Articles tagged with Placebos
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Seroquel was shown to significantly reduce mean Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total scores in patients with bipolar disorder, with a faster reduction in symptoms compared to placebo. The medication was well-tolerated and had fewer side effects than other treatments like haloperidol.
The XPERT TM study shows Xyzal significantly improved symptoms and quality of life for patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. Long-term treatment reduced co-morbidity, lost productivity, and economic savings.
A study of 16,608 postmenopausal women found that estrogen plus progestin therapy was associated with a 31% higher risk of stroke compared to placebo. The risk for ischemic stroke was particularly elevated, with a 44% increase.
Researchers found that topiramate significantly reduced heavy drinking days and increased abstinence days in heavy drinkers compared to placebo. The study also showed substantial reduction in plasma concentrations of the enzyme g-glutamyl transferase, an objective measure of high alcohol consumption.
A study found that 40% of children with ADHD responded well to lower doses of medication paired with a placebo, showing equal control over symptoms and fewer side effects. The researchers aim to explore mechanisms and establish clinical applications for this treatment approach.
A study showed that ARICEPT, a leading Alzheimer's treatment, is also effective in treating vascular dementia (VaD). Patients with VaD who received ARICEPT demonstrated significant improvements in cognition and daily living activities. The study suggests that ARICEPT may be an important measure of treatment success for VaD patients.
A new analysis of the Moderate to Severe Alzheimer's Disease Study (MSAD) found that ARICEPT significantly improved global function, cognition, and activities of daily living in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease. The study showed that ARICEPT also reduced behavioral symptoms associated with the disease.
A clinical trial using VEGF gene transfer found no significant improvement in walking ability for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Researchers are exploring alternative approaches, including transcription factor-based therapies and cell therapy, to address the condition.
A study of over 7200 patients found that budesonide decreased the risk of severe asthma attacks by 44% and reduced the need for systemic steroids. The drug also improved lung function and was well-tolerated, but had a negative effect on growth in children under 11.
A Phase III study of Raptiva found that 27% of patients experienced a 75% or greater Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score improvement after 12 weeks of therapy. Patients also showed rapid onset of effects on quality of life measurements, providing further support for Raptiva as a potential treatment option.
A study of 664 patients with moderate papulopustular facial rosacea found that azelaic acid 15% gel significantly reduced redness and the number of inflammatory lesions. The treatment also showed promise for improving overall quality of life, with patients reporting comfort and satisfaction with the product.
A recent study found that bupropion significantly improved abstinence rates for women and smokers with a history of depression, triple the success rate for those using a placebo. The medication also reduced negative mood in women during withdrawal, closing the gender gap in quit rates.
The Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism trial found that low-dose warfarin prevents episodes of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with a significant reduction in risk. The study showed no major bleeding complications, making it an effective and safe treatment option.
A study found that iron supplements improved iron status and reduced sick days in anemic children, regardless of the presence of upper respiratory tract infections. The research showed no increase in gastrointestinal side effects from supplementation.
Researchers found that recombinant activated factor VIIA significantly reduced blood loss during abdominal prostate removal surgery. Patients given the drug required no blood transfusions, whereas those receiving placebo did.
A study found that cocaine use in rats has distinct effects on adolescents versus adults. Adolescent rats showed stable activity levels during treatment, whereas adults developed increased sensitivity to the drug's effects. Additionally, adult rats had altered neurochemical adaptations, including increased dopamine transporter density.
A randomized, double-blind study found a significant reduction in symptom severity and duration when treating with zincum gluconicum nasal gel, even at 48 hours after illness onset. The treatment significantly shortened the median duration of cold symptoms by 4 days compared to placebo.
A 12-week study shows candesartan cilexetil significantly reduces headache days and sick leave in patients with migraines. The medication's benefits are associated with good tolerability, making it an exciting alternative to current therapies.
Researchers analyzed 37 randomized controlled trials and found that most showed no significant improvement in pain, appetite, weight gain, quality of life, or performance status for patients receiving a placebo. Individual patient responses to placebos were also variable, with some improvements observed in certain symptoms.
Over-the-counter nicotine patches are effective in helping smokers quit without behavioral support. The study found that active patch users were more likely to abstain from smoking for at least seven days, with 26.1% of participants achieving complete abstinence.
Results from THRIVE III study demonstrate that oral EXANTA is effective in preventing recurrence of VTE events by 84% compared to placebo. The data also show no significant increase in total bleeding events for EXANTA.
A recent study using the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU) technology compared the efficacy of Xyzal and NeoClarityn in controlling seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms. The results showed that Xyzal was more effective than NeoClarityn in relieving major symptoms, with a faster onset of action and longer duration of relief.
A phase 3 study found Enbrel inhibited radiographic progression in patients with active psoriatic arthritis. The drug reduced the progression of bone erosions and joint space narrowing associated with the disease.
A large clinical trial found that hormone replacement therapy did not reduce the progression of coronary disease in postmenopausal women, while high-dose antioxidant vitamins may even increase mortality risk. The study used angiography to assess the effects of hormone therapy and antioxidants on cardiovascular health.
A study of 610 participants found that wearing an ionized bracelet for 28 days did not provide significant pain relief compared to a placebo. The researchers conclude that the equivalent improvement in pain scores may call into question the true benefit of using such bracelets.
A study found that bupropion significantly reduced withdrawal symptoms and increased abstention rates from smoking. The medication also decreased negative mood in participants, which was more strongly related to relapse.
Postmenopausal women taking glucocorticoids are at a significantly increased risk of spinal fractures, with nearly six-fold higher odds compared to those not using the medication. Long-term use for chronic diseases can lead to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), which increases the risk of fracture.
A randomized, double-blind trial found that magnesium supplementation had no effect on 30-day mortality in patients with acute STEMI. The study's results support current coronary care practice and suggest that routine administration of intravenous magnesium is not indicated.
A phase II study found that coenzyme Q10 can slow the rate of functional decline in Parkinson's disease by improving mitochondrial function and energy-producing reactions. The study showed that higher doses of coenzyme Q10, up to 1,200 mg/day, were safe and more effective than lower doses.
A study found that azithromycin improved forced expiratory volume in one second's exhalation (FEV1) by around 5% in some children with cystic fibrosis. The drug was well-tolerated and showed no significant difference in quality-of-life assessments compared to placebo.
A new study found that bupropion significantly improved abstinence rates among participants who used spit tobacco, with 44% quitting after 12 weeks compared to 26% in the placebo group. Additionally, participants taking bupropion gained less weight than those on the placebo, averaging only 1.54 pounds versus 9.7 pounds over the 12-week...
A recent study published in JAMA found that ginkgo biloba provides no measurable benefit in memory, attention, or concentration in healthy older adults. The study, conducted by researchers at Williams College, tested the effects of ginkgo on memory and cognitive function in 230 volunteers over 60.
A new treatment approach using cisplatin/epinephrine gel has shown significant promise in treating advanced head and neck cancer. The study found that 29% of patients experienced tumor responses, with 19% achieving complete responses.
A study by Sandra L. Morzorati found that individuals with a family history of alcoholism exhibit greater feelings of intoxication after consuming alcohol, but adapt quickly to its effects. This adaptation may lead to increased drinking in people with a family history of the disease.
A recent study found that patients undergoing arthroscopic lavage or debridement for osteoarthritis of the knee did not experience greater pain relief or improved function compared to those receiving placebo surgery. The researchers suggest that the same therapeutic benefits may be achieved through non-invasive treatment methods.
Researchers conducted two studies on venlafaxine XR, a SNRI medication, for social anxiety disorder (SAD) treatment. The results showed significant reductions in SAD symptoms as early as four or six weeks after treatment began, with continued improvements through week 12.
Researchers analyzed historical placebo control data with Actonel treatment for osteoporosis, revealing a significant reduction in new vertebral fractures. The study found that once-week treatment with Actonel reduced the risk of new vertebral fractures by 77% at one year.
A study found that Actonel significantly slows deterioration in trabecular bone microarchitecture after just one year, while a placebo had no such effect. This suggests that protection of bone microarchitecture may play an important role in bone health.
LY333531 improves nerve function and sensory symptoms, including tingling and numbness, of diabetic neuropathy. The treatment is being studied for multiple diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
Combination therapy of finasteride and doxazosin significantly reduces BPH progression, urinary retention, and invasive treatments. Finasteride reduces prostate size, providing long-lasting symptom relief.
A recent study found that venlafaxine is effective in reducing symptoms of GAD in children and teens, with a significant decrease of 18.6 points on a standard measurement scale. The medication showed promising results in improving symptoms, with 64% of participants responding to therapy.
A large randomized clinical trial found that synthetic THC and plant-extract marijuana derivatives were safe but showed no improvement in spasticity symptoms for multiple sclerosis patients. Side effects, particularly with the plant-extract, were common and may limit potential dosages.
A multi-center research team found that infliximab prolonged remissions in moderate to severe Crohn's disease patients by twice as long at bi-monthly infusions compared to every eight weeks. The drug also helped patients reduce steroid use and improve quality of life.
A study of 355 patients with severe Crohn's disease found that infliximab treatment every two months significantly increased remission rates compared to placebo. Infliximab also allowed patients to taper off steroids and maintain clinical remissions.
A study found that depressed patients who responded to a placebo treatment showed similar brain changes as those who received an antidepressant, but with additional changes in the brainstem and hippocampus. The researchers suggest that these changes may be necessary for long-term recovery.
A team of researchers found that both placebo and antidepressant responders showed increased activity in the cortex, accompanied by decreased activity in limbic regions. Patients who responded to fluoxetine also experienced unique changes in lower brain areas thought to confer additional advantage in sustaining the response.
A double-blind clinical trial of 55 Lyme disease patients with severe fatigue revealed that while ceftriaxone showed promise in reducing fatigue, it was not without significant adverse effects. The study's results do not support the use of repeated courses of ceftriaxone due to these risks.
A randomized trial found that nicorandil reduced the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with stable angina, including deaths due to coronary heart disease and non-fatal heart attacks. The study showed a significant reduction in acute coronary syndromes and all cardiovascular events compared to the placebo group.
A large clinical trial found St. John's wort to be no more effective than placebo in treating moderately severe major depression. Researchers tested the supplement against the antidepressant sertraline and concluded that patients with moderate to severe depression should not self-medicate with St. John's wort.
Researchers found that vitamin supplementation reduced intimal index growth after heart transplantation, a common cause of arteriosclerosis. Vitamin C and E also maintained stable coronary endothelial function.
A high-protein diet supplemented with calcium and vitamin D was found to increase bone mineral density in older adults. The study showed that higher protein intake, particularly in combination with adequate calcium levels, can promote bone health and reduce the risk of fractures.
Researchers found that patients taking Bupropion SR lost statistically significant more weight than those in the placebo group during a 24-week initial period. After 48 weeks, patients who received Bupropion SR continued to lose weight, with an average of 8.6% and 7.5% body weight loss.
Researchers found that steroid treatment reduced sore throat pain by four hours and increased relief to twice that of placebo patients. The study also showed significant cost savings due to the pill form, which eliminates the need for a physician or nurse to administer the shot.
A new UCLA imaging study has found that placebo alters brain function in individuals with major depression, showing increased activity in the prefrontal cortex for those who responded to treatment. This discovery challenges traditional views on treatment effectiveness and may lead to the development of new medications.
Researchers have found that immunoglobulin therapy significantly reduces symptoms of Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS), including stiffness and spasm, and improves mobility. The study showed a statistically significant decrease in symptoms for patients treated with IVIg, with 11 out of 14 patients becoming less stiff and more mobile.
Researchers found that steroid nasal sprays combined with antibiotics significantly improved sinusitis symptoms and reduced recovery time. A study of 95 adults with recurrent or chronic sinusitis reported a 93% cure rate using fluticasone, compared to 74% for placebo.
A study by the University of Chicago found that saw palmetto can improve urinary symptoms in men with enlarged prostates. After six months, men who received saw palmetto had a significant reduction in their urinary symptom score, while those on placebo showed only half the improvement.
A study published in 2001 found that patients with autism who received secretin showed no statistically significant improvements in core symptoms compared to those who received a placebo. The researchers tested porcine secretin and found no improvement in secondary measures of autism either.
A comprehensive program combining naltrexone, communication skills training, and cue exposure training significantly reduced heavy drinking days and urges to drink. Patients who received the communications and coping skills training were less likely to report a relapse day.
Phase 3 results of ENBREL (etanercept) demonstrated significant improvement in signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis, with 72% of patients experiencing treatment response after 12 weeks. The study also showed improvements in skin manifestations and psoriasis activity.