Articles tagged with Small Rnas
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba discovered a regulatory small RNA, AdiZ, that directly negatively regulates genes involved in glucose uptake and glycolysis. This induction facilitates Salmonella's survival within macrophages by coupling acid resistance to metabolic reprogramming.
Researchers identify circulating extracellular vesicles produced in diseased kidneys as the culprit behind toxicity in the heart. The discovery could lead to the development of a blood test to identify patients at high risk for serious heart problems and novel treatments to prevent and treat heart failure.
Researchers have discovered a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in controlling cholesterol production and the development of heart disease. The molecule, tsRNA-Glu-CTC, was found to boost SREBP2 activity, leading to higher cholesterol levels and increased risk of atherosclerosis.
A study published in Cell Metabolism reveals that paternal exercise can confer endurance capacity to offspring through sperm microRNAs. Exercise-trained fathers pass on specific microRNAs to their offspring, which reprogram gene regulatory networks and promote mitochondrial biogenesis.
Researchers propose a new concept, RNA immunity, which suggests small RNA molecules play a direct role in fighting viral infections in mammals. Endogenous and exogenous small RNAs can bind to viral RNA sequences and inhibit replication.
Scientists have developed genome sequences for five duckweed species, revealing genes behind the plant's unique traits and versatility. The research holds promise for commercial applications, including carbon capture technology and biofuel production.
Researchers Rob Martienssen and Thomas Gingeras analyzed maize and teosinte genomes to identify regulatory regions controlling gene expression. They found hundreds of thousands of enhancers and super enhancers that were strongly selected during domestication 9,000 years ago.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have mapped how microRNAs control cell development in the human embryo during the first days after fertilization. The atlas identifies crucial sncRNAs that guide embryonic growth and differentiation, shedding light on how to identify healthy embryos for improved fertility treatment.
A new study published in the journal JCI Insight found that male mice fed high-cholesterol diets have increased cardiovascular disease risk in their female offspring. The researchers used a novel method to study sperm small RNA and discovered altered molecules that affect gene expression in early embryonic stem cells.
A new study reveals that AGO's N-terminal extension interacts with PRMT5 to catalyze arginine dimethylation, affecting RNA-guided mechanisms. This process fine-tunes gene regulation in plants, impacting development and stress responses.
Researchers discovered that microRNA-29 can restore normal skin structure rather than producing a scar, promoting faster and more efficient wound healing. The release of microRNA-29 targets, particularly LAMC2, is crucial in this process, suggesting a potential new approach for treating large-area or deep wounds.
By reducing chlorophyll levels in leaves, researchers found a 17% increase in seed nitrogen concentration without impacting canopy carbon assimilation. The study's results provide an alternative approach to improve crop yield and nutritional quality for global food security.
A team of researchers at Hokkaido University has discovered a new role for 4.5 SH RNA in mice, which plays a crucial role in regulating alternative splicing and may be the first identified member of a new class of regulatory RNAs.
Human SIDT1 and SIDT2 proteins form dimers and higher-order oligomers to bind small RNAs in a pH-dependent manner, enabling their transport into the cytoplasm. This study elucidates the molecular basis of RNA uptake by these proteins, shedding light on their functional regulation.
A team of Chinese and UK researchers has identified superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a potential target for reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer. By using nanoparticles to deliver siRNA that reduces SOD1 levels, the study showed reduced growth and decreased resistance to cisplatin in female mice.
Gray mold is a fungus that causes billions of dollars in crop losses each year, but researchers have discovered a way to control it without using toxic chemicals. The discovery reveals that gray mold uses lipid 'bubbles' to deliver RNA molecules that silence plant immune systems.
Researchers used proteomics and small RNA sequencing to analyze 103 human blood plasma samples, identifying 21 proteins and 315 small RNAs associated with aging. Combining protein and miRNA data improved age predictions (R2 = 0.70 ± 0.01), suggesting a broader range of age-related physiological changes.
Researchers at the Forsyth Institute have discovered a molecule naturally produced by the human host that targets and inhibits Fusobacteria, an opportunistic oral pathogen linked to colorectal cancer. The findings suggest a chemically modified version of this molecule could be used as a potential therapeutic to prevent colorectal cance...
Researchers discovered that small RNAs regulate Salmonella's virulence genes by stabilizing mRNA stability through the hilD 3' untranslated region. The study found that Spot 42 and SdsR sRNAs are crucial for controlling SPI-1 expression, leading to improved understanding of Salmonella's pathogenicity.
Researchers at IMBA found that Kipferl helps distribute Rhino to piRNA clusters, avoiding sequestration to Satellite arrays. This control mechanism ensures the effective silencing of jumping genes and maintains genome stability.
Researchers discovered a novel form of gene regulation altered in bladder cancer, which boosts the unfolded protein response pathway to help cancer cells survive during rapid growth. Elevated TRMT6/61A enzyme levels prevent tRF-3bs from silencing genes in this pathway.
Researchers developed a virus that infects cancer cells, killing them while sending signals to nearby uninfected cells for viral attack. This approach shrinks tumors and enhances cancer-killing efficacy in various models, including pancreatic and ovarian cancers.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have discovered that certain RNA molecules called tDRs released by cells in response to stress can serve as markers of cellular stress in different diseases. The study created an atlas of stress signatures for tDRs, which can be used to diagnose and understand various conditions.
Researchers found that epigenetic inheritance can affect the genetic composition of a population for multiple generations. Exposure to high temperatures accelerated the rate of evolution, increasing the spread of genes through mating.
Researchers found that stressed worms produce more sexually attractive offspring by transferring small RNAs, which influence gene expression. This epigenetic inheritance allows the trait to persist across generations without DNA changes.
Scientists discover that small RNAs recruit RNA Polymerase V to initiate DNA methylation, enabling crop breeders to avoid silencing from the start. This finding has substantial implications for reducing the cost and effort of producing transgenic crops.
Researchers discovered a small RNA molecule that regulates both the production of the cholera toxin and the metabolism of the cholera bacterium. This finding provides a new target for developing treatments against cholera and has implications for biotechnological applications.
Research from the John Innes Centre uncovers how small RNAs in plant tapetal cells influence DNA methylation in sperm, ensuring genetic integrity across generations. This breakthrough discovery has far-reaching implications for crop biotechnology and fundamental biological understanding.
A new RNA-sequencing method, PANDORA-seq, can detect modified small RNAs that were previously undetectable. The method employs a stepwise enzymatic treatment to remove key RNA modifications, uncovering a surprising small-RNA landscape dominated by tsRNAs and rRNA-derived small RNAs.
Researchers at UC Riverside identified proteins that bind to small RNAs, loading them into extracellular vesicles and enhancing the delivery of gene-silencing RNAs. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient disease control and aid human therapies.
Researchers have discovered viral small RNAs in mosquito cells, shedding light on the transmission of viruses like yellow fever and dengue fever. This study provides a comprehensive platform for comparing the characteristics of small RNAs across four mosquito species.
A recent study by an international team of researchers has discovered a novel link between tRNA fragments and the immune response following stroke. The findings suggest that tRNA fragments may replace microRNAs in monocytes, regulating homeostasis and potentially working in synergy.
Researchers identify NAD+ capping as a key regulator of RNA stability in plants, allowing them to dynamically respond to environmental cues and stress. This process is similar to what has been found in mammalian cells, with implications for understanding plant development and response to hormone signals.
Researchers found that small RNA molecule NikS regulates critical virulence factors in H. pylori, allowing it to colonize the stomach and develop disease. NikS influences bacterial internalization and helps overcome epithelial barriers.
Researchers identified a specific non-coding genomic region essential for proper development of male and female reproductive organs in rice. The discovery highlights the importance of non-coding RNAs in plant reproduction and could lead to increased productivity and stable yields of rice.
Researchers discovered that a type of junk DNA in mosquitoes orchestrates the start of their life by regulating the activity of other RNA molecules. The breakdown of maternal RNA is essential for further development and is controlled by the stuttering DNA.
A new study identifies a mechanism in nematodes that allows neurons to transmit information to future generations, influencing physiological processes such as food-seeking behavior. This finding challenges the traditional view of the Weismann Barrier and has major implications for understanding heredity and evolution.
Researchers at FAU have discovered a small RNA that prevents potato tuber formation at high temperatures. They created heat-resistant potato plants by deactivating this RNA, which can withstand temperatures above 29 degrees during the day or night. This breakthrough offers hope for securing crop yields in the face of climate change.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new skeletal disease linked to an abnormal expression of small RNA molecules. The study reveals that the disease causes skeletal dysplasia, joint pain, and delayed cartilage cell maturation in patients, providing potential diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Researchers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have identified a small RNA molecule that significantly affects antibiotic resistance in soil bacteria. Without this molecule, the bacteria are more sensitive to penicillins and produce less of the enzyme degrading these antibiotics.
A team of researchers has developed a new approach to improve crop resilience under changing climate conditions, using advanced imaging techniques and bioinformatics. The project aims to understand the molecular basis of pollen development and male fertility in key crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.
Studies by UMass Medical School Professor Oliver J. Rando and colleagues found that small RNAs in sperm play a crucial role in normal pre-implantation development, with subtle differences between sperm from the epididymis impacting offspring health.
Researchers found that sperm's small RNA from the epididymis plays a crucial role in embryo development, and changes to this RNA can affect implantation rates. The study provides new insights into paternal contributions to offspring and has implications for assisted reproduction.
A consortium of nine labs across the US and Netherlands standardized RNA sequencing methods to improve consistency and accuracy in liquid biopsies. The study found that different methods produced varying results, highlighting the need for standardized protocols to facilitate reproducible data and progress in the field.
Researchers discover piRNAs, small RNA molecules that identify and silence foreign genetic sequences in cells. The study sheds light on a basic mechanism affecting fertility in animals.
A team of geneticists has discovered a mechanism that enables plants to count their chromosomes, solving a century-old problem. They found that small RNA molecules, called miR845, trigger the synthesis of secondary RNAs that silence key genes, preventing viable seeds from forming.
A study of snapdragons has yielded a clue about how nature controls fundamental evolutionary change in all species. A new genetic mechanism, known as a hairpin, has been identified that favours colour schemes which signpost a flower's entry point most clearly to pollinating bees.
A team of researchers led by Xuemei Chen identified a small RNA species and its target gene regulating female germline formation in plants. The study provides new insights into plant reproduction and has the potential to improve crop yields.
University of Georgia professor Ping Ma is developing statistical tools to analyze big data in disease research, with a focus on small RNAs and their role in alternative splicing. His work aims to provide efficient and robust computational strategies for analyzing large datasets without requiring expensive supercomputers.
Researchers found that Zika virus disrupts fetal brain development by interfering with human neural progenitor cells, leading to microcephaly. They also identified specific small RNAs from the virus that could impact brain development and lead to microcephaly in mice.
A new Tel Aviv University study reveals the rules that dictate which epigenetic responses will be inherited, and for how long. The research identifies specific genes, called MOTEK, that control the inheritance of epigenetic information.
Researchers discovered that small RNAs and the Argonaute enzyme work together to fine-tune egg composition, supporting embryonic development. The study found that varying small RNA levels can precisely control material production in eggs.
Hailing Jin, a UC Riverside professor of plant pathology and microbiology, received $1.25 million from the National Institutes of Health to study small RNA machinery in plant immunity. She will also receive $700,000 from the National Science Foundation to investigate RNA trafficking pathways between pathogens and hosts.
A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered an ancient gene network that helps plants adapt to their environments. The tasiARF/ARF gene network, found in both mosses and flowering plants, plays a crucial role in regulating the response to environmental cues.
Research reveals that a father's diet can impact the RNA of his sperm, which in turn can affect gene regulation in offspring. Studies found that high-fat diets and low-protein diets can lead to changes in specific small RNAs, including tRNA-Gly-GCC, which suppresses genes related to metabolic disorders.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have developed a new RNA sequencing technique that reveals an abundance of modified fragments derived from transfer RNA molecules in both yeast and human cells. This discovery opens up a rapidly growing area of RNA research, increasing the detection of transfer RNA fragments by three-fold.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have identified a genetic mechanism that enables worms to pass on the 'memory' of starvation to multiple generations through small RNA molecules. This discovery has potential implications for understanding human physiological responses to starvation and other challenges, such as anorexia nervosa.
A new study using roundworms reveals that starvation induces specific changes in small RNAs, which are inherited through at least three consecutive generations. The researchers found that these changes target genes involved in nutrition and result in a longer life span for the progeny of starved worms.
Researchers at the University of Eastern Finland developed a novel treatment using RNA molecules to target and enhance vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF-A) production. This approach significantly reduced myocardial infarction size in mouse models, offering new hope for heart disease treatments.
New research suggests that short stretches of piRNA evaluate cells' genetic history by recognizing sequences that have been expressed before. The study found that the silencing pattern is permanent and passed stably between generations, with each individual establishing its own pattern.