Researchers found that nanoparticles of zinc oxide are twice as toxic to colon cells as conventional zinc oxide. The study's results suggest that accidental ingestion of sunscreen products could lead to toxicity in humans.
Researchers at Harvard University have tracked individual atoms as they reorganized into a crystal, driven by quantum mechanics. This achievement opens possibilities for particle-by-particle study and engineering of artificial quantum materials.
Research in particle diffusion reveals that periodic constrictions slow down drift and diffusion under weak driving forces. In contrast, strong driving forces induce intermittent transitions between compartments, increasing the diffusion coefficient.
Assistant Professor Zahra Hazari aims to empower students toward long-term learning in physics by identifying personally meaningful learning experiences. She will develop lesson plans connecting physics to real-world contexts to counter stereotypes and attract more students to physics careers.
The study of single-particle resonant states in deformed relativistic potentials is essential for understanding exotic short-lived nuclei far from stability. The research team finds that the admixture of s1/2 component determines the occurrence of single-neutron resonant states as functions of the axial deformation parameter.
Art McDonald, a world-renowned expert in nuclear and particle physics, has been awarded the 2010 Killam Prize for his groundbreaking work on neutrinos. His research at Queen's Sudbury Neutrino Observatory led to a deeper understanding of neutrino properties and their effects in the early universe.
A new integrated circuit, designed by Southern Methodist University physicists, can transmit data at 5.8 billion-bits per second in the Large Hadron Collider, the largest particle accelerator in Europe. The 'link-on-chip' serializer circuit is critical for the upgrade of the collider and plans to increase data speed and number of lanes.
Physicists at NYU have created colloidal dispersions with programmable particle interactions, offering opportunities for engineering smart composite particles and new functional materials. The 'lock and key' mechanism allows specific particles to join together based on shape, marking a next step in understanding self-assembly processes.
Particle No. 30, named Orion and Sirius, have been identified as the most likely interstellar candidates discovered to date. The discovery was made by a team of researchers using non-destructive X-ray analysis techniques.
A team of international researchers led by Kent State University's Declan Keane and Jinhui Chen discovered the most massive antinucleus to date, containing an antiproton, antineutron, and anti-Lambda particle. The finding opens new dimensions in physics research, particularly in addressing the asymmetry between matter and antimatter.
The European Commission Joint Research Centre is developing high-sensitivity particle analysis to detect nuclear materials in aerosol particles. The new laboratory will increase detection speed and sensitivity by a factor of ten, improving safeguards particle analysis.
Researchers from Queen's University are making progress in detecting dark matter using the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment. The team, led by Professor Wolfgang Rau, has observed two events with characteristics of an interaction involving a dark matter particle, but further analysis is needed to confirm the results.
Researchers are working on improving the efficiency of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made of niobium to accelerate beams of subatomic particles in next-generation high-energy physics experiments. This could lead to powerful accelerators that open new frontiers in physics without increasing size.
Researchers at University of Innsbruck simulate Dirac equation using calcium ion, demonstrating Zitterbewegung and antiparticle behavior. The experiment provides a proof-of-principle for simulating relativistic quantum systems.
A Rice University team developed a single nanoparticle that can be tracked in real-time with MRI as it targets cancer cells, tags them with fluorescent dye and kills them with heat. This all-in-one particle is a promising example of theranostics, a growing field developing technologies for diagnosis and treatment in one procedure.
This study investigates the effects of low sulfur diesel fuel on ultrafine particle emissions from a compression-ignition engine. The results show that the fuel reduces both mass concentration and number concentration of particles, which can help mitigate respiratory problems. The composition of nanoparticles emitted from ordinary dies...
Giovanni Ossola's NSF-funded project aims to improve the accuracy of LHC computations using his OPP Method. He plans to involve students in the experiment, promoting stronger ties between CERN and City Tech.
Physicists have improved measurements of the top quark's mass, which bears on the nature of the Higgs boson. The new world average value constrains the range of possible Higgs measurements more tightly than ever.
The Louisiana Tech team is part of the ATLAS collaboration for the Large Hadron Collider, investigating new physics beyond the Standard Model. They have directly contributed to data quality software development and will analyze the data to make important discoveries.
Researchers achieved a world record by consuming approximately 19% of its low-enriched uranium, more than double the previous record. The advanced fuel design demonstrates robustness and safety, paving the way for commercial-scale HTGR fuel production.
A NJIT engineer has discovered that particles disperse rapidly on liquid surfaces due to the oscillation of particles in a phenomenon known as repulsive hydrodynamic force. The smaller the particles, the faster they move, with nanometer-sized particles reaching speeds of up to 167 kilometers per hour.
The neutrino detector will test matter/antimatter symmetry, potentially explaining the universe's matter dominance. Located 4,800 feet underground, the detector will block out most radiation and capture ultraviolet light from charged particles.
Researchers found that tamoxifen citrate, raloxifene, and tibolone reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer, but increase the risk for adverse events. Particle beam radiation therapy may be more effective in treating cancer while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Researchers at UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory detected a large effect of the weak interaction in Ytterbium, about 100 times bigger than seen in Cesium. This finding opens up new opportunities for sensitive searches for new physics using tabletop atomic physics techniques.
Rice University has received $11.1 million in federal stimulus funding to construct the Brockman Hall for Physics, a new research facility supporting fundamental and applied physics research. The building will enable Rice to remain on the cutting edge of physical science research with state-of-the-art facilities.
The NASA Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has discovered a third class of active galaxies that emit gamma rays, opening a new window in the field. The telescope has detected gamma rays from dozens of galaxies beyond our own, including Seyfert galaxies and blazars.
A new type of optical particle trap has been developed by UCSC researchers to manipulate particles on a chip. This innovation enables the rapid detection and sorting of bacteria and viruses, with potential applications in hospitals and research labs.
The CDF collaboration observes the Omega-sub-b baryon with two strange quarks and a bottom quark, confirming theoretical expectations but conflicting with a previous DZero result. The discovery strengthens physicists' confidence in their understanding of quark matter formation and opens a new window for investigating this rare object.
A physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory has developed a compact and cost-effective gantry design for delivering tumor-killing particle beams, reducing weight and size by up to 100 times. This new design could make precision particle therapy available to more cancer patients worldwide.
Researchers from University of Nevada, Reno set new constraints on extra Z-boson particle, a carrier of the fifth force of nature. The team achieved high-precision analysis of atomic parity violation in cesium atoms, outperforming previous experiments with increased computational complexity.
Florida Institute of Technology professors Ming Zhang and Hamid Rassoul receive a $411,000 NASA grant to investigate the physics of particle transport in the distant heliosphere. The IBEX spacecraft mission will observe particles from beyond Pluto's orbit, providing insights into cosmic rays and future human space travel.
The discovery of single top quark production at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory marks a milestone in understanding matter and energy. This finding fills a gap in the Standard Model of the universe, solidifying knowledge of the basic components of matter.
Scientists at Fermilab's CDF experiment have found evidence of a new, unusual particle called Y(4140), which challenges our understanding of quark combinations. The particle decays into J/psi and phi particles, suggesting a possible composition of charm and anticharm quarks.
The latest Fermilab analysis excludes a significant fraction of the allowed Higgs mass range, carving out a section between 160 and 170 GeV/c2. This result is based on data from the CDF and DZero collider experiments, which predict that the Higgs particle should have a mass between 114 and 185 GeV/c2.
The DZero collaboration has achieved the world's most precise measurement of the W boson mass, reducing its uncertainty by a factor of ten. This precision measurement will lead to stricter bounds on the mass of the elusive Higgs boson and provide insights into other not-yet-observed particles.
Researchers at Brown University have contributed to the observation of single top quarks, one of the building blocks of matter. This rare event allows scientists to understand top quark properties better.
A team of 28 scientists, led by Ann Heinson, has made the first observation of single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions. This achievement provides crucial clues to solving long-standing mysteries about the universe, particularly in relation to the Higgs boson.
Scientists confirm single top quark discovery, validating total number of quarks. The rare single top production has significance for the ongoing Higgs search at Fermilab's Tevatron.
A new study estimates that commercial ships emit about 1,100 tons of particle pollution annually, posing significant health concerns for coastal communities and affecting global climate. Ship emissions also contribute to smog-forming nitrogen oxide gases.
A study published in HortScience found that foliar particle film can increase the weight of red-skinned wine grapes by 7% and soluble solids concentration by 11%. However, it did not prevent sunburn on exposed fruit when vines were under stressful growing conditions. The results support anisohydric classification for these grapes.
Scientists at Fermilab will present talks on the proposed Project X accelerator, the latest Higgs search results from the Tevatron collider experiments, and an update on the search for dark matter using a bubble chamber. The conference features expert discussions on high-intensity accelerators and their applications in particle physics.
The institute will continue its world-class research into antimatter and dark matter, extra space-time dimensions, and the Higgs boson. The new funding will also enhance computer facilities, create permanent academic appointments, and support UK phenomenology community members.
The Carnegie Institution has been awarded a $9,400 grant to preserve and enhance access to a collection of historic photographs spanning five decades from 1904 to the 1950s. The collection includes thousands of images important to the history of geophysics, atomic physics, and astronomy.
PhysTEC's new teacher training program boosts the number of physics teachers graduating from programs by a factor of 10. The initiative provides critical mentoring support and transforms content courses to help future physics teachers teach in an interactive way.
The new technology characterizes particle shapes using a probe that collects images of the crystallization process, enabling pharmaceutical companies to monitor and optimize processes. This approach has the potential to revolutionize the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector by achieving 'Six Sigma' quality standards.
Physics aims to pull outstanding papers from the American Physical Society's peer-reviewed publications, including Physical Review Letters and the Physical Review series. The online publication features Viewpoints, Trends, and Synopses, providing in-depth commentary and summaries of exceptional research.
The Large Hadron Collider has sent its first beam of protons around the world's most powerful particle accelerator at nearly the speed of light. Scientists believe this achievement could unlock extraordinary discoveries about the nature of the physical universe.
University of Michigan physicists played a key role in detecting the Omega b baryon, an exotic relative of the proton. This discovery provides insight into the strong force and matter's formation in the universe.
Physicists at Fermilab have discovered a new particle called the Omega-sub-b baryon, composed of two strange quarks and a bottom quark, with a mass of 6.165 GeV/c2. The discovery brings scientists closer to understanding quark formation and completing the periodic table of baryons.
The Large Hadron Collider is poised to generate a bonanza of experimental data, putting hotly debated theories to the test. Potential breakthroughs include an explanation of mass and identification of dark matter.
Researchers are investigating SEP transport in 3D heliospheric magnetic fields to understand why some events occur without magnetic connection to the Sun. The goal is to assess cross-field diffusion's role in charged particle transport.
The Department of Homeland Security has awarded a $589,000 continuation grant to Florida Tech associate professor Marcus Hohlmann for his research on using subatomic particles to detect hidden nuclear materials in cargo. The project uses muon radiography and a novel micro-pattern particle detector to identify potential threats.
A consensus statement by ADA and ACC recognizes NMR measurement of LDL particle number as a more accurate assessment of cardiometabolic risk. This method appears to be more closely associated with cardiovascular disease risk than traditional LDL and non-HDL cholesterol measures.
Researchers investigated B-meson decays to understand the origin of matter's dominance over antimatter in the universe. The study reveals a significant discrepancy between theoretical models and observations, suggesting the presence of a new principle of physics.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have discovered a new method to control fluid particle motion in tiny channels. By arranging particles in layers aligned with channel boundaries, they can promote faster particle transport and improve the efficiency of micro- and nano-scale technologies.
Physicists with the CLEO collaboration have confirmed a decades-old prediction by observing a rare and extremely short-lived subatomic particle called charmed-strange meson. The particle decays into a proton and anti-neutron, producing about 10% of all collisions in the accelerator.
The American Association of Physicists in Medicine celebrates its 50th anniversary, highlighting key contributions of medical physicists to medicine. Medical physicists have developed technologies such as MRI, CT scanning, and PET scanning, which have transformed imaging and cancer treatment.
Physicists at RHIC have developed a way to measure subtle fluctuations in particle beams and send corrections ahead to smooth out scattering. This technique, called stochastic cooling, aims to recreate the conditions of the early universe, potentially saving time and money.
Yu Lu receives the AIP Tate Medal for his four-decade-long efforts in bringing together world's condensed matter physics community and promoting international collaboration. He has authored nearly 200 research papers and three books, and played a key role in organizing scientific activities in developing countries.
The American Institute of Physics (AIP) has awarded the 2008 Dannie Heineman Prizes to Mitchell Feigenbaum for his work on deterministic chaos and Andrew Fabian for his pioneering research in X-ray astronomy. These awards recognize their significant contributions to their respective fields.