Articles tagged with Disease Control
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A long-term study of DCCT participants found no cognitive impairment from severe hypoglycemic reactions, supporting the safety of intensive diabetes therapy. Higher A1C readings were associated with a decline in motor speed and psychomotor efficiency, but not other cognitive domains.
Researchers found that a new 'disease control rate' measure was associated with survival, suggesting it could enhance efficacy assessment and improve clinical trials for advanced NSCLC. The study pooled data from 984 patients with advanced NSCLC who participated in three randomized trials of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens.
Researchers found that mice lacking MHC Class I molecules can still mount an effective CD8 T cell response against chronic herpes virus infections. This suggests the presence of a backup immune system component that can recognize and fight viral proteins without relying on MHC Class I.
The NIH panel advocates for expanded regulation of vitamins and minerals, calling for changes in FDA's authority to ensure quality production and consumer reporting of adverse events. The panel also recommends rigorous randomized trials and new MVM databases to test efficacy and safety.
Researchers will test 400,000 SNPs in 552 patients to clarify the role of genes in sporadic ALS. The study's results could strongly shape the search for a cure if it finds gene associations or suggests an environmental cause.
The DCPP identifies four major health challenges: cardiovascular diseases, HIV/AIDS, influenza, and malaria. The authors recommend adopting cost-effective interventions on a wider scale to tackle these threats.
A group of experts allege that the World Bank has neglected malaria treatment for years, concealing its expenditures and downscaling its staff. In response, the World Bank defends its efforts, citing research on the challenges of linking funding to health outcomes.
A recent study published in Archives of Surgery found that tightly controlled blood sugar levels before surgery can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative infections in diabetic patients. The research involved 490 diabetic patients who underwent major noncardiac surgery between 2000 and 2003, with 197 having good glycemic control.
Researchers found that a high-caloric ketogenic diet slowed ALS progression in mice by promoting mitochondrial energy production and membrane stabilization. The study suggests that dietary interventions may offer new therapeutic options for ALS patients.
Researchers found that both self-monitoring of blood glucose and precise physician testing of hemoglobin A1c can help diabetics manage their disease. Consistent communication between patients and healthcare professionals is also crucial.
Diabetic patients undergoing periodontal therapy show improved metabolic control, with a 20% reduction in HbA1c levels. The study suggests that periodontal treatment may help diabetic patients move from the 'at-risk' category to a healthy range.
Between 1998 and 2002, risky food consumption decreased significantly, from 31% to 21%. Runny eggs were the most frequently consumed risky food. Targeted outreach is needed for high-risk groups.
Researchers found that feeding animals, touching them, and failing to wash hands after visiting petting zoos are strongly linked to E. coli O157:H7 infections. Simple handwashing was shown to be an effective preventive measure against infection.
Patients with asthma often view their condition as a temporary health problem, leading to inadequate treatment and poor disease control. A study found that nearly half of hospitalised asthma patients believed they only had asthma when symptoms appeared.
Researchers and academics explored ways to reduce oral health disparities and increase health literacy. Progress toward achieving Healthy People 2010 objectives was highlighted, with future directions for national surveillance also discussed.
Researchers found that Resolvin E1 provided remarkable protection against soft tissue and bone loss associated with gum disease. The study supports the concept that inflammation is a good therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.
The COMDIS programme aims to improve healthcare quality and coverage for the poor and vulnerable by developing practical and affordable interventions. Effective healthcare systems are crucial in preventing the spread of disease, and the project focuses on addressing bottlenecks and operational constraints to achieve this goal.
A male-specific gene, SRY, has been found to be linked to the control of physical movement and may contribute to the higher incidence of Parkinson's disease in men. The protein, which determines male gender, was discovered in British scientists in 1990.
The Global Youth Tobacco Survey found nearly 9% of students aged 13-15 were current smokers, with high exposure to secondhand smoke and non-cigarette tobacco use among young girls. Reduction efforts require preventing initiation and promoting cessation, with strong smoke-free policies necessary to combat the growing toll of tobacco use.
The Yale Center will assess and improve public health workforce training, develop new continuing education curricula, and collaborate with other CDC-funded centers to increase preparedness resources.
A study analyzing 487 primary studies found that medical test accuracy is often overestimated, particularly in detecting mild or early disease. The researchers emphasize the importance of knowing test accuracy in real clinical settings and the accuracy of gold standard tests to ensure accurate diagnoses.
A study by Joslin's Asian-American Diabetes Initiative found that Chinese-speaking immigrants with type 2 diabetes had less knowledge of disease management and poor blood glucose control compared to English-speaking immigrants. Bilingual education improved their understanding and led to better blood glucose control in laboratory tests.
A study of middle-age and older adults found that about a third had cholesterol disorders requiring drug treatment, but only 54% received it. Cholesterol control was lowest in those at highest risk of heart vessel disease, highlighting the need for improved treatment and control.
A $5.4 million grant will fund research on the epidemiological and immunological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia. The study aims to develop effective treatments for children, who comprise a high percentage of cases and have a poor response to current therapies.
Researchers have discovered a functional interaction between the genes MECP2 and BDNF, which could lead to new therapeutic opportunities for Rett syndrome patients. By modulating BDNF expression, it may be possible to delay or reverse disease progression.
A recent study suggests that controlling neglected tropical diseases like leprosy and sleeping sickness may help combat the global fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Integrating these efforts could provide a cost-effective solution to control or eliminate seven neglected tropical diseases for just $200 million annually.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that over 63,000 Ontario patients with diabetes had inadequate blood sugar control, with testing rates decreasing among younger adults. The research highlights concerns about unequal access to care and its impact on health outcomes for this vulnerable population.
A Hopkins investigation found that a newly introduced catheter valve was linked to a spike in bloodstream infections in the pediatric intensive care unit. The team identified mechanical issues with the device as the likely source of infection, highlighting the need for closer monitoring of technology's safety.
Research shows that tight glucose control significantly reduces heart disease and damage to the eyes, nerves, and kidneys in people with type 1 diabetes. The study found a 42% lower risk of cardiovascular events and a 58% lower risk of serious events like heart attacks or strokes.
A 12-year-old girl from rural Hunan, China died of acute respiratory distress syndrome after developing fever and cough. Her 9-year-old brother recovered after treatment with antiviral medication. The investigation highlights the need for improved infection control measures in backyard farming settings.
Evidence-based research and innovative initiatives can safeguard sex workers' lives. Peer education, condom-negotiating skills training, and occupational health guidelines are proven interventions that can benefit sex workers.
Golimumab, a fully-human anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, achieves primary endpoint and shows significant improvement in signs and symptoms of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. Patients receiving golimumab plus MTX achieved higher ACR response rates compared to placebo.
Researchers at The University of Manchester and The University of Maryland School of Medicine have made a breakthrough in understanding what makes a substance taste sweet. They found that sugar interacts with two types of taste receptors on the tongue, while some synthetic sweeteners only interact with one receptor. This discovery has ...
Three finalists, Pingxi Xu, Justin Blau, Paul Frankland, and Johanna Montgomery, have made significant contributions to understanding insect behavior through pheromone signaling. Their research has the potential to develop sustainable methods of pest control and improve human health by preventing disease.
A new focus for asthmatics aims to control the condition, rather than letting it control them. Asthma treatment should be individualized and tailored to achieve target symptom control, with regular visits to doctors for reassessment and medication adjustment.
A rapid impact package of four anti-parasitic drugs could bring tangible benefits to Africa's poorest communities by controlling seven neglected diseases. The cost of the package would be negligible, ranging from $0.07 to $0.40 per person per year.
Despite nationwide efforts, only two-thirds of women ages 18-45 are taking folic acid supplements daily. The March of Dimes calls for increased grain fortification and multivitamin use to reduce neural tube defects.
Researchers found a common genetic defect that prevents proper lung repair, increasing risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in families with a history of the disease. Smoking is also a major contributor to the disease, particularly among those with a family history.
Researchers at University of Illinois Chicago have found a new connection between the signaling protein Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) and cell migration. By studying the compound locostatin, they identified RKIP as a key player in controlling cell movement, suggesting it as a potential target for anti-cancer strategies.
A population-based study found that women with breast cancer are more likely to be absent from work for 4 weeks or more compared to healthy women. However, by the third year, work absence patterns become similar. The study also reveals factors that modulate work absence, such as stable relationships and self-employment.
A study tracking 43,000 men and women found that light smoking (1-4 cigarettes/day) significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease and lung cancer. Women are almost five times as likely to die from lung cancer compared to non-smokers.
Countries like Finland and the Netherlands have successfully controlled MRSA through strict screening, contact precautions, and rapid identification of cases. In contrast, Japan's lack of a mechanism to identify patients within hospitals has led to high MRSA incidence rates worldwide.
Researchers used molecular epidemiologic methods to identify the relationships between four separate foodborne hepatitis A virus outbreaks in Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, and Pennsylvania. The methods helped public health officials respond quickly to outbreaks and provided reassurance that a larger outbreak was not occurring.
A report on vaccine markets is criticized for favoring large firms and delaying access to effective vaccines. The author recommends using advanced purchase commitments as a complement to research funding.
Researchers analyzed gene expression patterns in blood samples from patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and asymptomatic carriers to identify potential biomarkers. The study found 12 genes with significantly altered expression levels, which rose to disease-associated levels as carriers approached symptom onset.
Researchers at McGill University have identified a gene, NRAMP1, that controls the speed of tuberculosis development. The study found that variants of this gene affect the time frame between initial infection and disease progression.
A recent survey in Botswana has found a significant increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis, with 10% of new patients showing resistance to at least one anti-TB drug. The study suggests that enhanced interventions are needed to contain the burden of tuberculosis in Botswana and prevent further drug resistance.
Researchers at U of T have identified heme as the molecule that allows protein E75 to regulate metabolic processes such as metabolism and circadian rhythms. The study, published in Cell, sheds light on how people metabolize fat, regulate their bodies' clocks, and age.
A study of 2,593 cases found that school pesticide exposure led to acute illnesses in children (7.4 cases per million) and adults (27.3 cases per million). The majority of illnesses were associated with insecticides, with integrated pest management programs recommended to prevent such exposures.
Commonly used disease models may make overly optimistic predictions about the levels of public health interventions needed. Researchers found that ignoring the latent period or assuming unrealistic distributions can result in underestimating transmission potential. The study emphasizes the need to consider these factors when making qua...
A study of 106 postmenopausal women found that alveolar bone loss is the strongest predictor of tooth loss in this population. The risk of tooth loss increases by 3 times for each millimeter of alveolar bone loss and 2.5 times for each millimeter of clinical attachment loss.
A growing appetite for public reporting of hospital infection rates could lead to improved patient safety and quality of care. UT Southwestern professor Dr. Jane Siegel advocates for standardized reporting systems to track key metrics, but notes that challenges exist due to differences in patient populations and data collection methods.
A new study published in Virology suggests that some strains of monkeypox are more virulent than others, depending on their origin in Africa. The 2003 US outbreak was caused by a West African virus, which may have been less deadly due to its strain.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University aim to develop powerful chemical repellents and attractants to interfere with malaria mosquitoes' ability to find human targets. The project uses genetic engineering, molecular biology, and field-based studies to establish an effective strategy for reducing malaria spread.
Emerging diseases can move between species, mutating into more virulent forms; WCS proposes 'One World, One Health' concept to prevent outbreaks. The global trade in wildlife poses a significant challenge, with estimated $100 billion losses due to livestock pathogens and pandemic diseases.
A study in Manitoba found a socioeconomic gradient in healthcare utilization, with low-income areas experiencing more hospitalizations and ambulatory visits. This challenges the assumption that frequent outpatient care for Ambulatory Care Sensitive conditions leads to lower hospitalization rates.
A study by researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that improved disease knowledge alone does not translate into improved blood sugar control, cholesterol levels, weight management, or mortality rates among diabetics. Despite this, education is still an important aspect of diabetes care.
An outbreak in 2000-2001 revealed fungal contamination in breast implants, caused by poor ventilation and storage conditions. Investigators recommended improved HVAC systems, infection control staff inclusion, and use of closed systems to fill implants.
A study found that approximately 69% and 84% of US residents had access to level I or II trauma centers within 45 and 60 minutes, respectively. Rural areas were often without timely access to these centers, while urban areas had better access due to higher concentrations of trauma centers.
A study of 135 reports found that schistosomiasis is significantly linked to anaemia, diarrhoea, chronic pain, fatigue, exercise intolerance, and malnutrition. The resulting disability was substantially higher than current World Health Organisation estimates.