Researchers analyzed over 65 years of records and data on hatchery-origin Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea, finding that larger fish are being released but still vulnerable to predators. The study suggests a narrow two-week window of release may lead to 'boom or bust' dynamics, affecting sustainability.
Researchers at Children's National Hospital aim to use mesenchymal stromal cells collected from bone marrow to promote brain growth and repair in newborns undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. The NIH-funded trial seeks to determine the safety of this treatment and set the stage for a Phase 2 efficacy trial.
The Texas Advanced Computing Center will develop a meta-portal to provide access to analytics tools and data sets for researchers studying the biological characteristics underlying acute-to-chronic pain transition. Researchers aim to identify biomarkers that can predict chronic pain for medical and public health use.
A new study projects that urban expansion will trigger 'extra' warming due to the urban heat island effect, increasing extreme heat risks for half of the world's future urban population. The study forecasts temperatures may rise up to 3 degrees C in some locations, particularly in tropical regions.
A new study reveals that intestinal stretch sensors uniquely stop hungry mice from wanting to eat, contradicting long-held assumptions about how we feel full. Researchers mapped the molecular and anatomical identities of vagal sensory cell types innervating the stomach and intestine, discovering that these stretch receptors are more po...
Researchers discovered that SNAP, a nitric oxide donor, overcomes TMZ resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells by reducing MGMT protein stability. This finding offers a potential strategy to improve treatment outcomes for patients with GBM.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that short-term sugar consumption increases the risk of colitis and worsens symptoms in mice. Madsen's research revealed that high-sugar diets feed 'bad' microbes, leading to inflammation and immune system problems.
Researchers found that prostate cancer bone metastases produce high levels of TGF-β, which crowds out helpful T cells needed for effective treatment. Combining anti-TGF-β with checkpoint inhibitors may reverse resistance and improve outcomes.
A new solar power generator prototype developed by Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and US research teams will be deployed on a NASA flight to the International Space Station. The compact system could provide unprecedented watt per kilogram of power, critical to lowering costs for private space flight.
Researchers found that participants who demonstrated a game face showed improved performance in cognitive tasks, such as completing a black-and-white mandala puzzle, with an average gain of 20 percent. Additionally, the study found that game face may aid in better recovery from stress after physical challenges.
A new study found that even slight impairments in hearing can lead to decreased cognitive function, with the largest decline occurring in those whose hearing was just starting to become impaired. The researchers suggest that treating hearing loss could reduce dementia incidence by up to 9%.
Researchers successfully produce pure polynitrogen by zapping sodium azide with a jet of plasma in liquid nitrogen, opening a new avenue for stable production. The substance is stable at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to -50 Celsius.
Scientists at Vienna University of Technology have developed a new thermoelectric material with a ZT value of 5 to 6, generating electrical current very efficiently from temperature differences. This enables sensors and small processors to supply themselves with energy wirelessly.
Research highlights the disproportionate impact of diabetes on women, with a higher risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure compared to men. Healthy lifestyle habits and glucose-lowering treatment are crucial in preventing these complications.
The J.M.K. Innovation Prize recognizes 10 non-profit and mission-driven organizations addressing pressing challenges through social innovation, providing up to $175,000 in funding over three years. The award aims to shine a spotlight on innovators tackling issues in under-resourced parts of America.
A new study by Yale researchers found that physicians rate EHR systems poorly, with an average score of 45, leading to increased frustration and burnout. The study suggests that the steep learning curve and lack of intuitive design contribute to this outcome, affecting specialties such as dermatology and general surgery.
A pilot study at Children's National Hospital found that direct-to-patient telemedicine cardiology follow-ups can safely reduce the need for in-person visits. The virtual care approach enabled doctors to extend their reach and improve patient care without unnecessary transport or lost time from work.
Researchers at FEFU developed a method to synthesize biologically active derivatives of fascaplysin, a compound found in sea sponges. The new compounds, including 14-bromoreticulatine and 3,10-dibromofascaplysin, show selective effects on cancer cells, particularly Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacteria and human prostate cancer cells.
Researchers at NTU Singapore found that gut microbes can alter the ageing process by increasing neurogenesis and regulating energy metabolism. The discovery highlights a potential food-based treatment to slow down ageing, using butyrate produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fibres.
A team of scientists used satellite data to augment measurements of a 2017 North Korean nuclear test, estimating its yield to be between 245 and 271 kilotonnes. The study demonstrates the value of space-borne InSAR data for measuring underground nuclear tests with greater precision than conventional seismic methods.
A study by UMass Amherst researchers found that the 2008 parity law increased Medicaid acceptance rates for substance use disorder treatment centers by more than 10 percentage points. The increase was attributed to an 8.4% boost in 2009, with higher acceptance rates in the Northeast and lower rates in the South and Southeast.
Chemists at the University of Tokyo mapped an artificial molecular self-assembly pathway that forms a spherical cage and an ultrathin sheet, exhibiting primitive qualities of a 'smart' material. The research team hopes to design molecules that can self-assemble and reorganize independently under environmental conditions.
Researchers at TGen and USC have diagnosed two sisters with progressive spastic paraplegia due to an extremely rare genetic variant in the AP4S1 gene. The team used advanced precision medicine techniques, including whole-blood mRNA sequencing, to identify the variant, which had been previously overlooked.
New research reveals that chromatin dynamics regulate the entire herpes virus genome's expression during infection. The discovery sheds light on the interplay between the virus and host cells, potentially leading to more effective treatments.
A Rutgers University study found that women exposed to stress and plastic additives during late pregnancy are at increased risk of premature birth. The research suggests that the third trimester is a critical window for this risk, with higher levels of phthalates in urine and reported stress during pregnancy also linked to preterm births.
This study analyzes the performance of Russian and foreign- owned banks from 2004 to 2015, finding that state-owned banks excel during economic crises but lag behind in profit efficiency. In contrast, foreign-owned banks thrive in stable periods, thanks to better management practices.
A new study found that certain urban areas have significantly higher rates of heroin use among high school students, with Latina and white girls in Duval County, Florida, showing the highest figures for non-medical prescription opioid misuse. The findings underscore the need for tailored services to address adolescent opioid abuse.
A new study by Norwegian University of Science and Technology finds that children who can recognize 19 letters are more likely to break the reading code. Parents can support their children's reading development by practicing letter sounds and encouraging independent reading.
Magnetic reconnection near the solar surface generates solar spicules, which channel hot plasma into the corona. The study reveals that energy released from magnetic field realignment triggers enhanced spicular activity, causing local heating of the upper atmosphere.
Researchers found that inhibiting the integrated stress response (ISR) reversed memory deficits in a mouse model of Down syndrome. The study suggests that modulating ISR networks may help treat Down syndrome and other disorders resulting from disruption of this network.
A study found that bots are more successful in certain human-machine interactions when they hide their non-human identity, but cooperation rates decrease when transparency is required. This has implications for the use of bots in help desks and other scenarios where efficiency is key.
Researchers developed a new systematic analysis method that uses machine learning to integrate computational model with experimental results, providing atomic-level data on carbon surface chemistry. This allows for better understanding of carbon-based materials without human-induced bias.
Researchers at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre have identified new protein targets for drug development against prostate cancer by analyzing noncoding DNA regions. These regions, previously thought to be 'junk' DNA, were found to harbor important regulatory elements that determine gene expression.
A pre-clinical study suggests that bisphenol-s (BPS) and bisphenol-f (BPF), structural analogues of bisphenol-a (BPA), have less impact on heart electrical function, making them potentially safer for vulnerable populations. This finding could lead to the development of alternative medical products.
Researchers developed a promising methodology for monitoring postoperative abdominal aortic aneurysm progression using CTA image registration and biomechanical strain analysis. The approach correlates with patient long-term prognosis, offering a new tool for assessing post-EVAR risk of rupture.
A team of astronomers used ALMA to study the structure of dense gas in N159, a bustling star formation region in the LMC. The observations found fan-shaped filaments of gas extending to the north with pivots in the southernmost points, similar shapes and ages of baby stars in two regions separated by 150 light-years.
NASA's AIRS instrument detected coldest cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit around Fengshen's center, suggesting a strong storm. Forecasters expect Fengshen to continue strengthening and reach typhoon status, with maximum sustained winds near 65 mph.
A Michigan State University study found that intelligence was the strongest predictor of skill acquisition in beginner pianists, followed by music aptitude. In contrast, growth mindset had little impact on piano performance.
The Suomi NPP satellite identified strong storms in Tropical Cyclone Kalmaegi using infrared light, with cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Wind shear is preventing the storm from consolidating, allowing it to maintain a tropical depression status.
Researchers developed a faster and stronger rabies vaccine by adding B cell activating factor (BAFF) to an existing inactivated virus-based vaccine. This new approach enhanced the immune system's response, increasing virus-neutralizing antibodies quickly and significantly.
The National Science Foundation grant will support the development of an open knowledge network to provide better information for agencies managing wildfires, water quality, and biodiversity conservation. The team aims to create automated methods to collect and share relevant information, improving decision-making processes.
A recent study found that 17% of sexual minorities experienced discrimination in the previous year, with higher rates among males and older adults. The researchers aim to raise awareness about the need for continued work to reduce discrimination and promote inclusive policies.
Researchers developed a computational model, Combined Essentiality Scoring (CES), to accurately identify essential genes in cancer cells. The model predicts cancer essential genes with higher accuracy than existing methods and suggests two predicted genes as potential drug targets for breast cancer and leukemia.
Researchers demonstrate that thin films of amorphous aluminum oxide glass can be permanently bent and pulled under high stress without breaking. The flawless material's high plasticity is linked to its density, with key criteria needed to identify other ductile oxide glasses.
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to develop Parkinson's disease due to shared underlying inflammation. While the risk is small, early detection and intervention may be crucial in slowing or stopping PD progression.
Researchers tested a two-step task to train people to rely on goal-oriented behaviors, but found no substantial change in behavior or brain activity. The study suggests that the task's methodological drawbacks make it unsuitable for training purposes.
Researchers have solved a critical piece of the puzzle by showing how insulin interacts with its receptor at a second binding site. This new understanding will allow researchers to design improved treatments for insulin-related disorders, such as diabetes.
A new study published in Blood Advances found that patients receiving multidisciplinary, holistic evaluation before undergoing transplantation have improved outcomes and survival rates. The team-based approach coordinated recommendations from various care providers and created individualized treatment plans.
A new study reveals a 16% decline in the relationship between binge drinking and depressive symptoms among high schoolers from 1991 to 2018. The decline is even more pronounced among girls, with a 25% decrease in the association.
A new report reveals that Americans have consistently trusted scientists over the past several decades, with a majority expressing confidence in scientific institutions. Despite concerns about science becoming partisan, recent surveys show stable trust levels, particularly among Democrats and Republicans alike.
Researchers have developed a new method to observe changes in molecular chirality during chemical reactions in real time. They used femtosecond laser pulses with tailor-made polarization to follow the disappearance of chirality after bond breakage.
A new study led by Australian National University researchers casts doubt on China's reported organ donation numbers, suggesting they may be falsified using a simple mathematical formula. The study found anomalies in the data that are difficult to explain, raising the possibility of deliberate manipulation.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that can deliver immunostimulants via inhalation to induce systemic immune response against lung cancer. The treatment converted cold tumors to hot, immune-responsive tumors and showed significant regression of tumors in both lungs and prolonged survival of mice.
Researchers identified genetic variations in non-coding enhancer regions of specific brain cell types, such as microglia, which may play a role in disease risk. The study provides new insights into how genes are regulated in individual cell types and has significant implications for understanding neurological conditions.
Researchers found that racialized sexual discrimination emerges in online communities and mobile apps, perpetuating stereotypes and shame among men of color. A new scale developed to measure its impact may help better understand the well-being of ethnic minorities.
Using waste heat helps reduce the cost of producing hydrogen, a key step towards cleaner energy. Researchers developed an approach that uses low-grade waste heat to produce hydrogen, with potential for lower production costs and increased efficiency.
A Yale professor and his team discovered an abrupt 60-year megadrought that led to the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The drought weakened the empire's agricultural base, allowing neighboring forces like the Babylonians to conquer Nineveh in three months.
A Norwegian University of Science and Technology study found that increasing cardiorespiratory fitness can halve the risk of getting dementia. Participants with poor fitness in the 1980s who improved it within a decade lived two years longer without dementia.
A recent study found that the autocatalysis of water enhances the formation of COOH intermediate through proton transfer, accelerating CO generation while hindering methanol synthesis. The research also revealed that high initial partial pressure of water inhibits CO2 conversion due to excessive OH* coverage.
A new study found that genetic variants influence the benefits of broccoli on kidney health, suggesting tailored dietary interventions. Individuals with a specific gene variant (GSTM1) who consume cruciferous vegetables may experience improved kidney function.