Researchers have developed a compact, room temperature, widely tunable terahertz laser that outperforms existing sources. The laser offers high power and wide tuning range in a robust design, unlocking new applications in science and technology.
The Erythroxylum genus has been stigmatized due to its association with cocaine, but a new review article reveals its potential use in traditional medicine and modern medicine. The genus encompasses over 230 species, including E. coca, which has been used for thousands of years.
A new study published in the American Journal of Public Health estimates that 171,900 Canadians injected drugs in 2016, with a 30-per-cent increase from 2011. The study also found wide variations in service coverage across provinces and territories.
A genome-wide gene deletion study on malaria parasites identified hundreds of new targets for disease control. The study, led by the University of Bern, used a malaria mouse model to systematically screen the parasite's genome and identify essential metabolic pathways.
A global team of computer scientists developed Write-A-Video, a new tool that generates videos from themed text. Novice users can produce quality video montages in a simple and user-friendly manner without requiring professional skills.
A KAIST research team has developed a gallium-based metal complex enabling the rapid chiral analysis of alcohols using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This new method can determine enantiomeric excess within minutes, benefiting researchers in organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry.
Researchers examined over 500 vaccine-related ads on Facebook and found that a small group of anti-vaccine ad buyers targeted specific audiences, while pro-vaccination ads were often rejected due to Facebook's policies. The study highlights the need for social media platforms to balance free speech with public health concerns.
A team of researchers from Ben-Gurion University has developed an innovative approach to kill mosquito larvae by delivering bacteria into the male mosquito's gut during mating. The method uses natural bacteria that produce a toxin only lethal to mosquito larvae, resulting in a targeted and effective biological pest control solution.
New research reveals MICU1 protein's role in maintaining muscle size and function, repairing damaged fibers, and regulating calcium balance. Loss of MICU1 disrupts calcium uptake, leading to muscle fatigue, weakness, and atrophy, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for neuromuscular diseases.
A team of researchers identified protective antibodies against severe malaria in children, paving the way for a potential vaccine. The discovery uses genomic sequencing and machine learning to pinpoint specific proteins and antibodies that provide immunity.
Researchers have developed a new multilayered complex that displays high-performance near-infrared electrochromism. The complex, prepared by layer-by-layer coordination assembly on metal oxide substrates, exhibits two reversible redox waves and excellent electrochromic performance with a contrast ratio of up to 56% at 1150 nm.
A new antibody treatment has shown promising results in a small pilot study, allowing participants with severe peanut allergies to eat a modest amount of peanut protein within 15 days. The treatment's effects lasted for up to 45 days, providing a potential breakthrough for food allergy treatments.
The grant will fund a conference and policy brief development to address the challenges faced by autistic individuals in the justice system. Autistic individuals are at increased risk of negative outcomes due to lack of understanding and inadequate support.
A new study found that nearly two-thirds of infants and almost all toddlers consumed added sugars in their daily diets, primarily in flavored yogurts and fruit drinks. The widespread intake points to a serious problem, as early eating patterns can lead to negative health conditions such as cavities, obesity, and elevated blood pressure.
Researchers have identified patterns of epigenetic molecules on sperm DNA that can indicate male infertility. A new diagnostic approach could provide doctors with a reliable method to screen men for infertility, saving couples time and effort in finding suitable treatment options.
A new study warns against a rush to exploit deep seafloor resources, emphasizing the importance of conservation of ecosystems. The international community is urged to develop a legal framework that considers the common heritage of mankind status, ensuring sustainable use of marine biodiversity.
Researchers at Arizona State University found that some aquatic plants depend on the landscape for carbon through bicarbonate extraction, not just atmospheric CO2. This discovery highlights the importance of understanding how freshwater ecosystems function and respond to environmental changes.
A new study by Anglia Ruskin University finds that crows in larger social groups have lower parasite loads and are healthier. The research reveals a correlation between sociability and health, suggesting that strong social bonds reduce stress levels and make crows less susceptible to parasites.
Researchers calculated that over 30 years, around 200,000 tonnes of micro rubber accumulated in Switzerland's environment. Tire abrasion is the primary source of micro rubber, responsible for 97% of particles released.
Research led by the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona found that Alpine rock axeheads were a crucial component of pan-European exchange networks, with some rocks traveling over 1000 kilometres. The study's results suggest that the rocks' exceptional durability and resistance to friction made them highly valued for their production value.
Researchers found that linguistic similarity between the learner's first language and Dutch accounted for 50% of explained variance in learners' proficiency. This suggests that language instruction tailored to a learner's first language can be more effective, corroborating an important insight from research on teaching adults
Researchers at the University of Münster have developed a novel method to build three-dimensional scaffolds from flat aromatics using light. The method utilizes a photocatalyst to facilitate an energy-transfer catalyzed intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition, resulting in the creation of dehydroisoquinuclidines and other valuable structures.
Researchers found that patients who received nudges had better adherence (80%) compared to those in the control arm. Nudges supported patient decisions without restricting options.
A new screening approach for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been developed, adding slow weight gain to existing criteria. The method was tested in a large prospective study and found to correctly predict ROP cases while reducing unnecessary examinations by nearly a third.
A recent study found that providing more context about a drug's efficacy can improve physicians' knowledge but reduce enthusiasm for prescribing it. The researchers also discovered that company-sponsored information about off-label uses can increase prescription rates.
Researchers used CRISPR gene editing to study butterfly wing patterns, finding that similar patterns evolved through different genetic pathways despite shared environmental pressures. The study reveals the complex interplay between chance and history in shaping evolutionary outcomes.
Researchers found climate change and turf seaweed contributing to the transformation of seafloor landscapes, with shrub-like seaweed dominating lower areas. This shift could impact species habitats and the food web, specifically affecting mid-trophic level species like cunner.
Research in rats reveals that brain-wave bursts, like earthquakes, are necessary for healthy sleep. These non-equilibrium dynamics and criticality underlie sleep micro-architecture, governing spontaneous transitions between sleep stages.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that the Zika virus protein NS4A disrupts brain growth by hijacking a pathway that regulates the generation of new neurons. The study found that overexpression of Zika protein NS4A causes microcephaly in flies by inhibiting the function of ANKLE2, a cell cycle regulator.
Researchers at University of Queensland have discovered markers in blood that differentiate benign moles from melanoma, as well as detect cancer spread to other areas. The blood test may monitor very early signs of the disease, allowing for better screening of patients with eye naevi.
Researchers analyzed 1418 galaxies and found small ones spin differently than large ones. The alignment changes as galaxies collide and merge with others, gaining mass. The study offers insight into the deep structure of the universe and how galaxies form.
Researchers are studying brain aging and dementia in 500 individuals born in 1946, using detailed assessments and brain scans to identify risk factors. The goal is to develop better preventative health strategies and improve clinical trials.
A new economic study by USC researchers suggests that breakthrough treatments for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) offer significant patient benefits and societal value. The treatments generate $5.1 to $8.2 billion in patient benefits, translating to $0.9 to $3.0 billion in societal value over three years.
UNC Lineberger researchers have discovered a method to identify triple negative breast cancer tumors that will respond to immunotherapy. The findings, published in the journal Cell, could help guide patients to the right treatments and lead to new approaches to make drugs work in cancers that don't initially respond.
Researchers suggest that exercising before, during, and after treatment, like NASA astronauts, could reduce muscle mass loss, bone demineralization, and heart problems. Cancer patients may benefit from a similar routine to counteract long-term side effects of treatments.
Researchers developed an image-processing algorithm to analyze satellite images of arctic ice floes, revealing long-term ocean movement dynamics. The technique improves understanding of sea ice transport, its interactions with ocean currents, and the impact on climate change.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology have developed a new platinum-nickel catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions 20 times more effectively than traditional platinum-based catalysts. This breakthrough has significant implications for the storage and conversion of hydrogen, a promising source of sustainable energy.
A peer-reviewed commentary warns of widening HIV infection disparities among Hispanics/Latinos, with the highest increase seen in gay and bisexual men aged 25-34. The article advocates for targeted investment in stigma reduction, treatment accessibility, behavioral interventions, and community leadership engagement to address the crisis.
Researchers at Lehigh University's P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science are designing a more efficient tidal turbine using a $250,000 NSF grant. They will test different fairing shapes in a water tunnel facility equipped with an active grid turbulence generator to reduce energy loss and increase renewable energy power.
Researchers found altered immune responses and sex-specific brain abnormalities in healthy pig offspring infected with Zika virus in-utero. The study suggests new strategies to prevent long-term effects of Zika infection.
Researchers have successfully created a new one-way street for light by cooling photons to a Bose-Einstein condensate. This process causes the light to collect in optical valleys from which it can no longer return, effectively irreversibly dividing the light beam. The findings could be of interest for future quantum communication.
The study estimates that preserving 270 million hectares of native vegetation yields Brazil USD 1.5 trillion per year in ecosystem services such as crop pollination, pest control, and water security. This research supports the importance of Legal Reserves and Permanent Conservation Areas in maintaining environmental services.
Scientists have developed a compact device that produces terahertz waves by spinning nitrous oxide molecules, offering precise control over wireless communication distances. The technology has the potential to revolutionize applications in radar, spectroscopy, and medical imaging.
New studies in Cell journal use Tara Oceans samples to assess plankton diversity, revealing a gradient of diversity along latitudes. Transcriptome study also explores microbial community gene expression and adaptations to environmental conditions.
The study found that T-DM1 resulted in a third of patients experiencing objective response and nearly 40% continuing treatment for at least six months. Patients with central nervous system metastases had shorter progression-free survival rates, highlighting the need for inclusion in randomized trials.
A team of researchers has revealed a new state of matter where Cooper pairs enable electricity to flow with some resistance. This finding challenges current theories and requires further investigation. The discovery was made using a technique that involves patterning a thin-film superconductor with arrays of tiny holes.
A new grant from the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research aims to map the Asian longhorned tick's spread and provide farmers with mitigation strategies. The project involves a tick-surveillance network and will enhance awareness about the pest, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions.
Scientists cultivate chemical reactions similar to those found on Earth, using a novel strategy to study the origin of life. The system appears to consume its raw materials, forming feedback loops and self-propagating networks.
A recent study found that mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) are released by DCD hearts following warm ischemia, correlating with subsequent contractile recovery. The research team aims to investigate the role of mtDAMPs in inflammatory responses and recovery of contractile function in cardiac grafts.
Researchers mapped opioid overdose death locations in Flint, Mich., finding three clusters with high concentrations in poorer neighborhoods. Only a small percentage of available treatment centers were located in these areas, highlighting the need for targeted resource allocation.
A study found that home-visiting by trained community workers during and after pregnancy can improve mother-child interactions. Mothers who received home visits displayed more maternal sensitivity, had harmonious interactions with their children, and had happier children at three years post-birth.
A study found a consistent association between state Prescription Drug Monitoring program adoption and death rates from heroin poisoning. States with Proactive PDMPs reported a 6% reduction in heroin poisoning mortality by the third year.
A new Stanford-led study provides a framework for environmental education programs to maximize impact. The research highlights four key facets: focusing on locally relevant issues, collaborating with experts, incorporating action-oriented learning strategies, and measuring outcomes. By implementing these principles, citizens can make m...
Research studies reveal that planktonic species diversity and functions change significantly according to latitude, with a peak around the equator and a decline towards the poles. These findings have strong ecological, environmental, and economic implications for ocean health and sustainability.
A new experimental approach captures how soil ecosystems respond to multiple drivers, revealing shifts in soil properties and microbial communities. The study's results could help identify dangerous factor combinations and tipping points for soil ecosystems in the future.
A novel method uses subcellular fractionation to quantify unconjugated AONs in nuclei, showing proportional relationship with target gene knockdown. Researchers report their results in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, highlighting the importance of accurately quantifying oligonucleotides in therapeutic applications.
A new study by George Washington University's Amanda J. Visek found that girls and boys alike rank trying their best and working hard as key to having fun in youth sports, while winning is ranked 40th in importance. The study also uncovered small yet intriguing differences in fun priorities depending on age or gender.
Researchers discovered that Crohn's disease-associated bacteria can switch between replicating and non-growing states within macrophages to tolerate antibiotics. This stress response allows a reservoir of antibiotic-tolerant bacteria to survive in the host and cause long-term inflammation and irritation.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute have created a wearable baby oxygen monitor that measures blood oxygen levels wirelessly and accurately. The device has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes for sick infants and adults with respiratory conditions.
Researchers discovered that cells with extra chromosome 21 in DS mice activated a biological circuit that detects stress and tamps down protein production, leading to cognitive impairments. By targeting this stress response, scientists were able to reverse learning and memory deficits in the mouse model.