Articles tagged with Research and Development
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Radatec's innovative sensors measure motion using microwave technology, operating at extremely high temperatures and unaffected by contaminants. The company's sensors provide real-time information about critical mechanical components, enabling operators to predict when repairs are needed and reducing maintenance costs.
Research suggests that when mothers use a controlling approach, children become disengaged and perform poorly in school. In contrast, an autonomy-supportive approach improves children's performance immediately and leads to better grades over time. The study emphasizes the importance of this parenting style for low-achieving children.
The National Visual Analytics Center aims to improve terrorist threat detection and analysis of vast information streams using visual analytics techniques, protecting individual privacy in the process. The center will develop tools for evaluating new technologies and support information sharing in a secure environment.
A scientific working group found that renaming premature ejaculation could lead to confusion and require re-education. Instead, they recommend using the current term to describe the condition, which is associated with stigma rather than the name itself. The group also emphasizes the importance of open dialogue about male sexual health.
Arthur B. Weglein, a physics professor at the University of Houston, testified before the US Congress Science Committee on the proposed ultradeep energy bill (H.R. 6). The hearing focused on the benefits of ultradeep water research and development, which could create nearly one million jobs and increase domestic oil and gas production.
The US remains top in science and engineering, but faces challenges from a shrinking native talent pool and increasing competition globally. Foreign-born workers have contributed to the country's success, but high-skill visas have declined significantly since 2001.
The US National Science Foundation's S&E Indicators 2004 report shows significant variation in state-level indicators of education, workforce, and research & development. States with strong federal and industry R&D investments tend to have more college graduates in the workforce.
The GlaxoSmithKline Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program provides funding for HIV/AIDS research, focusing on novel therapies, vaccines, and microbicides. Researchers can apply for grants ranging from $25,000 to $150,000 to develop innovative treatments and submit proposals for publication.
The US President's FY 2005 budget proposes significant cuts to non-defense Research and Development (R&D) programs, with some agencies facing declines of up to 28%. The largest decreases will occur in the Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, and National Institutes of Health.
An imaging study found that teaching matters and good instruction can change the brain's functioning in children, improving reading ability. The study showed significant gains in reading skills among children who received intensive phonemic awareness and phonics-based instruction.
NIST's new reference material, calibrated microspheres coated with fluorescent dye, provides an authoritative national fluorescence measurement scale. This improvement enables more accurate measurements of signal intensity, reflecting numbers of target molecules in samples.
A recent study published in JAMA found that approximately four out of five newly-disabled older people regain independence within six months. However, recovery is often short-lived, with many experiencing recurrent episodes of disability.
Jennifer Lewis and her team developed novel inks that can create three-dimensional periodic structures with feature sizes 100 times smaller than before. The ink is based on polyelectrolyte mixtures and can be tailored to control its flow through fine deposition nozzles.
The Geoenvironmental Research Group (GRP) has joined the Sustainable Technologies Technium, a £10.8m innovation centre in Wales. The partnership aims to create additional companies, new jobs and increase turnover through world-beating technologies for sustainable solutions.
A new study finds that parallel trade in pharmaceuticals has a negative impact on the UK economy, with estimated losses of £290 million to manufacturers. The study concludes that the short-term benefits for consumers are outweighed by the long-term costs to innovation and investment in research and development.
The University of Hawaii has developed a mentoring relationship with the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry to address oral health disparities in Hawaii. The collaboration aims to improve the oral health status of the people of Hawaii by conducting pilot studies on mothers and their babies in rural communities.
The UK is investing in two University centres to build accelerator RÔD expertise and develop a strong research base in experimental particle physics. The Neutrino Factory is proposed as an international experiment to study artificially produced neutrinos.
A study highlights the need for further thinking on research conducted in developing countries, where a majority of studies were not reviewed by local institutional boards. The survey found that 44% of respondents believed their studies were not reviewed, with concerns about cultural appropriateness and language consent forms.
Researchers Hubbard and Love propose a new system for funding drug development, separating R&D and product markets. This could lead to greater openness in drug research, reduced prices, and expanded access to new medicines.
Researchers discovered how day length and light quality affect stability of floral-promoting protein constans in Arabidopsis thaliana. This finding helps explain seasonal, day-length dependent flowering behavior in many plant species.
Researchers developed simple systems to analyze website user behavior, enabling accurate forecasts of future buying patterns. The study applied these models to a UK information website and an online CD retailer, demonstrating their potential for improving marketing and advertising strategies.
A mathematical model helps determine necessary mosquito control levels to prevent West Nile virus outbreaks, reducing economic and environmental damage. The model takes into account regional factors such as mosquito life span and crow biology.
A new study by William Checkley and colleagues found that water and sanitation are key determinants of infant health in developing countries. The research, conducted on 230 Peruvian infants, revealed that inadequate water and sanitation can lead to higher rates of diarrheal episodes and stunted growth.
Scientists at the Hebrew University and Max Planck Institute have discovered a gene-based approach to suppressing stress-induced reactions. They developed an 'antisense' agent that neutralizes the production of modified proteins, preventing extreme fright or immobilizing shock reactions associated with traumatic memories.
Researchers developed a technique using single-stranded DNA to separate and sort metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes, enabling uniform conductivity and advancing nanoelectronic applications. The discovery in the journal Science has significant implications for developing sensitive medical diagnostic devices and mini-transistors.
The GSK Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program awarded $125,000 grants to Paul Bieniasz for genetic screening of cyclic peptides and Michael Farzan for tyrosine-sulfated peptides. Additionally, Michael H. Malim received a grant for his research on the Vif gene, which plays a critical role in HIV infection.
A new handbook aims to guide public sector research centers in developing countries on managing intellectual property, providing best practices and supporting materials. The handbook is the result of contributions from authorities in IP management from both developed and developing countries.
The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCAM) has awarded planning grants to 12 international centers for research on complementary and alternative medicine. These partnerships will allow researchers to conduct studies in unique environments and potentially lead to significant advances in global health. The grant...
The NCCAM-funded Developmental Centers for Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine aim to increase the quality and quantity of CAM research, promote expertise, and foster partnerships between CAM and conventional institutions. The first two centers focus on chiropractic manipulation and acupuncture, respectively.
A study found individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis had difficulty identifying smells before symptom onset. This discovery could lead to a new diagnostic tool and earlier treatment options for schizophrenia and other psychoses.
The state of Michigan has secured a five-year, $11.9 million grant from the National Center for Research Resources to bolster its cutting-edge proteomics capabilities. This award will provide every Michigan scientist with access to a state-of-the-art research facility and expert support services.
Economic assessments of government R&D programs should be designed to measure productivity, quality, and reliability impacts on production and commercialization. A study's timing is critical, conducted within three to 10 years after a technology's significant marketplace impact.
The NIAID initiative addresses primary immune deficiency diseases by focusing research priorities and uniting established researchers with new investigators. A cell line repository and Web-based patient registry will also be created to advance understanding of these lesser-known diseases.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers are awarded a $2.6 million NIH grant to develop engineered bone tissue that can promote faster and stronger bone healing, potentially treating bone injuries, hip replacements, and arthritis.
The Department of Energy's national laboratories have received a total of 35 R&D awards, recognizing their cutting-edge technologies. The awards are shared among 11 laboratories and partner businesses and universities.
Researchers found that fruit odors play a crucial role in the evolution of a new species among hawthorn maggots. A specific blend of apple and hawthorn volatiles triggers a strong preference for host-plant identification, making it difficult for flies to interbreed. This discovery opens up possibilities for organic pest control methods.
The ISTS report highlights vulnerabilities in the financial sector to large-scale physical events and targeted cyber attacks. The sector's reliance on critical infrastructures such as telecommunications and transportation systems increases its vulnerability to disruptions.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is launching a new program to support interdisciplinary research on infectious diseases, with eight regional centers expected to be established. The program aims to develop new therapies, vaccines, diagnostics, and tools to combat bioterrorism and emerging diseases.
A recent study found that Pakistani researchers face significant challenges after completing their doctoral training abroad, including limited research grants and underutilization of their expertise. The study suggests that innovative models are needed to stimulate research and benefit the country.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a high-power semiconductor switch called the Emitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor, suitable for fast and dynamic voltage support in the nation's congested power grid. The ETO switch offers fast switching speed, rugged turn-off capacity, and voltage control, reducing energy storage elements and size.
Researchers at Rice University developed fluoronanotubes with unique chemical properties, allowing for easier manipulation and dispersal in various materials. This breakthrough enables the creation of new materials and applications, including advanced composites, sensor technology, and molecular electronics.
A group of leading US public sector agricultural research institutions has agreed to share their patented technologies to help improve staple crop varieties like rice, cassava, and sorghum. The Public-Sector Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA) initiative aims to accelerate research and development to boost the domest...
Researchers found that reporters use metaphors to describe gentrifying neighborhoods as living organisms needing salvation, while low-income areas are rarely mentioned. The study's findings suggest that reporters' representations 'legitimize gentrification at actual or anticipated sites of restructuring'.
Researchers find that spontaneous neuronal activity in the retina is crucial for the formation of separate left and right eye connections to the brain. Blocking all activity in the retina leads to abnormal development of these connections.
Researchers found that Puerto Rican migrants injected drugs more often and visited shooting galleries, which have higher levels of needle sharing. However, users who remained in Puerto Rico showed similar risky behavior as migrant counterparts who returned to the island, suggesting migrants learned these behaviors in Puerto Rico.
The GSK Drug Discovery and Development Research Grant Program provides funding for innovative research into HIV/AIDS treatments. Researchers will be selected based on the potential importance of their project, originality, and ability to conduct the proposed research.
The Structural Genomics Consortium will determine the three-dimensional structure of over 350 human proteins, focusing on cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. The project aims to produce protein structures by the end of 2003, with all structures released freely into the public domain.
RIT's Center for Integrated Manufacturing Studies has developed an asset health management system that continuously monitors vehicle health through remote sensors and satellite communications. The system diagnoses problems, recommends repairs, and aggregates data to optimize fleet performance.
The US government has struggled to allocate resources effectively, with basic science being funded without practical ends. New criteria aim to prioritize fields based on their contributions to related areas, with peer review and economic evaluations playing a crucial role in the process.
A St. Louis chemist has developed innovative methods to spin and shape atomic nuclei, which can affect their decay rates. His team has achieved incredibly fast spin speeds, such as 2 million-billion-billion revolutions per second, using specialized instruments.
The KESS research team will use cutting-edge technology to study the dynamical and thermodynamical processes controlling the Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyre. The study's findings will have significant implications for fisheries, climate research, and understanding storm tracks.
A new theory proposes Chaco Canyon's powerful political system kept other Pueblo peoples under its thumb from 1000 to 1125. The city's elite ruled a region containing tens of thousands of people, with influence stretching hundreds of miles.
DuPont scientists have developed a bio-based method using corn instead of conventional petroleum-based processes to produce the latest polymer platform. The new process uses fermentation-based production of 1,3 propanediol, which is used to create DuPont Sorona polymer with unique technical properties.
Researchers create device that measures muscle cell forces by measuring displacement of individual needles. The study reveals the relationship between cell shape and contraction force, as well as resolving conflicting scientific reports on cellular forces.
The Office of Naval Research is developing a suite of technologies to help sailors and Marines avoid mines during amphibious landings. The systems, including Moving Map, Augmented Reality Visualization, and Expeditionary Warfare Decision Support System, aim to reduce the risk of accidents by providing real-time navigation data.
Researchers investigate various aspects of exercise and recreation for individuals with mobility impairments, including the effectiveness of vacuum-assisted prosthetic sockets, the importance of walking speed after stroke, and the development of rehabilitation technologies. These studies aim to improve the lives of people with spinal c...
The American Thoracic Society has named two Department of Veterans Affairs clinician-scientists, Rabih I. Bechara and Pierre P. Massion, as the first recipients of its Research Career Development Award. The award will provide $20,000 per year for three years to support their research on respiratory diseases.
The AAAS Top Ten Science Policy List for 2002 highlights concerns over new American security policies impacting scientific research. Human cloning, stem cell science, and sustainable development are among the top issues, with scientists facing a balancing act between global security and scientific progress.
The Princeton Plasma Physics Lab team successfully decommissioned the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor without significant radiological exposure. The $40.3 million project was completed under budget, demonstrating a safe dismantling process for large fusion facilities.
NCCAM is offering grants to establish new research centers focused on complementary and alternative medicine. The centers will support program project grants, developmental cooperative agreements, and planning grants for international institutions.