisms to colonize land. This new understanding sheds light on the early evolution of ecosystems and the role of lichens in shaping the environment.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University found that age affects the well-being of newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients. Younger individuals experience higher diabetes-related and psychological stress. Older adults tend to have less psychological stress and better self-care, blood sugar control, and medication adherence.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute uncover forgotten metabolic pathway in ocean microorganisms, finding widespread distribution and ecological significance. The discovery provides valuable insights into the degradation of glycolic acid and its impact on global climate change.
Arizona State University received five prestigious Department of Energy awards totaling $9.8 million to advance solar energy research and development. The funding will support projects to lower solar electricity costs, boost manufacturing, and make solar systems more resilient.
Research Professor Quansong Tong at George Mason University has received two grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. He aims to incorporate VIIRS albedo data into EDA package and develop a new wind energy partitioning scheme for improved dust emission forecasts.
Researchers identified gene expression changes specific to early, progressive and end-stage fibrosis, as well as distinct molecular regulators for each stage. The study provides the first computational model of disease progression in IPF lung, accompanied by an interactive website.
A new function of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB has been discovered: it blocks the cell cycle in host cells, leading to slowed or halted wound healing. This impairment occurs through the silent internalization of growth factor receptors, triggering intense vacuolization and cell death.
Researchers at the University of Malaga found that social interaction can diminish interest in cocaine. The study used an animal model and showed that positive stimuli like social interaction with another animal reduced preference for the drug.
The FinEstBeAMS beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory in Sweden has conducted its first scientific experiments, studying the electronic structure of three ionic liquids. The research aims to understand the properties of ionic liquids for their application potential in supercapacitors.
A recent study published in Neuroimage found that inflammation specifically affects the brain's readiness to reach and maintain an alert state, leading to mental sluggishness. The research suggests that even mild illnesses can reduce alertness, and anti-inflammatory drugs may help preserve or improve cognitive function.
A genetic study of ancient bone samples in Finland discovered separate populations during the Iron Age, influencing modern Finns' gene pool. The study found lineages typical of hunter-gatherers and European farmers coexisted in different regions.
A team of researchers from Japan and the UK has identified a crucial communication route in developing chloroplasts, the energy factories of plant cells. The newly characterized protein GUN1 regulates tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, controlling the cell's production of heme.
A new study reveals that genes from soil bacteria were transferred to algae through horizontal gene transfer, allowing early life to move from water to land. This process, known as terrestrialization, marked a crucial event in the evolution of life on Earth.
New research from Ohio State University finds a fundamental flaw in Bluetooth Low Energy devices' communication with mobile apps, leaving them vulnerable to fingerprinting attacks and unauthorized access. The study identified over 5,800 Bluetooth devices, with 94.6% of them able to be 'fingerprinted' and 7.4% vulnerable to hacking.
Researchers analyzed DNA data from 513 pairs of males living in Belgium and the Netherlands to explore paternity questions over 500 years. The study found that EPP events were more common among lower socioeconomic classes and densely populated cities.
Researchers found that parents of children with CHD want individualized, formal psychosocial support to mitigate stress and improve long-term outcomes. The study outlines ways to optimize mental health for parents and supports positive child outcomes.
Researchers found increased variability in electrical 'resetting' between heartbeats in people with HIV, linked to virus levels and increasing risk of sudden cardiac deaths. The study suggests that this measure could be used to assess risk and identify ways to intervene.
The study reveals that bacteria have multiple oxidases, with cytochrome bd oxidase playing a crucial role in energy production and stress protection. The novel findings provide insights into the development of new antimicrobials targeting pathogens.
Recent advancements in wearable and implantable hemodialysis devices have the potential to revolutionize treatment for patients with kidney failure. These devices aim to provide a more patient-friendly alternative to traditional hemodialysis, allowing patients to lead healthier lives.
Researchers at Saint Louis University have developed a way to program built-in controls in microfluidic networks, enabling the creation of miniaturized chemical laboratories on a chip. This technology has potential applications in point-of-care diagnostics, field research, and even space exploration.
A Northwestern University study combines 3D climate modeling with chemistry to explore the habitability of planets around M dwarf stars. The research finds that only planets orbiting active stars lose significant water to vaporization, making them less likely to sustain life.
Integral Molecular to receive up to $5.5 million from NIAID to study antibody responses to Zika, Marburg and EEV viruses. The company's Shotgun Mutagenesis technology will aid in the discovery of vaccines and therapeutics against these deadly viruses.
The Singapore Diabetes Study in Nephropathy and other Microvascular Complications (DYNAMO) aims to reduce DKD prevalence in Singapore by 30% over five years. The study, led by Professor Thomas Coffman, uses a multi-pronged approach to better understand the disease biology and risk factors behind DKD.
Researchers from MIPT explored microRNA interactions with mRNA in two human cell lines, finding that microRNA does not strongly regulate all genes and its regulation potential does not directly depend on its expression level. The study also identified differences between microRNA interactions in the two cell lines.
A new optical switch developed by the NIST team can route light at speeds of 20 billionths of a second, making it ideal for quantum computing and high-performance computing. The device uses a miniature racetrack to redirect light signals with low signal loss.
Researchers at Rice University developed bottlebrush copolymers to refine surface coatings, making them more waterproof or conductive. The polymers' migration to top and bottom of thin films can effectively decouple properties of bulk coating from exposed surfaces.
UK researchers found significant increases in spring, autumn, and winter precipitation in upland areas, with winter increases consistent with national climate models. The study suggests caution is required when making assumptions on climate impacts based on climate models.
Researchers warn that Africa's Lake Victoria could dry up in the next 500 years due to climate change, posing a significant threat to 40 million people. The lake's water levels are projected to decline rapidly if temperature changes and precipitation patterns shift
Scientists at UCSF discovered that blocking the activity of MMP9 can prevent breast cancer from spreading to distant organs. The researchers found that MMP9 helps create a hospitable environment for cancer cells to form new tumors by remodeling healthy tissue and transforming it into safe havens.
Researchers at FSU's High-Performance Materials Institute have developed a thin heat shield for high-speed aircraft using carbon nanotubes, known as 'buckypaper.' The material is lightweight, flexible, and durable, protecting the aircraft from intense heat while reducing weight.
Researchers found that typhoons and eutrophic surface sea waters may be significant sources of dissolved organic nitrogen (ON) in wet deposition. Approximately one-third of total ON wet deposition was attributed to the co-occurrence of intense events like typhoons and strong rainfall.
A new analysis finds that large drug manufacturers would still be the most profitable industry sector even with $1 trillion in lower sales. This is despite the pharmaceutical industry having among the highest profit margins and returns of any industry group. The researchers found that large drug companies could lose significant revenue...
Researchers have discovered that blocking MCL1 protein can eliminate melanoma cells more effectively, even in late-stage cancers. Combining MCL1 antagonist AZD5991 with existing treatments like vemurafenib has a 'double whammy' effect against cancer cells.
A new study conducted at the University of Georgia found that feelings of neighborhood pride and interactions with tourists influence residents' attitudes towards short-term vacation rentals. The study, which surveyed residents in Savannah, Georgia, suggests that well-designed regulations can foster support for these types of rentals.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals the dopamine D2 receptor plays a crucial role in modulating Wnt expression and controlling cell proliferation, which may lead to new therapeutics for nephrology, endocrinology, and psychiatry. The findings also have implications for the development of precision medicine.
Researchers successfully simulated every atom of a light-harvesting structure in a photosynthetic bacterium, revealing how it converts sunlight into chemical energy. The study confirms physics drives biology at the atomic scale, informing future studies of complex energy-generating organelles.
Recent studies found that smokers and hypertensive individuals have better chances to survive subarachnoid hemorrhage than non-smokers and those with normal blood pressures. However, a new Finnish study included patients who died before reaching hospital wards and showed the opposite - that these groups are more likely to die from brai...
A global study reveals that bicarbonate use among aquatic plants is linked to local geology and concentration levels. Many freshwater plants have evolved to use bicarbonate for photosynthesis due to low dissolved CO2 in water.