Articles tagged with Research and Development
The study found that adolescents' autonomy increased over five years, with more independence in personal and multifaceted issues as they aged. Parental involvement in prudential and conventional decisions was associated with better adjustment, while joint decision-making on multifaceted issues predicted positive outcomes.
A study using Venn diagram tactics categorizes mutation types in cells from different patients, identifying a novel cause of lethal neonatal mitochondrial complex I deficiency. The authors demonstrate the technique's strength by pinpointing mutations in the NDUFS6 gene, a previously unknown contributor to this disease.
Researchers found that recovering alcoholics show significant deficits in executive functioning during abstinence's first weeks, impacting treatment compliance and daily life. This impairment can last for weeks after quitting drinking, requiring clinicians to adjust expectations.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have invented a new fuel cell material called Battellion TM that can reduce the cost of production, making it more economically viable. The material has improved stability, conductivity, and manufacturing processes, allowing for longer service life and reduced weight compared to existing materials.
The Lancet task force outlines a research agenda to strengthen health systems and deliver effective interventions in an equitable manner. The proposal aims to enhance capacity for delivering life-saving interventions, particularly in the developing world.
Health experts emphasize the need for stronger health systems to achieve improved health outcomes, but agree that a more manageable approach is needed. Disease-specific interventions can deliver quicker results, yet may lead to duplication and disruption, while system-wide approaches build benefits over time, but are less manageable.
A survey of over 200 respondents found that more than half struggled to keep track of paper documents, losing them at least once a week, compared to electronic information. The study highlights the need for better tools to help people organize their information effectively, regardless of its form or location.
Researchers found a series of genes defining a two-segment periodicity in centipede embryos, resulting in single segments that later develop legs. This mechanism limits the number of leg-bearing segments to odd numbers, with additional non-leg bearing segments also formed.
Researchers investigate auditory brainstem responses for early detection of ototoxic hearing loss, as well as sensory rehabilitation methods such as obstacle avoidance training, blind rehabilitation, and constraint-induced therapy. These studies aim to minimize or prevent debilitating hearing loss and improve mobility function in indiv...
Artificial viruses are used as standards in research labs to check analysis methods, but measuring their concentration is challenging. NIST scientists now use neutrons to measure the amount of RNA in these 'fake' viruses, allowing for more accurate detection of real viruses at early stages of infection.
The Agentase Nerve Agent Sensor detects nerve agents with high sensitivity and resistance to environmental factors, having a two- to three-year shelf life and compatibility with all testing surfaces. It is already in use in Iraq.
Schwartz aims to develop a computer model of self-assembly within cells, which will help researchers understand mechanisms controlling chemical reactions and identify promising drugs that can target viruses effectively. The grant also supports teaching advanced methods in biological modeling and simulation.
Researchers at NIST created a new technique to measure friction accurately in the nano- and micro-scale. The method helps designers produce more durable devices with moving parts by accounting for unintended scratching of surfaces.
Radatec's innovative sensors measure motion using microwave technology, operating at extremely high temperatures and unaffected by contaminants. The company's sensors provide real-time information about critical mechanical components, enabling operators to predict when repairs are needed and reducing maintenance costs.
Research suggests that when mothers use a controlling approach, children become disengaged and perform poorly in school. In contrast, an autonomy-supportive approach improves children's performance immediately and leads to better grades over time. The study emphasizes the importance of this parenting style for low-achieving children.
The National Visual Analytics Center aims to improve terrorist threat detection and analysis of vast information streams using visual analytics techniques, protecting individual privacy in the process. The center will develop tools for evaluating new technologies and support information sharing in a secure environment.
A scientific working group found that renaming premature ejaculation could lead to confusion and require re-education. Instead, they recommend using the current term to describe the condition, which is associated with stigma rather than the name itself. The group also emphasizes the importance of open dialogue about male sexual health.
Arthur B. Weglein, a physics professor at the University of Houston, testified before the US Congress Science Committee on the proposed ultradeep energy bill (H.R. 6). The hearing focused on the benefits of ultradeep water research and development, which could create nearly one million jobs and increase domestic oil and gas production.
The US remains top in science and engineering, but faces challenges from a shrinking native talent pool and increasing competition globally. Foreign-born workers have contributed to the country's success, but high-skill visas have declined significantly since 2001.
The US National Science Foundation's S&E Indicators 2004 report shows significant variation in state-level indicators of education, workforce, and research & development. States with strong federal and industry R&D investments tend to have more college graduates in the workforce.
The GlaxoSmithKline Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program provides funding for HIV/AIDS research, focusing on novel therapies, vaccines, and microbicides. Researchers can apply for grants ranging from $25,000 to $150,000 to develop innovative treatments and submit proposals for publication.
The US President's FY 2005 budget proposes significant cuts to non-defense Research and Development (R&D) programs, with some agencies facing declines of up to 28%. The largest decreases will occur in the Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, and National Institutes of Health.
An imaging study found that teaching matters and good instruction can change the brain's functioning in children, improving reading ability. The study showed significant gains in reading skills among children who received intensive phonemic awareness and phonics-based instruction.
NIST's new reference material, calibrated microspheres coated with fluorescent dye, provides an authoritative national fluorescence measurement scale. This improvement enables more accurate measurements of signal intensity, reflecting numbers of target molecules in samples.
A recent study published in JAMA found that approximately four out of five newly-disabled older people regain independence within six months. However, recovery is often short-lived, with many experiencing recurrent episodes of disability.
Jennifer Lewis and her team developed novel inks that can create three-dimensional periodic structures with feature sizes 100 times smaller than before. The ink is based on polyelectrolyte mixtures and can be tailored to control its flow through fine deposition nozzles.
A new study finds that parallel trade in pharmaceuticals has a negative impact on the UK economy, with estimated losses of £290 million to manufacturers. The study concludes that the short-term benefits for consumers are outweighed by the long-term costs to innovation and investment in research and development.
The Geoenvironmental Research Group (GRP) has joined the Sustainable Technologies Technium, a £10.8m innovation centre in Wales. The partnership aims to create additional companies, new jobs and increase turnover through world-beating technologies for sustainable solutions.
The University of Hawaii has developed a mentoring relationship with the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry to address oral health disparities in Hawaii. The collaboration aims to improve the oral health status of the people of Hawaii by conducting pilot studies on mothers and their babies in rural communities.
The UK is investing in two University centres to build accelerator RÔD expertise and develop a strong research base in experimental particle physics. The Neutrino Factory is proposed as an international experiment to study artificially produced neutrinos.
A study highlights the need for further thinking on research conducted in developing countries, where a majority of studies were not reviewed by local institutional boards. The survey found that 44% of respondents believed their studies were not reviewed, with concerns about cultural appropriateness and language consent forms.
Researchers Hubbard and Love propose a new system for funding drug development, separating R&D and product markets. This could lead to greater openness in drug research, reduced prices, and expanded access to new medicines.
Researchers discovered how day length and light quality affect stability of floral-promoting protein constans in Arabidopsis thaliana. This finding helps explain seasonal, day-length dependent flowering behavior in many plant species.
Researchers developed simple systems to analyze website user behavior, enabling accurate forecasts of future buying patterns. The study applied these models to a UK information website and an online CD retailer, demonstrating their potential for improving marketing and advertising strategies.
A mathematical model helps determine necessary mosquito control levels to prevent West Nile virus outbreaks, reducing economic and environmental damage. The model takes into account regional factors such as mosquito life span and crow biology.
A new study by William Checkley and colleagues found that water and sanitation are key determinants of infant health in developing countries. The research, conducted on 230 Peruvian infants, revealed that inadequate water and sanitation can lead to higher rates of diarrheal episodes and stunted growth.
Scientists at the Hebrew University and Max Planck Institute have discovered a gene-based approach to suppressing stress-induced reactions. They developed an 'antisense' agent that neutralizes the production of modified proteins, preventing extreme fright or immobilizing shock reactions associated with traumatic memories.
Researchers developed a technique using single-stranded DNA to separate and sort metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes, enabling uniform conductivity and advancing nanoelectronic applications. The discovery in the journal Science has significant implications for developing sensitive medical diagnostic devices and mini-transistors.
The GSK Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program awarded $125,000 grants to Paul Bieniasz for genetic screening of cyclic peptides and Michael Farzan for tyrosine-sulfated peptides. Additionally, Michael H. Malim received a grant for his research on the Vif gene, which plays a critical role in HIV infection.
A new handbook aims to guide public sector research centers in developing countries on managing intellectual property, providing best practices and supporting materials. The handbook is the result of contributions from authorities in IP management from both developed and developing countries.
The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCAM) has awarded planning grants to 12 international centers for research on complementary and alternative medicine. These partnerships will allow researchers to conduct studies in unique environments and potentially lead to significant advances in global health. The grant...
The NCCAM-funded Developmental Centers for Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine aim to increase the quality and quantity of CAM research, promote expertise, and foster partnerships between CAM and conventional institutions. The first two centers focus on chiropractic manipulation and acupuncture, respectively.
A study found individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis had difficulty identifying smells before symptom onset. This discovery could lead to a new diagnostic tool and earlier treatment options for schizophrenia and other psychoses.
The state of Michigan has secured a five-year, $11.9 million grant from the National Center for Research Resources to bolster its cutting-edge proteomics capabilities. This award will provide every Michigan scientist with access to a state-of-the-art research facility and expert support services.
Economic assessments of government R&D programs should be designed to measure productivity, quality, and reliability impacts on production and commercialization. A study's timing is critical, conducted within three to 10 years after a technology's significant marketplace impact.
The NIAID initiative addresses primary immune deficiency diseases by focusing research priorities and uniting established researchers with new investigators. A cell line repository and Web-based patient registry will also be created to advance understanding of these lesser-known diseases.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers are awarded a $2.6 million NIH grant to develop engineered bone tissue that can promote faster and stronger bone healing, potentially treating bone injuries, hip replacements, and arthritis.
The Department of Energy's national laboratories have received a total of 35 R&D awards, recognizing their cutting-edge technologies. The awards are shared among 11 laboratories and partner businesses and universities.
Researchers found that fruit odors play a crucial role in the evolution of a new species among hawthorn maggots. A specific blend of apple and hawthorn volatiles triggers a strong preference for host-plant identification, making it difficult for flies to interbreed. This discovery opens up possibilities for organic pest control methods.
The ISTS report highlights vulnerabilities in the financial sector to large-scale physical events and targeted cyber attacks. The sector's reliance on critical infrastructures such as telecommunications and transportation systems increases its vulnerability to disruptions.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is launching a new program to support interdisciplinary research on infectious diseases, with eight regional centers expected to be established. The program aims to develop new therapies, vaccines, diagnostics, and tools to combat bioterrorism and emerging diseases.
A recent study found that Pakistani researchers face significant challenges after completing their doctoral training abroad, including limited research grants and underutilization of their expertise. The study suggests that innovative models are needed to stimulate research and benefit the country.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a high-power semiconductor switch called the Emitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor, suitable for fast and dynamic voltage support in the nation's congested power grid. The ETO switch offers fast switching speed, rugged turn-off capacity, and voltage control, reducing energy storage elements and size.
Researchers at Rice University developed fluoronanotubes with unique chemical properties, allowing for easier manipulation and dispersal in various materials. This breakthrough enables the creation of new materials and applications, including advanced composites, sensor technology, and molecular electronics.
A group of leading US public sector agricultural research institutions has agreed to share their patented technologies to help improve staple crop varieties like rice, cassava, and sorghum. The Public-Sector Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA) initiative aims to accelerate research and development to boost the domest...
Researchers found that reporters use metaphors to describe gentrifying neighborhoods as living organisms needing salvation, while low-income areas are rarely mentioned. The study's findings suggest that reporters' representations 'legitimize gentrification at actual or anticipated sites of restructuring'.
Researchers find that spontaneous neuronal activity in the retina is crucial for the formation of separate left and right eye connections to the brain. Blocking all activity in the retina leads to abnormal development of these connections.
Researchers found that Puerto Rican migrants injected drugs more often and visited shooting galleries, which have higher levels of needle sharing. However, users who remained in Puerto Rico showed similar risky behavior as migrant counterparts who returned to the island, suggesting migrants learned these behaviors in Puerto Rico.
The GSK Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program provides funding for innovative research into HIV/AIDS treatments. Researchers will be selected based on the potential importance of their project, originality, and ability to conduct the proposed research.
The Structural Genomics Consortium will determine the three-dimensional structure of over 350 human proteins, focusing on cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. The project aims to produce protein structures by the end of 2003, with all structures released freely into the public domain.