Articles tagged with Research and Development
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The university will use the grant to enhance its Clinical Scholars Program, which supports young investigators in a three-year educational and training program. The initiative aims to create an environment for career development of young faculty in clinical research.
Researchers at MIT created electronic maps of cellphone use in Graz, Austria, tracking tens of thousands of people using anonymous data. The project showcases the dynamics of a city in real time, opening up new possibilities for urban studies and planning.
The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research aims to recognize and reward innovative contributions to human health, as identified by a six-member international selection committee. The first Award will be presented in September 2006, with a $100,000 prize and global recognition for the recipient.
The Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute has funded 12 projects to improve healthcare delivery, governance, and policy formulation. The projects aim to enhance the collaboration between hospitals, general practice, and community care organisations to provide better health outcomes for Australians.
A novel artificial kidney utilizing nanotechnology may eliminate dialysis needs for millions worldwide. The HNF system features a wearable design with double the filtration rate of conventional hemodialysis.
Researchers at VCU demonstrated that a cytokine called interferon gamma can induce the death of developing mast cells in a mouse model system. This finding may lead to the development of new treatments for allergy and inflammatory responses in diseases such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and heart disease.
The ACS Honors 2005 Heroes of Chemistry, who developed treatments for psychosis, myeloid leukemia, and dental disease. They also created cleaner gasoline and materials for smaller computer chips.
SINTEL aims to provide automated, real-time situational information for ship crews, including threat assessment and decision aids. The lab will test and analyze threat scenarios in the NY Harbor environment using a combination of E/O and IR sensor modeling systems.
Dr. Jon Meilstrup and Dr. Mel Stratmeyer received the Presidential Recognition Award from AIUM for their intense participation, teaching, and leadership roles in the organization. The entire AIUM staff also received a surprise award for outstanding contributions to advancing ultrasound in medicine.
The Jefferson Lab FEL has been recognized as one of the top 100 most technologically significant products of 2005. It provides a scaleable path for high laser output power and enables new applications in materials science, national security, and more.
The Eye Saver provides 40 percent more surface illumination on work and reading surfaces, reducing eyestrain by lowering glare. This innovative light bulb is suitable for people of all ages and particularly useful for those afflicted with age-related macular degeneration.
A team of scientists from K-State and Brookhaven National Laboratory has developed a compact, high-resolution gamma ray detector that is cheaper to produce than existing devices. The invention, which uses a patented design by McGregor and McNeil, can be used for homeland security purposes, medical imaging, and radiation monitoring.
Scientists at IGER have created a genetic map of pearl millet DNA, enabling the rapid development of downy mildew-resistant plants. This approach allows for faster breeding techniques than traditional methods, benefiting farmers in Africa and India.
ORNL's national lab-leading total increases to 122 with three new R&D 100 awards. The innovations include the compact and energy-efficient SEMCO Revolution rooftop air conditioner and SensArray Integrated Wafer for precise semiconductor temperature control.
The Rutgers, NEI Corp., and Indian materials center partnership aims to develop nanoparticle-infused materials for various industries. The researchers will explore ways to use nanosized particles to increase the wear-resistance of metals, ceramics, and protective coatings.
A new study developed a predictive profile of children likely to respond to Pivotal Response Training (PRT), a child-directed behavioral intervention. The study successfully matched autistic children with an appropriate therapy, leading to significant gains in language skills, play skills, and social behaviors.
A magnitude 7.2-7.5 earthquake on the Puente Hills fault could result in 3,000-18,000 deaths and up to $250 billion in property damage, according to a study by the USGS and USC. The disaster would be the costliest in U.S. history due to the fault's location under Los Angeles County and adjacent areas.
Research reveals children's increasing recognition of emotional satisfaction from following rules and considering future consequences. By age 7, kids acknowledge that willpower makes people feel good, even if they don't get what they want.
The study found that classification of research and development in the services sector has become increasingly difficult due to blurring lines between manufacturing and services. The researchers make recommendations for improved definitions and revised wording of questions to improve accuracy.
PNNL's ecological dock design reduces harm to nearshore marine life, while a new system tracks juvenile salmon behavior, aiding restoration of critical habitats. The lab also developed a cost-effective nanomaterial to remove mercury from industrial wastes, significantly reducing production costs.
The research aims to determine a biological sample's origin by identifying markers, such as metal and protein changes. The Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate funds the project.
Researchers have developed an infection-fighting antibody that successfully cures disease in mice infected with West Nile virus, even when the virus had entered their brains. The monoclonal antibody was several hundred times more potent than natural antibodies and completely protected mice against death.
GM's innovative use of operations research has saved the company over $2 billion by improving productivity at 30 assembly plants worldwide. The award recognizes outstanding implemented operations research that has had a significant positive impact on GM's performance.
The UN University's new book Regulating Bioprospecting highlights the need for effective policies and institutions to tap into bioprospecting's potential. Experts argue that poor regulatory environments and market imperfections hinder investments in drug research and development from developing countries.
A study of 400 single mothers in Milwaukee found that an anti-poverty program increased the marriage rate by nearly doubling it compared to a control group. The New Hope Project provided benefits such as wage supplements, child care subsidies, and job support, leading to higher marriage rates among participants.
A recent study published in Management Science suggests that the internet may not lead to lower prices for consumers, contradicting common assumptions. The researchers found that businesses have no incentive to undercut their rivals due to easy price monitoring on the web.
Asian countries are closing the gap with the US in research and development, driven by increased talent pool, R&D spending, and patent growth. The number of researchers in Asia has grown rapidly, while US doctoral degrees have decreased, leading to a decline in US scientific capability.
The pharmaceutical industry is struggling with declining productivity and increasing R&D costs, prompting the need for innovative solutions. Personalized medicine offers a promising approach by targeting drugs to individuals likely to respond well, while regional development and cluster formation can foster collaboration and competitiv...
A new international treaty aims to address the global management of publicly funded health R&D, prioritizing diseases with a high burden such as tuberculosis and leishmaniasis. The treaty would provide a binding framework for redirecting knowledge and scientific expertise towards priority needs.
The Science.gov Alert Service sends weekly emails to patrons' desktops on their specified topics of interest. Patrons can set up an account and let Science.gov do the searching for them, with results displayed in email alerts and personalized Alert Archives.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a new method to create supercapacitors using aligned and packed carbon nanotubes on nickel foil. This innovation enables the creation of devices with high power density, up to 30 kilowatts per kilogram (kW/kg), significantly outperforming current commercial devices.
Research suggests that young children may understand word use more flexibly than previously thought, learning words through simple games and routines. Children as young as 9 months old can learn and apply new words in a decontextualized manner.
DHS has selected Stanford as its first regional center for national visual analytics work, aiming to enhance analytical reasoning with complex information. The partnership will focus on network traffic analysis, cognitive principles, and exploratory analysis of graphs in relational databases.
The Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing (CAMM) will combine resources from academia, government, and industry to speed up microelectronics manufacturing research and development in a roll-to-roll format. CAMM's R2R research capabilities include flexible displays, 'foldable' radars, and protective clothing.
The LCLS X-ray free electron laser will enable breakthrough science and imaging at the atomic scale, with initial funding of $54 million. Construction is set to begin in 2006, with a new center for ultrafast science expected to be operational by 2009.
A new study suggests that rotary blood pumps may be effective in children with heart failure, potentially saving thousands of lives by sustaining heart function until recovery or transplantation. Researchers believe the technology has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for pediatric patients.
R207910, a novel diarylquinoline compound, has demonstrated effectiveness in clearing infection from lungs of mice and reducing bacterial load by 50%. The drug's unique mechanism of action targeting ATP synthase makes it active against drug-resistant strains of TB.
New research presented at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting reveals promising results for tipifarnib, a potential treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients. The study found molecular predictors of response to tipifarnib, offering hope for improved patient outcomes.
Chandramouli and his team developed a platform-independent Rapid Steganographic Detection Suite (RSDS) to scan for hidden information in digital files, images, and emails. The software framework uses steganalytic tools and techniques to detect and analyze steganographic content, allowing users to identify potential security threats.
Computer scientists capture data on pen stroke patterns and aesthetic signatures from artworks, revealing consistencies and inconsistencies within single pieces or among works by the same artist. The technique confirms what art experts have concluded about the authorship of certain paintings.
The six winners of the 2004 AAAS Science Journalism Awards are recognized for their exceptional storytelling and dedication to science reporting. Amy Ellis Nutt's series on killer germs defeating antibiotics and Melinda Burns's story on Polynesians sharing sea-faring skills with the Chumash people were among the notable entries.
Researchers at GlaxoSmithKline have been awarded grants to develop new treatments for HIV/AIDS. Dr. Yaoxing Huang's work focuses on designing a protein that can block all three steps of the viral entry process, while Olaf Kutsch aims to identify potential inhibitors of HIV transcription using a novel screening system.
A new system will be tested at Denver International Airport to detect freezing drizzle and prevent engine damage. The system can identify the hazard more accurately than visual observation, which often goes undetected due to small droplet size.
The center aims to consolidate knowledge on protein behavior and develop a platform for screening small molecular libraries against proteases. The technology will help define the role of human proteases in physiology and pathology, enabling the development of new therapies.
The UK's productivity gap with the US, France, and Germany is substantial, driven by factors such as capital investment, skills, and innovation. Research suggests that improving competition, investing in physical and human capital, and enhancing management skills can help bridge the gap.
HBOCs increase tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery, offering a temporary solution for situations with massive hemorrhaging or blood shortages. They can effectively increase the usable blood supply in cardiac surgery, creating a 20% increase in supply.
The university will develop tools and processes for mass-producing devices at the nanoscale level, potentially catapulting the field into a $1 trillion industry by 2015. The center will also assess environmental, economic, regulatory, and ethical impacts of nanomanufacturing.
The study found that adolescents' autonomy increased over five years, with more independence in personal and multifaceted issues as they aged. Parental involvement in prudential and conventional decisions was associated with better adjustment, while joint decision-making on multifaceted issues predicted positive outcomes.
A study using Venn diagram tactics categorizes mutation types in cells from different patients, identifying a novel cause of lethal neonatal mitochondrial complex I deficiency. The authors demonstrate the technique's strength by pinpointing mutations in the NDUFS6 gene, a previously unknown contributor to this disease.
Researchers found that recovering alcoholics show significant deficits in executive functioning during abstinence's first weeks, impacting treatment compliance and daily life. This impairment can last for weeks after quitting drinking, requiring clinicians to adjust expectations.
The Lancet task force outlines a research agenda to strengthen health systems and deliver effective interventions in an equitable manner. The proposal aims to enhance capacity for delivering life-saving interventions, particularly in the developing world.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have invented a new fuel cell material called Battellion TM that can reduce the cost of production, making it more economically viable. The material has improved stability, conductivity, and manufacturing processes, allowing for longer service life and reduced weight compared to existing materials.
Health experts emphasize the need for stronger health systems to achieve improved health outcomes, but agree that a more manageable approach is needed. Disease-specific interventions can deliver quicker results, yet may lead to duplication and disruption, while system-wide approaches build benefits over time, but are less manageable.
A survey of over 200 respondents found that more than half struggled to keep track of paper documents, losing them at least once a week, compared to electronic information. The study highlights the need for better tools to help people organize their information effectively, regardless of its form or location.
Researchers found a series of genes defining a two-segment periodicity in centipede embryos, resulting in single segments that later develop legs. This mechanism limits the number of leg-bearing segments to odd numbers, with additional non-leg bearing segments also formed.
Researchers investigate auditory brainstem responses for early detection of ototoxic hearing loss, as well as sensory rehabilitation methods such as obstacle avoidance training, blind rehabilitation, and constraint-induced therapy. These studies aim to minimize or prevent debilitating hearing loss and improve mobility function in indiv...
Artificial viruses are used as standards in research labs to check analysis methods, but measuring their concentration is challenging. NIST scientists now use neutrons to measure the amount of RNA in these 'fake' viruses, allowing for more accurate detection of real viruses at early stages of infection.
The Agentase Nerve Agent Sensor detects nerve agents with high sensitivity and resistance to environmental factors, having a two- to three-year shelf life and compatibility with all testing surfaces. It is already in use in Iraq.
Schwartz aims to develop a computer model of self-assembly within cells, which will help researchers understand mechanisms controlling chemical reactions and identify promising drugs that can target viruses effectively. The grant also supports teaching advanced methods in biological modeling and simulation.
Radatec's innovative sensors measure motion using microwave technology, operating at extremely high temperatures and unaffected by contaminants. The company's sensors provide real-time information about critical mechanical components, enabling operators to predict when repairs are needed and reducing maintenance costs.