A University of Gothenburg study found that bariatric surgery lowers cancer risk by 60% in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly those achieving and maintaining normal glucose control. The research highlights the importance of glucose control in preventing cancer in this high-risk population.
A study of US adults found a link between cannabis use and extremes of nightly sleep duration, with recent users more likely to report short or long sleep. Heavy users were 64% more likely to experience short sleep and 76% more likely to experience long sleep compared to non-users.
Researchers find that male golden orb-weaving spiders use animal magnetism and physical forces to approach females without being detected. By sensing vibrations on the web, males can balance risk and reward to survive, demonstrating complex decision-making capabilities.
The HKU team discovers a vast prokaryotic viral diversity in activated sludge, influencing pollutant removal and environmental protection. Phages can curb undesired bacteria, improving wastewater treatment efficiency.
The NUS Medicine team developed a series of thrombin inhibitors from tick transcriptome-derived sequences, offering potent anticoagulants with reduced bleeding risks. These next-generation anticoagulants hold promise for treating conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
A special form of four-stranded DNA has been found to interact with the gene that causes Cockayne Syndrome when faulty. G-quadruplexes, which form knot-like structures in DNA, specifically bind to a protein called CSB, affecting its function and potentially leading to premature ageing.
A survey of 1,100 parents found that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy differed by factors such as racial and ethnic background, education level, and previous experience with COVID-19. The study highlights the need for tailored vaccination strategies to address these disparities.
Researchers at George Mason University are refining a dynamic coaching outreach program to improve the preparation of special education personnel. The project, funded by the US Department of Education, aims to enhance university supervisors' coaching skills and prepare inservice teacher candidates for active reflection and mentorship.
A study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing explores the effectiveness of telehealth in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) in low-barrier clinic settings. The research highlights how telehealth can facilitate treatment for many patients, but also notes digital divide limitations and clinician comfort issues.
Researchers have pushed the limit of when water will freeze to -44 C by using soft interfaces like gels or lipids. This discovery has significant implications for climate prediction, cloud conditions, cryopreservation of organs, and technologies exposed to icing conditions.
Researchers at the Global Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory are working on improving remote sensing technology to detect subtle changes in forest ecosystems. They have developed a method called PIDS, which can adapt to specific user-targeted specific change detection, and paired it with Landsat data to monitor forest health and c...
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a new sodium-based battery material that overcomes the dendrite problem in earlier sodium batteries. The new material recharges as quickly as a traditional lithium-ion battery and has a higher energy capacity than existing sodium-ion batteries.
Researchers found that when people react to news, they unknowingly group themselves into polarized networks, missing out on diverse news sources. This can lead to ideologically homogenous social connections and contribute to the high rates of American political divisiveness.
Researchers find SARS-CoV-2 infects sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium of COVID-19 patients, replicating vigorously within these cells. The virus does not appear to infect nerve cells, instead affecting sensory neurons indirectly through insufficient support from sustentacular cells.
A new targeted nanomedicine treatment developed at the University of Chicago has shown promise in reducing vascular lesions caused by atherosclerosis. The treatment delivers medicine directly to inflamed cells, targeting the site of inflammation and inhibiting stenosis, the remodeling of vascular tissue that causes it to close off.
Research at IPK Leibniz Institute reveals that grain number in barley is influenced by different factors depending on the row-type, with maximum spikelet number being key for two-rowed varieties and spikelet fertility for six-rowed ones.
A large-scale epidemiologic study in China identified links between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of MAFLD, especially in individuals with unhealthy lifestyles and central obesity.
A team of researchers used the X-ray laser European XFEL to study the detailed dynamics of how water molecules break apart when exposed to high-energy radiation. The study reveals that the disintegration process is more complicated than expected, with the oxygen atom not being flung away hard when the molecule breaks up.
New research from the Prevention Research Center found that youth exposed to tobacco marketing were more likely to use both tobacco and cannabis on the same day. The study used GPS data and surveys to track youth travel patterns and exposure to tobacco outlets.
Women with breast implants after mastectomy are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to chemotherapy and radiation. Inaccuracies in cardiac imaging studies, such as echocardiography and nuclear tests, have been reported in some cases.
A phase II clinical trial at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found significantly higher survival rates for children with high-risk neuroblastoma treated with chemoimmunotherapy and the humanized monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A, resulting in a three-year disease-free survival rate of 73.7% and an overall survival rate of 86%.
Researchers developed a communication-effective, divide and conquer algorithm to address computational challenges in large-scale data analysis. The algorithm combines summary statistics from subsystems using confidence distributions, balancing statistical accuracy and computational efficiency.
Researchers developed an AI system to predict ICU admission for COVID-19 patients based on over 200 clinical data points. The system achieved greater than 95-per-cent accuracy in predicting ICU need for new cases and identified key factors driving its predictions.
A recent study found that Black adults experience more pronounced mental health challenges than white adults in response to COVID-19 pandemic stresses. Younger Black adults are particularly vulnerable, with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to their older counterparts.
Researchers found that three recognized Redpoll species are genetically identical, differing only by a 'supergene' controlling plumage color and morphology. This finding builds on previous research suggesting this might be the case, using greater genetic technological capability to examine the full genome of the birds.
Researchers found that migratory bird species tend to be lighter colored than non-migratory species, reducing the risk of overheating during extreme journeys. The study's findings suggest that lighter plumage coloration helps birds absorb less heat and stay cooler in the hot sun.
A new study developed by researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that a simple, self-administered test can identify early signs of dementia sooner than the most commonly used office-based standard cognitive test. The Self-Administered Gerocognitive Examination (SAGE test) accurately identified patients with mil...
A new study reveals that extracellular vesicles deliver genetic instructions for the longevity protein Klotho to muscle cells, which declines with age. This finding suggests that EVs could be developed into novel therapies for healing damaged muscle tissue and improving functional recovery in older individuals.
Researchers have paired Barton's base, a 1980s catalyst, with click chemistry to accelerate complex molecule generation in biomedical research and drug development. The new ASCC method skips intermediate steps, reducing waste and enhancing 'green credentials',
A new review study explores the potential of neuromodulation therapies, including rTMS and ECT, in treating depression. The study suggests that these treatments offer promise and can be used in combination with other modalities to improve efficacy.
Despite making progress, genome sequencing of 1.66 million animal species remains incomplete, with vertebrates accounting for 54% of current sequences. Invertebrates, including insects and spiders, comprise only 34% despite representing 78.5% of all species.
Researchers developed an emotional stop-signal task to assess negative urgency, a clinical form of impulsivity linked to depression and ADHD. The study found that individuals with poor impulse control reacted faster to disturbing images, indicating potential psychiatric problems.
Heidelberg researchers have created a rapid process for 3D imaging of cells using soft X-ray tomography, enabling high-resolution images in just five to ten minutes. This technology provides valuable insights into viral diseases and their impact on infected cells.
Researchers at UT Austin developed a sodium-sulfur battery that solves key challenges in its production, enabling longer life cycles and stable performance. The breakthrough electrolyte prevents unwanted reactions and prolongs the battery's lifespan.
Researchers have created a new liquid crystal compound with ultra-short helix pitch and spiral ordering, making it ideal for fast-switching devices. The material's thermally and chemically stable structure allows for easy customization of pitch lengths.
Two studies published in Language reveal persistent gender bias in both peer-reviewed journal articles and course materials used in linguistics. Linguistics textbooks exhibit male-gendered protagonists more often, while research articles show stereotypes about men and women, with non-binary identities absent.
A team of engineers at Northern Arizona University is developing an instrumented bike with sensors and a video device to detect real-time quality of cycling infrastructure systems. The bike will share data with cyclists and municipal authorities to improve road safety and maintenance.
Scientists have uncovered the structure of a Black Widow neurotoxin using cryo-electron microscopy, which could lead to the development of an antidote and new pesticides. The findings are a major breakthrough in understanding the molecular mechanism of the toxin.
Researchers at A*STAR's Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology have discovered a novel protein therapy using Agrin to promote wound healing and repair. The study found that timely induction or exogenous supplementation of Agrin accelerates the healing process, preserving the mechanical architecture of injured skin layers.
A study of 323 parents found that daily stress levels, especially in the afternoon and evening, led to increased use of corporal punishment and psychological aggression. The researchers suggest that parents' stress levels in the moment may play a greater role in their discipline practices than overall stress levels.
Researchers at USC developed a new peptide that stimulates the host's immune response to fight bacterial infections, offering an alternative to antibiotics. The peptide, MTD12813, is highly effective in clearing infections and modulates inflammation, reducing the risk of complications.
Researchers have developed new preclinical models to understand gastric cancer development and spread. Using these models, they identified Lgr5-expressing tumour cells as responsible for driving gastric cancer growth and spread, establishing them as a potential therapeutic target.
A new study found that people who see artists as collaborators in their local communities are more likely to support public funding for artists. The researchers also discovered that individuals with liberal views, blacks, Hispanics, and those with a college education are more supportive of public funding.
Researchers created a disease map of genes involved in eye disorders, shedding light on how individual cells respond to external factors like injury. The study paves the way for regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapies for eye diseases.
A new study estimates that burrowing animals like badgers and porcupines can weaken levees to the point of collapse, causing localized flooding. Dens at higher elevations in a levee are more dangerous than those near the bottom, with potential for catastrophic failure.
Researchers from Drexel University's Autism Institute found that professional development providers with larger, more supportive networks perform better as coaches for teachers of autistic students. They also discovered that coaching support is more important than financial support for performance outcomes.
A new analysis proposes four solutions states can implement to improve Medicaid eligibility for seniors, including eliminating the asset test or increasing its limit. This could lead to lower administrative burdens and improved health outcomes for eligible individuals.
Researchers have documented a new type of slow earthquake in British Columbia, Canada, triggered by hydraulic fracturing. The events exhibit unique features suggesting they rupture more slowly than conventional earthquakes, challenging the current understanding of induced earthquakes.
Researchers developed a web-based toolkit to integrate SafERteens into routine clinical care, which showed promising results in emergency departments and primary care settings. Both adapted interventions decreased violent behaviors among youth in diverse communities.
Researchers have developed a powerful new tool that can determine the diversity of hard corals on a reef by analyzing DNA in seawater samples. This method is faster, easier, and less expensive than traditional visual identification, allowing for more accurate coral reef conservation and restoration.
A new analysis of the COVID Pass tool found that daily symptom attestation helped identify over 100 cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers. The study suggests that these tools can play a crucial role in preventing transmission events, particularly when combined with testing and proper care.
A study of 3,000 adults with cataracts found that those who underwent cataract removal had a lower risk of developing dementia compared to those who didn't. The findings suggest a potential protective effect of cataract surgery on cognitive health.
Researchers at LMU have found a new marker in the blood of Covid-19 patients that correlates with disease severity. Phosphatidylserine levels can potentially trigger inflammatory processes and coagulation disorders, enabling better diagnostics and predicting severe cases.
A new protein variant called CLIP-170S allows cancer cells to dodge chemotherapy drugs, rendering them ineffective. Researchers discovered this variant in more than 60% of patients with gastric cancer and are exploring a combination therapy involving imatinib to overcome resistance.
A freely available protist culture collection supports a deeper understanding of the plant microbiome, with key findings indicating that beneficial microorganisms feed on bacteria and fungi.
A recent study by NTU Singapore and Singapore General Hospital found that mutations in the DDX3X gene are responsible for chemotherapy resistance in some blood cancer patients. The study also discovered that STAT inhibitors can effectively kill lymphoma cells with DDX3X mutations, providing hope for new treatment options.
A study found that spaceflight alters liver gene expression and reduces antioxidant capacity in mice, leading to increased oxidative stress. However, exposure to artificial gravity can mitigate some of these effects, suggesting potential for dietary supplementation to offset changes during spaceflight.
Persistent weather conditions are becoming more common in European summer, leading to prolonged heat waves and intense rainfall events. This trend is linked to increased hydro-climatic risks, especially for densely populated regions.
Researchers at the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University received $800,000 in funding to launch a podcasting and video production studio and upgrade their social media marketing efforts. The award will also support the center's operating reserve.
A third of US kids lack good and consistent health insurance, with inadequate insurance driving the trend. Families with private insurance and children with special needs are disproportionately affected.