Articles tagged with Mathematical Modeling
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new mathematical model suggests that annual antibiotic treatments will not be enough to eradicate trachoma in areas with high incidence rates. The model predicts that these areas, which account for only 10% of total affected regions, will experience a higher rate of blindness due to reinfection.
A form of bait and switch could actually benefit consumers, say professors, as it drives prices down and stimulates in-store promotions. However, others contest this argument, citing fraudulent practices and the need for retailer competition.
Orrin Pilkey, a Duke University geologist, argues that engineering models used to predict natural processes, such as beach erosion, are flawed and damaging to society. He proposes that beach erosion is linked to rising sea levels and that some coastal engineering measures can exacerbate erosion.
A numerical analyst developed a math model with algorithms to distribute Seattle Mariners' season tickets fairly among a group of friends. The technique uses mixed-integer programming to satisfy diverse requests and preferences, achieving 46.7% success rate in assigning top-ranked games.
Researchers developed a model to predict antiviral drug resistance in genital herpes, finding that treating the disease would prevent more cases than developing resistant strains. The study suggests using this methodology for other infectious diseases prone to resistance.
Researchers have developed a fast new way to compute three-dimensional models of internal organs and anatomical features from noisy medical images. The method, based on partial-differential equations, allows doctors to build accurate models with just a single click inside the region of interest.
Subodh Kumar's software, called sLIB, significantly speeds up the display of three-dimensional models by better than 100 to 200 times over older techniques. The program also allows designers greater control over detail levels and enables testing of user ideas.
A new coupled hydrologic model system simulates storm events and river basin response by linking atmospheric and hydrological models. The model was tested on the West Branch of the Susquehanna River basin, showing improved results with historic meteorological data compared to atmospheric predictions.
Gordon Kane highlights the importance of models in physics, citing Aristotle's flawed theory as an example. He emphasizes that scientists test multiple models against reality to determine which one is correct. The Standard Model of particle physics is a prime example, developed after decades of research and testing.
A reanalysis of international data reveals a significant decline in sperm density across the United States and Europe, with the rate of decrease varying by region. The study found an average annual decrease of 1.5 million sperm per milliliter in the US and 3.1% per year in Europe.
A new mathematical model proposes the sun's magnetic field resembles a wild cyclone rather than a tidy lawn sprinkler. The model suggests that the magnetic field lines pass through different latitudes, providing a route for low-energy particles to travel from the equator to the poles.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University use computer models to study serious cardiac disorders and test potential treatments. By mimicking the heart's physiological functions in a highly detailed model, they aim to find medicines that can prolong the lives of millions suffering from congestive heart failure.
A mathematical model explains the scientific basis of radical heart surgery, potentially selecting suitable candidates for therapeutic removal of large heart muscle portions. The Batista procedure aims to improve cardiac function by reducing heart size and stress.
The study reveals that chemical activity within brain cells exhibits behavior characteristic of self-organized criticality, which may help identify disease processes. Researchers used modeling techniques to simulate brain networks and found a power law distribution of wave sizes and durations, adhering to the signature of self-organize...
Researchers have developed a new model that accurately predicts Dungeness crab population fluctuations, combining internal and external factors. The study provides a rare instance where a modeled understanding agrees with field data, offering insights into the elusiveness of population predictability.
Scientists model 1883 tsunami impact on English Bay and Homer Spit, predicting energy absorption at Anchor Point and flooding risk at Homer Spit. The model helps emergency planners understand risks and plan for potential landslides and tidal waves.
Researcher Robert Connelly uses tensegrities to model molecular structures like buckminsterfullerenes, which have unique geometric stability. His work provides insights into the behavior of certain-shaped molecules and could lead to a catalogue of stable tensegrity structures.
The review paper reviews powerful computational tools in studying ecology, genetics and evolution, infectious diseases and immunology. Computational biologists use models to understand the behavior of entire systems, mediated by smaller and larger scales.
A researcher has developed a mathematical tool to model trading patterns of stockbrokers by analyzing crowd behavior. This technique, known as Orchid Fractal Analysis, provides highly accurate models of how crowds behave, similar to modeling crowd control at football stadiums.