Articles tagged with Research and Development
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study conducted by Todd D. Kashdan and Paul Rose found that highly curious individuals experience more positive interpersonal outcomes than less curious individuals in different social contexts. The research also tested a new theory about how curiosity influences the growth of personal and interpersonal resources.
The DOE grant aims to economically derive high-value chemicals and oils from lower value corn fiber, opening new markets for corn growers. The project will develop purification and characterization techniques and design a pilot plant to recover high-value carbohydrates.
A recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that individuals with depressive symptoms are more likely to experience unemployment or loss of income. The research suggests a significant economic impact of depression on employment and income, highlighting the need for increased awareness and treatment.
The Automatic Linguistic Indexing of Pictures (ALIP) system uses a pictorial dictionary to associate images with keywords, allowing for more accurate image annotation and search. The system has demonstrated great potential for use in biomedicine, digital libraries, and other fields.
Researchers from Indiana University unveiled innovative tools, including GeoMapper and Warscope, to display geographic information and locate network devices. The displays demonstrate collaboration among top universities in the state.
Family income significantly impacts preschool children's cognitive development and behavior, with higher-income families providing more stimulating learning environments and lower-income families facing economic pressure that leads to behavioral problems. The study suggests offering programs promoting learning materials, family literac...
Howie Choset's snakebot technology can navigate through three-dimensional terrains with enhanced flexibility and 'reach' ability. The robot's hyper-redundant mechanisms enable it to thread through tightly packed spaces without disturbing the surrounding areas.
The Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology will bring together researchers to develop new technology that enables scientists and physicians to see living cells in real-time. Applications of biophotonics include selectively treating tumors, sequencing DNA, and identifying single biomolecules within cells.
The University of California, Riverside will receive a $4.9 million grant to develop a program that improves teacher subject knowledge and student achievement in mathematics. The program aims to increase math achievement by 25% among 10,000 students in grades 4-8 through targeted instructional strategies.
The NASA consortium aims to create self-repairing materials that mimic the properties of biological substances like bone and sea shells. Researchers will focus on creating innovative composites of organic and inorganic compounds to make airplanes and spacecraft lighter, stronger, and more reliable.
Andrei Linde has been recognized with the Dirac Medal for his pioneering work in inflationary cosmology, which posits that the universe underwent a rapid expansion. His theory has already had notable observational successes and has become a paradigm for fundamental studies in cosmology.
A new system integrating wireless technology reduces clinical errors by providing real-time access to patient data, allowing medical staff to spend more time with patients. The system has been shown to decrease the time required to see each patient by 30% in post-operative acute pain management wards.
Researchers at Hebrew University have developed a novel technique that uses an engineered virus to induce cancer cells to activate PKR protein, causing them to self-destruct. This innovative approach has shown promising results in halting the spread of brain tumors and offers a new direction for cancer treatment.
The PPS coating system, developed by Brookhaven Lab chemist Toshifumi Sugama, shows dramatic improvements in bonding durability, resistance to wear and abrasion, and service lifetime compared to competitive coatings. The coating's self-healing properties make it suitable for use in geothermal power plants and other harsh environments.
The new technology uses small electric crystal chips that can be embedded into products and read by electromagnetic scanners, providing unique identification for individual items. The tags can be used for tracking, inventory management, and logistical tasks, offering possibilities such as checkout-free shopping.
The article discusses the future of coatings technology, which dates back over 20,000 years, and highlights key challenges to be addressed. Dr. Robert R. Matheson Jr., a DuPont scientist, identifies issues such as reducing environmental footprint and improving biological, mechanical, and transport longevity in soft coatings.
A study by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences found that young tech CEOs are more likely to invest in research and development, while older attorneys tend to be more conservative. The study suggests that CEO characteristics, such as background and tenure, have a significant impact on R&D spending.
The Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development features articles on life satisfaction following spinal cord and traumatic brain injury, as well as a study on foot models for ulcer-prevention treatment. A preliminary study on genetically engineered spinal cord implants also highlights potential improvements in bladder structure af...
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) recommends a single official to coordinate R&D across 26 agencies. This coordination is essential for advancing planned Department of Homeland Security initiatives and investigating terrorism.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a new type of nanofilter that can selectively separate proteins and DNA molecules based on their size. The filter uses electrostatic screening to 'open' or 'close' pores, allowing for controlled separation of similar-sized proteins.
General Motors researchers have developed a new generation of automobile plastics using molecule-size mineral fillers like clay. The new nanocomposites are stronger, lighter, and offer more design flexibility for automakers.
The Dartmouth Institute for Security Technology Studies has released a report detailing the technology hurdles faced by cyber crime investigators. The report identifies seven areas of concern, including log analysis, internet protocol tracing, and emerging technologies, to aid in combating cyber attacks.
Three exceptional researchers have been awarded the Young Minds in CNS Award for their innovative work on residual symptoms in bipolar disorder, serotonin receptors in anxiety disorders, and thalamic neurochemistry in schizophrenia. The $20,000 award will support career development and attendance at international congresses.
A recent California quake occurred near a forecasted anomaly within the margin of error of its location, validating the University of Colorado's earthquake forecasting method. The scientists used a 'state vector' to characterize seismic activity in southern California and developed a probability index to predict large earthquakes.
The Cardiff University team has successfully fabricated a tiny chromatographic extraction cartridge on a silicon chip, enabling easy and inexpensive mass production. The system can be integrated into rivers or factory processes to monitor mixtures flowing through it.
The University of Washington has been awarded a $16 million National Science Foundation grant to establish a center for materials and devices in information technology research. The center will receive funding over five years, with the potential for more than twice that amount over 10 years.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a technique to create nano-structured polymer films with tunable refractive index, enabling faster and cheaper conversion of electrical signals to optical signals. This innovation has the potential to speed up access to the Internet, making it more accessible and affordable for widespread use.
The AAAS Report XXVII: Research and Development FY 2003 provides a definitive guide to the President's R&D budget proposals. The report shows a record increase in federal R&D funding to $112 billion, driven by increases in defense and health sectors. Non-defense R&D would decrease slightly, while basic research would see a 7.9% growth.
The U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) has established the Georgian Research and Development Foundation (GRDF), the Republic of Georgia's first independent grant-making science foundation. The GRDF aims to develop the country's scientific-engineering community through merit-driven research support.
A 13-year study found that higher-quality child care benefits children's development, with more education and training among staff also contributing to better outcomes. Poor quality care can have negative effects on children's social and intellectual development.
A management science study finds public research has a significant impact on industrial R&D, with the pharmaceutical industry being a major beneficiary. The study reveals that public research contributes to both innovation and project completion, with materials science and computer science fields having the most widespread impact.
The AstraZeneca CNS Awards Program was launched in 2002 to support the career advancement of young physicians in central nervous system (CNS) fields. The program recognizes excellence in innovative research, educational efforts, travel, and materials, and offers a platform for award winners to reach their full potential.
A new $2.5M NSF grant will enable UNC scientists to conduct interdisciplinary studies and train researchers in comprehensive child development models. The study aims to capture the complexity of children's relationships with families, neighborhoods, cultures, and environments.
The US Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) has awarded $1 million grants to four Russian universities to improve their basic scientific research capabilities. The grant recipients include Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute, Perm State University, St. Petersburg State University, and Voronezh State University.
The Texas A&M University Institute for Countermeasures against Agricultural Bioterrorism aims to develop research tools to prevent and respond to terrorist attacks on agriculture. The institute will utilize cutting-edge technologies such as surveillance networking, satellite imaging, and biotechnology to create a proactive defense system.
Research by Susan M. McHale found that children who spend more time on structured activities like hobbies and sports tend to have better academic, emotional, and behavioral development. In contrast, excessive outdoor play or unstructured free time may lead to poorer grades and behavior issues.
The project aims to improve and conserve local, traditional crops being overlooked by major international research programs. Farmers will be actively involved in selecting and multiplying varieties of neglected crops, with new technologies for better cultivation and use.
The MilliWave Viscometer measures viscosity in molten materials, indicating chemistry and quality. It enables feedback control, maximizing waste loading and improving efficiency in glass production, with significant economic impact on environmental clean-up efforts.
Cornell University has been awarded a grant to develop the core infrastructure for a national online science library. The system will collect information from hundreds of sources in various formats and provide access via the World Wide Web.
Researchers developed a conflict early warning system to predict instability in countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan. The tool uses numerical scores based on civil contention, state repression, and violence to indicate a country's stability.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab and DuPont have developed a new class of catalysts that can accelerate the removal of oxygen from plant-derived compounds, converting them into alcohols for industrial use. The goal is to produce 25% of DuPont's revenues in 2010 from renewable raw materials.
Former Washington Post reporter, Charles Suplee, has been named the 2002 recipient of the American Chemical Society’s James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry for the Public. He will be honored at a luncheon on Oct. 12 and receive $3000, a gold medal, and a bronze replica.
Researchers applied game theory to assess the feasibility of a proposed national missile defense (NMD) system. They found that protection may be a placebo if widely believed to be effective, prompting a cautious approach to deployment. The study suggests focusing on research and development and exploring alternative credible alternatives.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new link design for wireless infrared local area networks that uses a multi-beam transmitter with a narrow field of view receiver. The system achieves a bit-error rate of one error per billion bits and uses milliwatt transmitted power levels.
The Maine Science and Technology Foundation is conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the state's R&D investments to determine their impact on economic growth. The initial evaluation will assess existing data collection processes and propose a web-based system for ongoing assessment.
The International Development Research Centre presents four case studies on ICTs in Latin America, highlighting their impact on civil society organizations and indigenous communities. These projects showcase the potential of technology to bridge development gaps and promote social change.
A Navy laboratory has successfully demonstrated an AI-powered tutoring system that reduces the number of instructors needed for team training. The system tracks keystroke and eye movement to provide real-time feedback, enabling more effective high-functioning teamwork.
Researchers developed a new welding technique combining infrared sensors and predictive modeling to create the best seam possible. This approach promises to save the Navy up to $10 million per year at Ingalls shipyard alone, reducing the need for costly corrections.
The President's Information Technology Advisory Committee recommends increasing funding for long-term research programs and computing infrastructures. The committee highlights four areas deserving of increased research funding, including software development and high-end computing.
Researchers have developed cost-effective methods for manufacturing ultralight porous metals that can be used in various applications including cooling motor drives and reinforcing aircraft parts. The new materials are lightweight, extremely heat resistant and strong in three dimensions.
Scientists have found that unusually extensive stratospheric clouds over the South Pole contributed to the near-record-size ozone hole in Antarctica. POAM III measurements provide valuable insights into how Earth's ozone layer responds to global temperature changes and decreasing atmospheric chlorine levels.
A new solid sorbent air sampling material developed by ORNL has been licensed by Supelco, offering a cost-effective way to detect and measure airborne pollutants. The sol-gel sorbent's improved thermal stability allows for higher temperatures, increasing its productivity and selectivity in sampling organic contaminants.