A study of Medicare claims data found that higher segregation of hospital care is associated with poorer health outcomes for both Black and white patients. Policymakers can address this issue through payment reform efforts and expansion of health insurance coverage to reduce racial disparities in healthcare.
A study found that workaholics have a consistently negative mood throughout the day, regardless of workload. Women are more vulnerable to workaholism due to role conflict and cultural expectations.
A meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials shows that giving iron intravenously before colorectal surgery improves outcomes for patients, reducing the need for blood transfusion. The study found a significant reduction in blood transfusions by 33% in patients with colorectal cancer.
Researchers found that acoustic stimulation improved postconcussive symptoms in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury, although the benefits were largely sustained. The study's results suggest that listening to acoustic stimulation based on brain electrical activity may not improve symptoms more than randomly generated sound sti...
This article reviews the fundamentals and applications of optically trapped optical nanoparticles, highlighting their use in optical imaging, sensing, and single-particle scanning. Key findings include advances in plasmonic, lanthanide-doped, polymeric, semiconductor, and nanodiamond nanoparticles.
Virginia Tech researchers analyzed partisan media sentiment toward AI and found that liberal-leaning media tend to have a more negative tone than conservative media. The study suggests that this opposition can be attributed to concerns over AI amplifying existing social biases, such as racial and income disparities.
Researchers have developed a new type of photovoltaic cell with significant advantages over conventional solar technologies, reducing shadowing by 95% and potentially lowering energy production costs. The breakthrough paves the way for miniaturization in electronic devices and has potential applications in solar cells, space exploratio...
A new study from the University of Wisconsin-Madison suggests that reducing isoleucine intake can extend lifespan and improve health outcomes. Mice on a low-isoleucine diet lived 33% longer and showed better health markers than those on a balanced diet.
A new NIH study reveals a substantial increase in overdose mortality among pregnant and postpartum women, with the largest spike observed among those aged 35 to 44. The study highlights significant barriers, including stigma and limited socioeconomic resources, that hinder access to care.
A study by Karolinska Institutet found that drones equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) can arrive at the scene before an ambulance in 67% of cases. This lead time enables people on site to use the AED, increasing the chances of survival for patients with cardiac arrest.
A study published in Neurology found that eating more whole grains is associated with a slower rate of memory decline in Black people. Researchers analyzed data from over 3,300 participants and found that those who consumed the most whole grains had lower levels of memory decline compared to those who ate fewer whole grain foods.
Researchers develop AI methods to analyze photoluminescence data and identify factors influencing coating quality. The findings provide a blueprint for improving production processes and boosting the efficiency of highly efficient solar cells.
A team has successfully assembled the telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of Vaccinium duclouxii, revealing insights into sugar and acid accumulation, anthocyanin biosynthesis and genetic improvement. The study provides a foundation for understanding the evolution of the Vaccinium genus.
The new centre, NESST, will support the creation of over 350 jobs and inject £260m into the North East economy. It will be a hub for collaborative research, technology development, and STEM engagement activities.
Researchers analyzed medieval Bavarian teeth to understand childhood nutrition and migration. The study found that people of non-Bavarian origin migrated to the region, and women from south-eastern Europe had unique dietary patterns and artificially modified skulls. Long breastfeeding periods were also common among these women.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have identified a specific gene locus, MYNRL15, that is critical to the survival and replication of leukemia cells. Inhibiting this gene has been shown to deactivate genes necessary for AML cell survival, offering a new possibility for fighting leukemia.
A research team led by Prof. Gong Weimin has revealed the pro-phagocytic function of GPR84 signaling in immune cells, particularly macrophages, against cancer cells. The study provides structural insights into GPR84 and its role in mediating phagocytosis, offering a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 studies involving 875 patients with knee osteoarthritis found significant reductions in patient-reported pain from the third month onwards. Stem cell treatment was most effective when using patient's own fat-derived stem cells, leading to better pain alleviation and recovery of joint function.
The study reveals that bilateral cooperation intensity has gradually strengthened between China and Russia over the past three decades. Energy trade assumed new importance after 2008, while military cooperation showed a more varied pattern of evolution. Political cooperation structures the Sino-Russian relationship, driving its progress.
Researchers will create slow and cold atomic beams using partially cooled lithium and accommodated tritium, enabling precision neutrino mass measurements. This innovative approach aims to fill the unknown absolute value of the neutrino's mass, a key hole in our understanding of particle physics.
A Nepalese survey found that 1 in 5 men who have sex with men reported attempting suicide, with over 40% experiencing suicidal ideation. The study also highlights the need for increased support and resources for MSM individuals in Nepal.
A new publication introduces a multi-synaptic photonic SNN based on a DFB-SA chip, showcasing its ability to simulate neuron-like dynamics and improve network performance. The algorithm's learning efficiency and performance were excellent, with improved robustness through time coding.
Scientists discovered that malate decarboxylase CsNADP-ME2 mediates the balance of carbon and amino acid metabolism in cucumber fruit. The enzyme plays a crucial role in promoting the production of soluble sugars and starch, while down-regulating its expression leads to increased malate accumulation.
A new study from McGill University and international collaborators investigates the role of temperature in determining animal species' current and potential habitats. The research reveals that temperature is less directly limiting for land animals like reptiles, amphibians, and insects than previously thought.
A new study found that most people with colorectal cancer in sub-Saharan Africa receive inadequate treatment, leading to significantly improved life expectancy through simple measures. The mortality rate is up to 3.5 times higher in regions studied compared to countries with medium HDI scores.
Research analyzing over 1.4 million Americans finds significant disparities in automation job displacement risk across race and gender. The study highlights the importance of education in reducing automation risks and addressing existing racial and gender disparities.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose before the first infection significantly reduces the risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition. Vaccinated individuals were approximately four times less likely to be diagnosed with long COVID compared to unvaccinated individuals.
A new study at the University of Turku discovered that plixorafenib inhibits multiple signaling pathways in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, showing promise for treatment. The drug was originally developed for melanoma and lung cancer, but its effectiveness against cSCC is significant.
Researchers transplanted gut microbes from a naturally obesity-resistant shrew to high-fat-diet-induced obese mice, improving microbiome diversity. This approach resulted in decreased weight gain in the obese mice, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for human obesity.
A new framework demonstrates that proportionately more multi-homing consumers lead to significant efficiency gains when integrating two business platforms. However, this trend also creates higher barriers to entry for new platform firms and may require policy guidance to mitigate potential harms of platform mergers.
Researchers develop method to produce valuable chemicals at lower cost, using ozone and copper catalyst. This breakthrough could make cancer treatment more affordable, with prices potentially reduced from thousands to just a few dollars.
Researchers have unlocked the developmental mechanism of a unique reproductive process in Japanese green syllid worms. The stolon, a detached body part with gametes, swims autonomously and spawns after developing eyes, antennae, and swimming bristles.
A study of over 2.9 million patients found that gender concordance was associated with lower mortality for female patients, but higher mortality for male patients. The quality of surgical care provided by female surgeons is equivalent to or slightly better than that provided by male surgeons.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered that subtle ear sounds can be decoded to pinpoint where someone's eyes are looking. By analyzing these sounds, the team was able to estimate the movement of the eyes and predict what the waveform of the ear sound would look like.
Researchers from ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition advocate for repurposing non-cancerous drugs to target Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), which are resilient to conventional treatments. The study identified a range of non-cancer drugs with potential to target CSCs directly, and combining these with micronutrients amplifies their anticance...
A study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that COVID-19 has negatively impacted bone tissue, particularly among young adults. The research indicates a significant decrease in bone mineral density during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic measurements.
A study found that cancer patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher mortality and hospitalization rates compared to non-cancer patients, highlighting the increased risk of severe illness. COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients reduced this risk, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in protecting vulnerable populations.
The James Webb Space Telescope observed the exoplanet WASP-80 b and detected methane gas and water vapor in its atmosphere. This is the first detection of methane in an exoplanet's atmosphere using space-based spectroscopy.
PoWRKY71 transcription factor regulates drought tolerance in Paeonia ostii by directly activating the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene. Overexpression of PoWRKY71 enhances drought tolerance, while silencing reduces it.
A new study published in PLOS ONE reveals the earliest known fossil of the modern European common hippopotamus, dating back to the Middle Pleistocene period. The analysis of a fossil skull from Italy confirms the identity of the species and provides insights into its dispersal history.
A new study estimates that climate change and coastal land usage will result in significant shrinkage of coral habitats, tidal marshes, and mangroves. In contrast, macroalgal beds are expected to remain stable, while seagrass meadows may expand due to increased sunlight penetration.
Researchers have developed a method to camouflage stem cell-derived transplants, avoiding immune rejection and tumor formation. Genetically engineered liver cells can persist in the body despite lack of immune matching, offering a potential solution to organ donor shortage.
LIBRA surpasses existing tools in increasing cell-type resolution and predictive power across paired data sets, especially with adaptive parameter optimization (aLIBRA). The tool's performance is significantly boosted by aLIBRA, outperforming other methods in chromatin accessibility prediction.
Researchers developed an AI tool that can identify never-smokers at high risk for lung cancer based on their chest X-ray images. The study found that 28% of non-smokers were deemed high risk by the model, and these patients had a 2.1 times greater risk of developing lung cancer compared to low-risk individuals.
A study of 278,000 individuals in Sweden found that longer cumulative duration of ADHD medication use was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and arterial disease. Clinicians should regularly monitor cardiovascular signs and symptoms during long-term treatment.
Researchers found that cancer cells with multiple mutations alter cell competition, allowing them to infiltrate and form highly invasive tumors. The study identified a key mechanism, MMP21, which promotes the production of diffusely invasive cancer cells.
Researchers at USTC develop a secure NIZKP protocol using device-independent quantum random numbers, enhancing the security of zero-knowledge proofs. The system ensures the integrity and authenticity of random numbers during transmission.
A Concordia University study found that Canadians of all sizes hold negative attitudes towards individuals with overweight and obesity, often internalizing these feelings and blaming their own behavior. The study also showed that females are more likely to report weight bias internalization than males.
A large US study found that death rates after major surgery are similar whether a male or female surgeon operates on a male or female patient. Despite small differences, researchers believe their findings can help improve processes and patterns of care for all patients.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have discovered a novel mechanism behind itch, revealing that Staphylococcus aureus single-handedly causes itch by instigating a molecular chain reaction. The study found that the bacterium's enzyme protease V8 activates protein PAR1 on skin neurons, leading to the sensation of itch.
A new paper from climate economists at the University of Oxford identifies sensitive intervention points that could unlock significant progress towards the Paris Agreement with the least risk and highest impact. These include critical tipping points in renewable energy, networks of powerful political figures, and windows of opportunity...
A study of 300 US adults reveals that individuals experiencing perceived status threat exhibit increased age, conservatism, and paranoid tendencies. The research also associates these traits with a conspiracy mentality.
Researchers at Hudson Institute of Medical Research discovered a novel RUNX1 genetic variant linked to unexplained severe osteoporosis in young adults. The study's findings suggest that this mutation may be responsible for the condition's severity and potentially lead to targeted treatment options.
A computational study conducted by Brazilian researchers found that current density and active species concentration are the main variables affecting capacity loss. The approach successfully mitigated cross-contamination, providing an optimal flow between electrolyte tanks under different operating conditions.
A new tool called dahliagram enables cross-disciplinary collaboration to study past and present human-environmental interactions. The tool allows researchers to analyze and visualize diverse data sources, promoting nuanced understanding and testing hypotheses.
A study of 452 Black pregnant patients found that 62% reported depression in combination with anxiety or stress. Prenatal screening for mental health concerns is necessary to address these co-occurring issues.
A team of researchers has found a way to get antibacterial drugs through the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making it more vulnerable to treatment. By using machine learning and testing various compounds, they discovered how to create new compounds that can penetrate the bacterium's defenses.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have found that quinoa's 'bladder cells' do not protect against salt and drought, but instead serve as a barrier against pests and diseases. The discovery could lead to more resilient quinoa varieties for global cultivation.
A research team from USTC discovered incomplete set of stator units in flagellar motors of bacteria, dispelling previous assumption that motors are under high load. The results demonstrate the robustness of flagellar rotation against changes in load condition.
Researchers at UChicago find that trans-vaccenic acid (TVA), a fatty acid in meat and dairy, enhances CD8+ T cell immunity against tumors. TVA also improves response to immunotherapy treatments for patients with higher levels of the nutrient in their blood.