Articles tagged with Small Rnas
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have found that small RNAs play a significant role in regulating growth and mediating hybrid vigor in maize. By analyzing small RNA profiles of hybrids, they discovered that differences arise mainly from distinct siRNAs inherited from each parent.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University have created a method to disable small RNAs, which are crucial for our genetic makeup and can affect plant growth. By using this technique, scientists can study the function of any small RNA in cells.
Researchers will use genome sequencing and equipment to profile small RNA expression in plants, aiming to improve biomass yields and quality for bioenergy production. The project focuses on Miscanthus and other grasses with high potential biomass yields.
Researchers have created a new cancer treatment that uses conditional small RNA molecules to selectively kill cancer cells. The approach exploits characteristics of DNA and RNA to separate diagnosis and treatment steps, potentially eliminating unwanted side effects.
Researchers discover small RNAs regulate genes involved in chronic pain, offering a new avenue for developing drugs to treat debilitating conditions like arthritis and back pain. Small RNAs may serve as possible drug targets to restore normal pain thresholds.
A CSHL team discovered rules governing the processing and sorting of small RNAs in the RNAi pathway. The rules determine which strand of a duplex is chosen to interact with the Argonaute protein, affecting gene regulation and potential therapeutic applications.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered tiny strands of RNA, previously considered 'junk,' that are actually very stable molecules with potential roles in cellular processes. The findings could lead to new types of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as new therapeutic targets.
Researchers have identified 60 new microRNA genes in planarians that may play a role in regeneration. Additionally, they discovered millions of piRNAs, which are essential for genome stability and likely function similarly to mammals.
A new method of obtaining marine microbe samples has yielded an unexpected discovery: the presence of many varieties of small RNAs, which can act as switches to regulate gene expression. This finding may allow scientists to learn on a broad scale how microbial communities respond to environmental stimuli.
Researchers at CSHL identify a family of mobile small RNAs, called ta-siRNAs, that act like morphogens to establish the top/bottom axis in leaves. These RNA molecules generate a concentration gradient across each leaf, dividing cells into distinct sections with sharply drawn boundaries.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a new class of small RNAs that regulate gene expression by acting as 'off' switches at specific sites. The study also reveals a strikingly novel biochemical pathway for RNA processing, which may have significant implications for understanding human disease.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered how mosquitoes control the pathogenicity of viruses, using short-interfering RNAs to modulate disease. By altering the virus genome, the team found a way to upset the balance, potentially targeting mosquito-borne diseases.
A team of CSHL scientists has discovered that maternal small RNAs called piRNAs pass on the trait of fertility from mother to offspring in fruit flies by silencing DNA sequences that induce sterility. This new mechanism of inheritance effectively doubles the number of mechanisms by which epigenetic information is known to be inherited.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown mechanism that processes non-coding RNA molecules into smaller pieces, including a new class of small RNAs called mascRNA. This discovery suggests that the vast majority of human DNA may not be genetic junk, but instead performs various kinds of work in cells.
A team of scientists has discovered unusual differences in the natural mechanisms that turn off genes in corn, providing new insight into how the crop protects itself from damage. The research found an extra layer of protective small RNAs in corn, which play a key role in repressing repetitive sequences, including mobile DNA elements.
Researchers have found that plants regulate their own genes using small RNAs, similar to how they silence foreign viral RNA. This discovery has implications for fields such as plant pathology, cancer research, and potentially even combating climate change by understanding how plants respond to pathogens.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a new class of small RNA molecules that modify gene activity and suppress transposable elements in fruit flies. These findings expand our understanding of the regulation of gene expression and blur distinctions between previously identified classes of small RNAs.
A consortium of scientists including CSHL's Gregory J. Hannon report findings about mammalian evolution gleaned from comparative study of small-RNA function in platypus, revealing unique characteristics such as egg-laying and venom delivery. The platypus genome also shows conserved small-RNA roles across species.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a new class of long short interfering RNAs (lsiRNAs) in Arabidopsis that are induced by bacterial infection or specific growth conditions. These lsiRNAs have unique biogenesis and target degradation pathways, suggesting they may play important roles in host immunity.
Research reveals ARGONAUTE 4 protein (AGO4) plays a dual role in RNA-directed DNA methylation, controlling epigenetic organization of entire genome. 454 Sequencing technology allows for comprehensive view of small RNAs, revolutionizing research on mechanisms of RNA interference.
Researchers have identified Piwi's partners in gene silencing pathways using small RNAs in Drosophila. This finding introduces a novel pathway of gene silencing, leveraging the association of Piwi with specific small RNAs called rasiRNAs.
Researchers have discovered a new class of small RNAs called piRNAs in the mouse germline, which are bigger than previously described small RNAs. These novel small RNAs are thought to play a role in spermatogenesis and have unique features that distinguish them from other types of small RNAs.
A novel class of 23-24-nt small RNAs has been identified in Tetrahymena, participating in a second distinct RNAi pathway. The discovery sheds light on the diversity of sRNA functions and biogenesis mechanisms, with potential applications for other systems.
A study published in Science reveals the vast potential of small RNAs in regulating gene expression, with over 77,000 unique small RNAs identified in Arabidopsis plants. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding small RNA function and regulation, which may also contribute to cancer diagnostics.
Researchers from the University of Delaware made a breakthrough in studying small RNAs by applying Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) to Arabidopsis. The study identified over 75,000 different small RNA sequences and provided quantitative information on their abundance and regulation.
The miRNA profiling technique is widely used in cancer research to identify and quantify microRNAs in tumor tissues. Researchers have found that specific miRNA patterns are associated with different types of cancers, leading to potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment.
A study by James Carrington and Steve Jacobsen reveals distinct classes of small RNAs in plants with specialized functions. These include genome maintenance, regulation of specific genes, and defense mechanisms, shedding light on the evolution of RNA-mediated gene silencing.
Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery about small RNAs controlling gene behavior, potentially leading to new research on cancer and stem cells. This advancement was named this year's top scientific achievement by the journal Science.
Researchers have identified 31 novel microRNAs and their associated protein complexes. The discovery reveals a possible link between the pathway of miRNA activity and the progression of spinal muscular atrophy, a common childhood neuromuscular disorder.