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Cornell University


Computer Simulation To Predict Forest Fires

A computer simulation by Cornell University geologists shows that forest fires follow a fractal distribution, similar to other natural events. By analyzing data from forests and wildfires worldwide, including Yellowstone National Park, the researchers found that allowing smaller fires to burn can prevent larger ones.

SourceCornell University·JournalScience·DateSep 17, 1998

Cattle Diets Could Control E. Coli Danger

Researchers at Cornell University discovered that feeding cattle hay for five days before slaughter can reduce acid-resistant E. coli infections in humans. This simple change in diet can cut the risk of E. coli contamination, which causes over 20,000 annual infections and 200 deaths in the US.

SourceCornell University·JournalScience·DateSep 10, 1998

Tiny Pellets Could Deliver Alzheimer's Drugs

Researchers at Cornell University have developed tiny polymer pellets containing NGF that can regenerate dying cells and improve cognitive function in rats. The system targets specific brain areas and releases NGF molecules over a period of months, offering potential for a one-time treatment for Alzheimer's.

Obesity Bigger Turnoff Than Eating Disorder

A recent Cornell University study found that men are less accepting of obese partners compared to women with eating disorders. The study surveyed 752 university students and revealed that 74% of men would be uncomfortable dating someone who is obese, while only 59% said they wouldn't date a woman with an eating disorder. This disparity...

SourceCornell University·JournalWomen & Health·DateAug 14, 1998

Paper Wasp Queens Wait To Hijack Or Adopt

Researchers discovered that female paper wasps sit and wait for opportunities to adopt orphaned nests or hijack others, a risky behavior with high reproductive benefits. Adopting the most mature nests allows these queens to produce workers quickly, increasing colony survival.

SourceCornell University·JournalProceedings of the Royal Society of London·DateAug 7, 1998

Clever Chemistry Protects Beetle Babies

A team of Cornell University researchers discovered that beetle pupae can create hundreds of deterrent compounds using combinatorial chemistry. The pupae secrete these complex chemicals through microscopic body hairs, thwarting most predators and ensuring their survival in the field.

SourceCornell University·JournalScience·DateJul 16, 1998

'Auditory Scene Analysis' Helps Find Mates

Researchers at Cornell University discovered that the auditory portion of the midbrain uses acoustic qualities to isolate one signal as potentially interesting, similar to the cocktail party effect. This ability helps female midshipman fish locate the hum of interest among multiple signals.

New Packaging Sweetens Grapefruit Juice

Researchers at Cornell University have developed a special type of packaging that reduces the bitterness in grapefruit juice. The new packaging system uses an enzyme called naringinase to neutralize the bitter compounds found in fresh citrus fruit, resulting in a sweeter taste.

Elderly Modify Homes Despite The Cost

A Cornell University study reveals that 6.4 million homes have modifications to accommodate elderly residents' physical limitations. The most common types of modifications include bathroom grab bars and wheelchair ramps, with 60% of homes with someone over 90 modified for mobility.

SourceCornell University·JournalApplied Economics·DateJun 23, 1998

Why Some Microwaved Foods Explode

A Cornell University professor has developed mathematical and computer models to explain how different foods are affected by microwave heating. The models take into account food characteristics, placement in the oven, and oven power, providing a quantum leap in understanding of microwaving behavior. This research aims to improve the U....

Measuring Bonds In A Single Molecule

A team of Cornell University physicists successfully measured the frequency of atomic vibrations in a single molecule of acetylene, providing a new way to identify and study molecular bonds. This technique, called vibrational microscopy, has potential applications in understanding catalysts and biological molecules like DNA.

SourceCornell University·JournalScience·DateJun 11, 1998

Tracking Pulsars By Their Twinkle

Cornell University astronomers James Cordes and Barney Rickett have developed a method to calculate the speed and distance of extremely fast-moving neutron stars, called pulsars, by analyzing their twinkling rate. By combining data from two large radio telescopes, they can identify new pulsars and better understand their physics.

Volunteering Aids Retirement Well-Being

A new study by Cornell University finds that volunteering enhances psychological well-being in retirement, particularly for men, urbanites, and those with less income. Volunteering also gives individuals a sense of mastery over their lives, promoting social relationships and self-identity.

Human Clinical Trial Of Edible Vaccine Works

A human clinical trial of an edible vaccine has shown promising results, indicating that consumption can result in immunity to specific diseases. The vaccine was tested on volunteers who ate genetically altered potatoes and showed a significant immune response, with antibodies found in both blood and stool samples.

SourceCornell University·JournalNature Medicine·DateApr 27, 1998

Fruits And Vegetables Protect Lungs

A new study found that consuming high levels of antioxidants like beta carotene, selenium, and vitamins C and E can significantly improve lung function, comparable to the difference between a nonsmoker and a long-term smoker. The research suggests that these antioxidants may help prevent asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.

SourceCornell University·JournalAmerican Journal of Epidemiology·DateApr 18, 1998

Molecular Memory Tunes Adrenaline To Stress

Cornell University researchers discovered how chronic stress intensifies the adrenaline response by controlling the structure of donut-shaped protein channels on adrenal cells. This 'molecular memory' can be influenced by lifestyle factors, paving the way for gene therapy and potential treatments for hypertension and heart attacks.

SourceCornell University·JournalScience·DateApr 17, 1998

Retinoic Acid Used In Cancer Treatment

Cornell University researchers found that retinoic acid reverses the growth-promoting effects of oncogenes, which induce cancer. The study suggests enhanced therapies for leukemia and highlights the cancer-prevention role of carotenes in a diet rich in yellow-orange vegetables.

SourceCornell University·JournalCancer Research·DateApr 13, 1998

A Cloud Of Water In Interstellar Space

A team of U.S. astronomers has discovered a massive concentration of water vapor within a cloud of interstellar gas close to the Orion nebula, measuring 20 times larger than observed in other clouds. The high amount of water vapor could provide crucial clues about the origin of water in the solar system.

SourceCornell University·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateApr 9, 1998

Higher Prices Won't Stop Teenage Smokers

A new Cornell University study finds that higher taxes on cigarettes will have a statistically insignificant impact on reducing teenage smoking rates. Higher taxes are estimated to reduce the number of new teen-age smokers by less than half a percentage point or two percentage points, respectively.

Tinkertoy Robot Shows How Humans Walk

A Cornell University robot made from plastic Tinkertoy parts has been shown to perform repeatable, chattering, human-like stable steps without falling over on a gentle slope. The robot's design provides new insights into the mechanics of walking and may have implications for designing better powered and controlled biped robots.

SourceCornell University·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateApr 7, 1998

Microchip Sensor Detects Bacteria

Cornell University researchers have developed simple but effective means to detect harmful bacteria using nanofabrication and biology. The new biosensors can be read using a laser beam and provide an instant reading of bacterial contamination, making them ideal for use in food production lines or other sensitive areas.

SourceCornell University·JournalAnalytical Chemistry·DateApr 7, 1998

Malthus + 200: Disastrous 'Correction' Looms

Anthropologist David Price warns that world population's dire Malthusian 'correction' is inevitable due to finite resources. Despite progress in measures to prevent overpopulation, the stakes are higher now than ever, with proportionately more loss expected.

SourceCornell University·JournalPopulation and Environment·DateMar 25, 1998

10 Million Report Hunger, Even With Jobs

A new study from Cornell University and the National Center for Health Statistics found that 4% of Americans experience food insufficiency, including 6% of children and 14% of low-income populations. Many individuals without health insurance are forced to choose between paying for healthcare and feeding their families.

SourceCornell University·JournalAmerican Journal of Public Health·DateMar 24, 1998

Rotating A Single Oxygen Molecule

Cornell University scientists demonstrate a concept that could be used in ultra-small electronic devices by isolating a single oxygen molecule and causing it to rotate on command. The experiment provided basic research information about the nature of the chemical bond formed when an oxygen molecule is adsorbed to a platinum surface.

SourceCornell University·JournalScience·DateMar 20, 1998

Mirror Surfaces With Nary An Atom Exposed

A team of researchers is working on creating silicon surfaces that are essentially totally flat, which could improve the performance of transistors in the semiconductor industry. The technique uses a basic hydrofluoric acid solution to etch away surface atoms one by one, producing small areas with perfect flatness.

Dog Blindness Gene May Help Humans

Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a genetic correlation between dog blindness and a similar human disease, potentially leading to new treatments for human eye disorders. The study identifies the canine version of the human RP17 gene defect, which could lead to gene therapy methods for both dogs and humans.

SourceCornell University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMar 16, 1998

Nanoprobe Array Of STMs To Expand Data Storage

Researchers at Cornell University have developed an array of microscopic scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) to speed up data storage. By depositing small bumps on a surface, the array can store up to 12 terabytes of data in a square centimeter, exceeding modern computer hard disk storage capabilities.

SourceCornell University·JournalReview of Scientific Instruments·DateMar 12, 1998

Virulent Fungus Devastating Potato Crops

A new, aggressive strain of the late blight fungus, US-8, is devastating potato fields in the US and Canada, resistant to metalaxyl, a commonly used fungicide. The fungus reproduces rapidly, producing massive numbers of spores that can infect stored potatoes, leading to widespread crop loss.

SourceCornell University·JournalPlant Disease·DateMar 11, 1998

Federal Food Aid Makes Healthier Children

A new study by Cornell University researchers found that preschoolers receiving federal food aid have healthier diets than their low-income peers not receiving assistance. The benefits of direct food aid outweigh those of a cash allowance, with significant boosts in iron and zinc intake, as well as other essential nutrients.

SourceCornell University·JournalJournal of Nutrition·DateMar 6, 1998

Communities Affect School Achievement

Research suggests that communities with strong commitments to education and supportive parenting have more effective schools, while lack of resources can hinder educational success. Summer vacation activities also impact learning outcomes, with middle-income children making gains during this time, whereas low-income children do not.

Some Women's Work Place Inequality Grows

A new study by Cornell University labor economist Francine D. Blau found that less-educated women, particularly high school dropouts, are experiencing a deteriorating economic status. They have seen their wages fall and their level of participation in the labor market rise at a slower pace than more highly educated counterparts.

Babies Are Born With Language

Research by Barbara Lust found that American and Taiwanese children as young as 3 years old possess a remarkable understanding of complex grammar and syntax. This ability is so precise that it challenges known learning theories, suggesting that humans are biologically programmed for a language faculty.

Ant Pheromone May Aid Alzheimer's Patients

Researchers at Cornell University have identified a chemical compound, anabaseine, in the secretions of ants that shows promise as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The compound stimulates nicotine receptor sites in the brains of patients and helps reduce memory loss.

SourceCornell University·JournalZeitschrift für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften·DateFeb 2, 1998

Extraterrestrial Cuisine Cooking In Cornell Lab

A team of Cornell experts is creating a database of food-processing information and menu items for NASA's future lunar and Martian colonies. The recipes, which include vegetarian options like seitan tacos and pasta primavera, will be grown hydroponically in space farms using crops such as wheat, potatoes, rice, soy, and peanuts.

Tiger Beetles Go Blind At High Speeds

Researchers discovered that tiger beetles' ability to see shuts down when accelerating towards prey due to insufficient photon gathering. This unique behavior results in the insect's stop-and-go chase pattern, allowing it to temporarily regain its vision and catch its prey.

SourceCornell University·JournalJournal of Comparative Physiology·DateJan 16, 1998

Obesity Hinders Breast-Feeding

A Cornell University study found that overweight and obese women have significantly less success breastfeeding their babies than normal-weight counterparts. The researchers also discovered that mechanical difficulties and biological factors contribute to the lower success rates.

SourceCornell University·JournalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition·DateJan 12, 1998

Why Refugees Sell Food

A Cornell University study reveals that refugees who are desperate for salt, soap, and other essential supplies are more likely to sell or barter food. The poorest families were twice as likely to engage in these practices due to their limited access to nutritious food.

SourceCornell University·JournalThe Lancet·DateJan 8, 1998

Vegetarian Diet Pyramid Released

The Vegetarian Diet Pyramid offers a well-balanced ovo-lacto vegetarian diet plan emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. The pyramid recommends daily exercise and water intake, while optional foods include eggs and sweets.

Images Of Asteroid 253 Mathilde Published

The images taken by the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft reveal a cratered surface and porous composition of asteroid 253 Mathilde. Scientists were surprised to find large craters packed tightly on the relatively small surface, indicating that large objects can strike without destroying it.

SourceCornell University·JournalScience·DateDec 19, 1997