Articles tagged with Organ Transplantation
The Roche Organ Transplantation Research Foundation has awarded 11 new grants totaling 2 million Swiss francs, focusing on the understanding of rejection responses and inflammation. The grants aim to improve long-term organ survival and help more people with solid organ transplants live longer and healthier lives.
A three-year grant supports a study to prevent organ rejection in recipients by developing new white blood cells compatible with donated organs. The average survival rate for grafts is approximately 90% within the first year, but less than 50% after 10 years.
Non-directed kidney donations have the potential to save thousands of lives, but raise important ethical considerations. Transplant centers are developing policies to evaluate and allocate these kidneys, addressing issues like allocation and donor expenses.
A new anti-rejection drug, CP-690,550, has shown promise in controlling the immune system without severe side effects. The Stanford team discovered the drug by targeting a specific pathway in immune cells, which may lead to its use in treating autoimmune diseases.
Researchers at Medical College of Georgia discover a molecule, HLA-G, that helps keep immune cells immature and tolerant during pregnancy. This mechanism may be replicated to preserve transplanted organs and reduce rejection rates.
The Organ Transplantation Research Foundation (ROTRF) has received continued funding from Roche, a global healthcare leader. The foundation supports groundbreaking research in transplantation, aiming to improve the lives of people with transplanted organs.
Researchers successfully transplanted embryonic pancreatic tissue into rats with Type 1 diabetes, producing enough insulin to maintain normal blood-sugar levels. This breakthrough method has promising results and could potentially overcome the shortage of human organs for transplant.
Researchers are working on developing engineering tools to monitor breakups in tissues and organs, with the goal of improving storage methods for transplant tissues. The team aims to create systems that can safely store complex tissues and organs, which could lead to breakthroughs in disease treatment and expand organ availability.
A new technique uses interleukin-6 to store and transport fatty liver organs, potentially reducing damage and improving function after transplantation. The findings could increase the availability of liver transplants in the US, where approximately 40% of adults have fatty livers.
Researchers have successfully transplanted uteri into mice, paving the way for future womb transplants in humans. The study found that transplanted uteri can harbour pregnancies and rejection patterns are similar to other organs.
Researchers found that adding interleukin-6 to the preservative solution before transplantation significantly increased post-transplant survival of rats receiving organs with fatty degeneration. The treatment reduced cell death and improved liver function in steatotic livers, suggesting a promising strategy for addressing organ shortages.
African-American kidney dialysis patients know about live donor transplants but may not discuss their wishes with healthcare providers, a Johns Hopkins study shows. Machine-preserving cadaveric kidneys improves early function after transplant and increases survival rates.
A major study of over 7,000 living donor kidney transplant patients found that Neoral significantly improves three-year graft survival rates and prolongs the estimated graft half-life compared to tacrolimus. This suggests a clear advantage for Neoral in reducing the risk of transplant failure.
Researchers found a higher incidence of beneficial dendritic cells in weaned and nearly weaned liver transplant patients, compared to those on daily doses of anti-rejection drugs. This cellular profile is similar to that of healthy non-transplant patients, suggesting a possible test for predicting successful weaning.
Researchers have developed a new regimen for lung transplant patients that reduces the need for anti-rejection drugs. The protocol involves giving fewer pills less often over time, with results showing 18 out of 20 patients doing well on lower doses of one mainstay anti-rejection drug, tacrolimus.
A new organ preservation solution, Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketogluterate (HTK), has been shown to be more practical and easier to use than the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for preserving livers before transplantation. The study found similar outcomes between HTK and UW in terms of initial organ function and clinical measures.
A new study published in Critical Care found that 70% of transplant doctors would consider accepting organs from poisoned patients. This increase in organ donation could save lives and address the global shortage of healthy organs available for transplant operations.
UF researchers found that patients who wait longer for a kidney transplant are more likely to experience poorer outcomes. The study showed that even those who receive kidneys from living donors may not reap the full benefits if they have been on dialysis for too long.
Researchers suggest using rapamycin to improve renal function and reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in marginal kidney transplants. The study found that kidneys treated with cyclosporine fared worse than those treated with rapamycin, leading to restricted blood flow and poorer filtration.
Dendritic cells may play a key role in accepting transplanted organs, and researchers are exploring a cell-based strategy to induce tolerance. Studies in nonhuman primates suggest that certain types of dendritic cells can regulate the immune response and prevent rejection.
The Transplantation Society reiterates its stance against selling organs, adhering to ethical standards and laws that prohibit commercial transactions. The society's position is supported by organizations like the American Medical Association, which investigates financial incentives for organ donations.
A study of 42 female organ recipients found mostly successful pregnancies without birth defects, but lung transplant patients faced higher risks. Complications and health issues were more common in mothers with pre-existing health problems during pregnancy.
A new study shows that CellCept substitution of cyclosporine reverses renal toxicity, improving the life span of transplanted kidneys. 58% of patients on CellCept therapy had a reversal or stabilisation of their kidney function compared to 32% on cyclosporine.
The latest studies on hand transplants show that powerful drugs can prevent rejection while minimizing risks. Most patients experience only transient problems, which are easily corrected with treatment adjustments.
Researchers have made significant progress in developing tolerance to transplanted organs through innovative approaches. Studies show that patients can be weaned off immunosuppressive drugs within months after receiving living donor kidney or small bowel transplants, with some patients achieving complete drug-free status.
A new two-part therapy combining acyclovir with gradual reductions in immunosuppressive drugs has shown significant success in treating post-transplant lymphoma, with all patients achieving complete response and 82% maintaining it. The treatment stimulates the immune system to destroy EBV-infected cancer cells.
The Johns Hopkins team has successfully transplanted kidneys from incompatible donors using a filtering technique, achieving a 93% success rate. The patients underwent plasmapheresis treatments and medication to prevent antibody re-emergence, allowing them to receive organs from donors of any blood type.
University of Pittsburgh researchers found that short abstinence periods, depression/anxiety bouts, and a caregiver's smoking history increase the risk of relapse. They also developed a non-invasive ultrasound technology to detect heart recovery, enabling successful weaning from left ventricular assist devices.
A multi-site study led by UCSF investigators shows comparable survival rates and graft function for HIV-infected patients receiving kidney and liver transplants. The study found that nearly 90% of kidney grafts and 84% of liver grafts were functioning within a year post-transplant.
Researchers from the University of Missouri-Columbia and Immerge BioTherapeutics Inc. have successfully cloned a miniature swine with a gene knocked out of its DNA. This achievement moves closer to making animal-to-human organ transplantation a reality, offering hope to over 75,000 Americans waiting for organs.
A study by Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center found that reducing prednisone medication can eliminate unpleasant side effects without affecting survival rates. 80% of adult transplant patients were successfully weaned off prednisone within two years, with no increased risk of rejection or infection.
The University of Pittsburgh is conducting a study on transplant patients who have been off immunosuppressive drugs for up to 6.6 years, aiming to identify potential tests for transplant tolerance. The study may lead to breakthroughs in understanding and managing autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
The human organs shortage is raising complex questions about who should receive transplants, how to balance costs against medical needs, and the ethics of extending individual lives. A forum on 'Reinventing the Human: The Six Million Dollar Body' will explore these issues and provide a platform for public debate.
UT Southwestern researchers identified a specific protein in sensory nerves that contribute to cyclosporine-induced hypertension. The study found that mice lacking this protein experienced no increase in blood pressure when administered cyclosporine.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is launching a new clinical trial to test a promising transplant therapy for type 1 diabetes. The Edmonton protocol involves transplanting insulin-producing pancreas cells and aims to induce immune tolerance, allowing people with the condition to stop relying on insulin injections.
A new study suggests that open family discussion about stressful thoughts and feelings can improve emotional well-being in kidney transplant patients. Patients who felt their families were supportive reported fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety.
The University of California, San Francisco is set to conduct a pioneering study on liver and kidney transplantation in HIV-infected patients. The research aims to determine the safety and efficacy of these procedures in individuals with end-stage liver and kidney disease, which are often fatal due to co-infection with hepatitis C virus.
A University of Maryland Medical Center study found that FK506 significantly lowers the risk of forming clots compared to cyclosporine. The research has important implications for understanding coronary disease after a transplant and improving outlook for heart transplant patients.
A Harvard study finds that racial differences in kidney transplant access cannot be explained by patient preferences, with black patients being less likely to be referred for evaluation or receive a transplant. The disparity remains even after controlling for coexisting illnesses and socioeconomic factors.
A new method uses silicon capsules with precise holes to implant healthy transplant cells, eliminating the need for immunosuppression and reducing organ transplantation.
Researchers at UNC-CH found that Pamidronate is highly effective in partially reversing bone loss caused by immuno-suppressant drugs after lung transplants. Patients treated with the drug experienced a 10% reversal of bone loss, and showed significant increases in femur and spine mineral densities.
Researchers developed an iNOS gene therapy that prevents chronic organ rejection and transplant arteriosclerosis in animal models. The study found that the gene therapy suppressed the disease process by triggering production of nitric oxide, which blocks blood flow in transplanted organs.
Researchers at the University of Maryland Medical Center have developed a new approach to treating long-term diabetic patients by transplanting their pancreas alone. The study found that using two new anti-rejection drugs, Prograf and Cellcept, resulted in a one-year pancreas survival rate of 77 percent for patients.
A multi-center trial involving 73 patients found that tacrolimus rescue therapy effectively reverses refractory kidney rejection, maintains long-term kidney function, and reduces repeat rejection. The study's results suggest a significant advance in reducing organ loss from persistent kidney rejection.