Researchers uncovered evidence of state monitoring of migrant gossip in multiple languages, with churches aiming to have 'eyes everywhere'. The average person would hear multiple languages daily, and records kept by churches reveal the voices of regular people.
The global prevalence of myopia is projected to exceed 740 million cases by 2050, with females, East Asians, and those in urban areas showing higher rates. The condition's impact on children and teens is expected to be significant, with low and middle-income countries predicted to have a higher prevalence than high-income countries.
A PSU English professor is using a grant from the National Science Foundation to study one of the world's fastest and largest supercomputers, Aurora. The research aims to answer questions about how supercomputers work, their applications in science and industry, and their impact on the US's position in scientific advancement.
A new study reveals how psilocybin alters brain connectivity to alleviate symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, potentially aiding treatment. Psilocybin strengthens neural connections between executive functions and emotionally salient stimuli, leading to improved BDD symptoms.
A new quantum sensing approach using diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers captures real-time electrochemical evolution in battery electrodes. The study reveals non-uniform phase transformations and superparamagnetic behavior in Fe particles, providing new insights into material behavior and failure mechanisms.
A study published in Neuron found that psychedelics, such as DOI, activate fast-spiking interneurons in the ventral hippocampus, which helps to silence other neighboring neurons and reduce anxiety in mice and rats. This understanding of brain chemistry could lead to the development of new drugs targeting anxiety.
Researchers have identified nearly 200 potential breast carcinogens in food contact materials, including plastics and paper, highlighting widespread exposure despite existing regulation. The findings emphasize the need for stronger preventative measures to reduce these chemicals in everyday products.
A new randomized study of 168 people investigated the neurochemical underpinnings of the placebo-effect, finding that dopamine does not play a direct causal role in establishing positive treatment expectations and placebo analgesia. Instead, dopamine may interact with reward processing related to active agency and motivation.
New research on genetically modified crops reveals potential environmental impacts, including increased pesticide use, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The study highlights the need for further research to support sustainable agriculture practices.
A new study reveals a significant evolution in the UN's approach to human rights, with growing emphasis on disability and business-related rights. The research highlights the importance of corporate responsibility and suggests a move toward a more comprehensive understanding of human rights that encompasses economic and social rights.
Industrial fishing practices in tropical and subtropical waters release high levels of methylmercury into the ocean. The majority of this mercury is found in large pelagic fish like tuna, which are then consumed by humans. This can lead to developmental delays in children and impaired cardiovascular health in adults.
Researchers found that androgens regulate skeletal muscle mass by regulating IGF1 expression via AR expressed in mesenchymal progenitors of skeletal muscle. This suggests a potential new treatment for sarcopenia, an age-related loss of skeletal muscle weight.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a graphene-based, ultra-thin antibacterial material that can kill 99.9% of bacteria on surfaces, including medical devices and implants. The new technology uses fridge magnet technology to control the orientation of graphene flakes, making it possible for practical applica...
A significant proportion of American adults suffer from absolute and functional iron deficiency, which can lead to adverse health outcomes. The study highlights the importance of screening strategies for iron deficiency, as it is a common issue that may be overlooked or undertreated.
Researchers discovered that certain bacteria display communal behaviors protecting sensitive species from drugs, allowing them to grow normally in a community. The study found that high drug concentrations cause microbiome communities to collapse and cross-protection strategies are replaced by cross-sensitisation.
A new experimental technique directly measures heating in spintronic devices, allowing researchers to compare thermal effects to electromagnetic interactions. The study finds that heating has a significant impact on antiferromagnetic materials used in spintronics, but the effect depends on the physics responsible.
Researchers have identified James Fitzjames, a senior officer of Sir John Franklin's 1845 Northwest Passage expedition, using DNA and genealogical analyses. The identification was made possible by a DNA sample from a living descendant that matched the remains found on King William Island.
Bottled water's environmental impact and health risks are alarming, with 2 billion people relying on it due to limited access to safe drinking water. Microplastics, phthalates, and BPA have been linked to various health issues, while plastic waste contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.
A study reveals that the gender gap in physics has remained stable for over a century due to established scientists' adoption patterns and network inclusion. The gap can be closed by adjusting parameters, but interventions such as funding and promotion opportunities are more challenging.
A study by Duke-NUS reveals that only half of South and Southeast Asian countries have genomic sequencing initiatives in their national plans. The study identifies key priorities to enhance preparedness against future pandemics, including strengthening partnerships, financing, and guidelines.
The new center, funded by a $4.2 million NIH grant, will build research capacity and catalyze climate and health solutions. It aims to promote climate justice through community engagement and develop evidence-based policies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on human health.
Researchers have developed a gallium-based ceramic with anomalous positive τf, offering low dielectric constant and high quality factor. The material's unique properties make it suitable as a temperature compensator for low-dielectric microwave ceramics.
A new analytical tool called PATH can quantify tumor cell plasticity, which is a key characteristic of cancer that leads to treatment resistance and metastatic spread. Researchers used PATH to analyze tumor samples from animal models and human patients, revealing new details of how tumors exploit plasticity to spread.
Researchers have identified hundreds of genes and microproteins specific to human hearts, which are also abnormally expressed in heart failure. These findings provide new insights into cardiac disease and suggest potential targets for therapy.
A new study warns that future climate change will intensify wildfires in the Arctic region, leading to an abrupt switch from no fires to very intense ones within just a few years. The accelerated permafrost thawing is expected to increase soil water and vegetation biomass, exacerbating fire fuel.
Researchers from the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management found that campaign size, social capital, and reward options are top factors in success. Machine learning identified a sweet spot for campaign duration and reward options, with success plateauing after 50 options.
Researchers developed a novel method to analyze microfossils, shedding light on the evolution of life. The technique identified phospholipid cell membranes and nitrogen-fixing metabolic enzymes in 1.9-billion-year-old fossils.
A proof-of-concept study introduces a medical device that measures protease activity in human breath to diagnose lower respiratory tract infections. The system showed elevated levels of human neutrophil elastase in patients with confirmed lower respiratory tract infections, suggesting its potential for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis.
A new study reveals a significant increase in e-bike and powered scooter injuries between 2019 and 2022, with rates rising by 293% and 88%, respectively. The research highlights the need to improve micromobility injury surveillance and identify strategies for cities to promote safe user practices.
Children with medical complexity from rural areas are more likely to receive care at non-pediatric hospitals. The study emphasizes the importance of ensuring all hospitals can provide adequate care for these patients.
Researchers at UH Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology identified scenarios under which eight coral species can adapt to ocean warming and acidification. The corals can survive a 'low climate change scenario' but not a 'business-as-usual' scenario, highlighting the importance of curtailing carbon emissions for their survival.
Researchers at the Alfred Wegener Institute found that atmospheric blocking slowed the melting of Greenland's 79° N Glacier by cooling Atlantic seawater flowing into its cavern. This change had significant implications for the future of Greenland's glaciers, as warmer ocean temperatures typically accelerate ice melting.
College-educated Black men experienced nearly three fewer poor mental health days per month following Obama's reelection, while less educated men saw worse mental health. The researchers suspect that feelings of disappointment and relative deprivation theory may explain the shift in mental health benefits.
A study using machine learning to analyze patents and job task descriptions found that AI is likely to augment rather than replace many jobs. The most impacted occupations included orthodontists, security guards, and air traffic controllers.
A study from the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture has improved food quality computer predictions by using human perception data. The researchers trained a computer model to mimic human adaptation to environmental conditions, resulting in more consistent predictions under different lighting conditions.
A new study suggests that altering coral feeding habits could aid their recovery from bleaching events caused by rising ocean temperatures and acidification. Feeding corals zooplankton after a bleaching event improved their resilience to warming temperatures, promoting growth and enhancing recovery rates.
Researchers have found that ultra-short heart rate variability measures can accurately capture autonomic function in severe TBI survivors using 30-60 second recordings. The study validates the reliability of these ultra-short HRV measures, which may provide an objective marker for post-TBI autonomic health.
Researchers from Kyushu University found that reducing plastic waste entering oceans by 32% by 2035 would result in more than 50% less plastic in the oceans by 2050. The study aims to provide a clear numerical target for global efforts to tackle marine plastic pollution.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed innovative electrolytes that can improve the efficiency of electrochemical processes, including steel production. The new electrolytes are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by eliminating energy-intensive blast furnaces.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered that innate-like T cells mature differently in humans than in mice, with age playing a critical role in their development. This finding has significant implications for the development of immunotherapeutics, highlighting the need to consider human-specific differences when te...
Researchers propose that sign language classifiers are integrated into the grammar through pictorial representation, appearing in a comic book-like order. This visualization mechanism allows for greater flexibility and complexity in language, complementing standard words with iconic expressions.
Researchers developed new surface treatments to reduce biological toxicity effects on marine organisms. Biofilm growth and coral survival were significantly improved on surface-treated samples, while bulk-treated samples showed reduced biofilm growth and mechanical properties.
Researchers have found that intraovarian PRP injection can improve the number and quality of blastocysts in POI mouse ovaries damaged by high doses of chemotherapy. The study also characterizes the protein content of PRP, suggesting its potential to enhance reproductive function.
Well-being is defined as a sense of belonging, agency, purpose, identity, civic engagement, and financial well-being. The authors summarize data-backed teaching practices supporting elements of student well-being, including supportive mentorships and experiential learning opportunities.
Researchers found that high-density monocultures result in increased stand biomass of Pinus sylvestris plantations in the boreal zone. However, this strategy comes at the cost of reduced species richness and smaller individual trees.
Video games created as mental health interventions can be modest tools in improving the mental well-being of children and teens with anxiety, depression, and ADHD. These digital mental health interventions showed a reduction in symptoms related to ADHD and depression, but not for anxiety.
Researchers developed a low-cost means of measuring indoor air quality, pinpointing sources and factors affecting PM concentrations. Air pollution levels remained within World Health Organisation guidelines during school hours, with dominant outdoor sources.
Researchers at Waseda University developed a novel process for converting ammonia into green hydrogen gas at low temperatures using an electric field and Ru/CeO2 catalyst. The study successfully achieved 100% conversion rate at 398K, surpassing the equilibrium conversion rate.
Despite free access to contraceptives in Nepal, Nepalese migrant women in Japan face challenges due to language barriers, restrictive healthcare laws, and high costs. The study found that condoms were the most used contraceptive method, while traditional methods like the rhythm method were prevalent in Japan.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have identified a specific brain circuit that may protect against post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans with traumatic brain injury. The study suggests using neurostimulation therapies on this circuit could treat PTSD, offering a new potential non-invasive treatment option.
Researchers found that liraglutide alters iron metabolism, decreasing liver iron storage and circulation. The study suggests a potential new therapeutic option for patients with hereditary hemochromatosis.
A Europe-wide invasion of the southern small white butterfly has led to a significant loss of genetic diversity within the species. The insect's expansion into new areas is facilitated by urbanization and its preference for human-designed habitats, but this comes at the cost of reduced genetic variation.
A research team led by Osaka University has identified a new mechanism crucial for the initiation of autophagy, a self-degradation process cells use to eliminate unneeded or damaged components. The palmitoylation of ULK1 by ZDHHC13 plays a critical role in this process.
A new study from the University of British Columbia reveals that soccer headers can briefly slow brain activity, producing waves associated with sleep and drowsiness. The research found increased delta brain waves within moments of impact, potentially disrupting information processing and leading to reduced focus.
Scientists have discovered a new species of predatory flatworm in North Carolina and Florida, which has been detected in residential landscapes across the Southeast. The researchers found that the flatworm has brownish-black color and feeds on soft-bodied organisms like earthworms and slugs.
The research team developed a printing-based selective metal thin film deposition technique, enabling the fabrication of high-performance soft electronic devices and circuits in various forms. The method utilizes polymer patterns to block metal vapor condensation, allowing for patterning on multi-curvature or elastic substrates.
Researchers have discovered that COVID-19 patients experience worse cognitive function 12-18 months after hospitalization, with reduced brain volume and abnormal protein levels. This affects global cognitive deficits equivalent to twenty years of normal aging.
Researchers found that contemplating pragmatic steps and fostering a sense of community can combat climate burnout. People are more likely to experience burnout when feeling despair about tackling climate change, but imagining a positive future where the crisis has been addressed can reduce disengagement.
Researchers proposed a new method, PC-AUC, to improve weakly-supervised learning frameworks for classification tasks. The method utilizes pairwise comparison data to maximize the area under the ROC curve (AUC), demonstrating its effectiveness on multiple datasets. Further leveraging unlabeled data could enhance performance in the future.
Dr. Roger Lo has been awarded a $2 million NIH grant to investigate ways to prevent drug resistance in melanoma treatment and improve the effectiveness of MAPK inhibitors. The team aims to target genetic instability and immune evasion to stabilize the melanoma genome and make it more vulnerable to immune attacks.