Articles tagged with Autophagy
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A team led by Yves Marcel has discovered a process called autophagy that mobilizes and exports cholesterol from cells. This could provide a new target to reverse atherosclerosis, the main cause of heart attack and stroke.
Researchers found that increased autophagy in germline-less worms led to higher activity of a fat-digesting enzyme, extending their lifespan. The study suggests that recycling fat is beneficial for worms, and may have implications for human diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's.
Researchers have defined a specific protein complex that allows cells to remove damaged mitochondria via autophagy, a process crucial for maintaining cellular integrity. This discovery highlights the interaction between Hsp90-Cdc37 and Ulk1, which is essential for efficient mitochondrial clearance.
In a new study, researchers found that when brain cells are starved, they turn to self-cannibalism through autophagy, which increases hunger signals and makes diets ineffective. Blocking this process may lead to weight loss and improved energy balance.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found that a promising cancer treatment drug can restore function of a heart en route to failure from high blood pressure. The drug has been shown to reverse the harmful effects of autophagy in heart muscle cells of mice, leading to regression of heart disease.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have elucidated the molecular mechanism of autophagy in intestinal cells, revealing how salmonella is marked and digested. Impaired autophagy may be linked to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute found that depriving human melanoma cells of the essential amino acid leucine can lead to their death. Leucine deprivation triggers apoptosis in melanoma cells, providing a potential framework for targeted therapy. The study suggests that inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine may enhance this effect.
A study published in Cell Metabolism identifies a previously underappreciated cellular fat storage depot controlled by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), which plays a crucial role in balancing cellular cholesterol levels and regulating autophagy.
Researchers identify SMER28 molecule that increases autophagy to clear amyloid-beta protein aggregates. Increasing autophagy may improve treatment outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers have identified a roundworm protein that can suppress systemic inflammation caused by sepsis, providing new potential treatment options. The protein, ES-62, triggers autophagy, a process that clears damage and promotes cell survival during stress situations.
Scientists from Rockefeller University have discovered a new compound, SMER28, which stimulates autophagy and effectively slows down the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein aggregates in rat and mice cells. This approach offers a radically different method to treat Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative diseases.
Scientists found that AMPK, a metabolic master switch, triggers autophagy by activating the enzyme ATG1. This process helps cells recycle debris and survive starvation better, which is significant for aging-related diseases like type II diabetes and Parkinson's disease.
A study found that excess alpha-synuclein blocks the formation of autophagosome precursors and omegasomes, leading to impaired autophagy in neurons. This can result in the gradual accumulation of toxic proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, sensitizing neurons to cell death.
A team of researchers discovered HMGB1 as a critical pro-autophagic protein that enhances cell survival and limits programmed cell death. This finding suggests blocking HMGB1 could benefit cancer patients by preventing tumor cells from revving up autophagy to withstand chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation treatment
Researchers found autophagy is crucial for inner ear development and balance sensing in mice, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for human balance disorders. The study's findings indicate a role for autophagy in functions beyond degrading cellular constituents.
Researchers have found that modulating the adrenal gland's production of glucocorticoid hormones can regulate the resetting of the internal body clock, providing a new potential therapy for jet lag. This discovery also has implications for those who suffer from rotating shift work and its associated health problems.
Researchers discover mutant strain of gum disease-causing bacteria that can activate autophagy, a cellular process that breaks down waste products and plaques associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This finding could lead to novel therapeutics for treating Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other diseases.
A study by Einstein researchers suggests that a mutated protein accumulation may be key to understanding the disease. The defective huntingtin protein interferes with cellular autophagy, leading to toxicity and cell death.
A meta-analysis found that the ATG16L1 variant is associated with a higher risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The study also suggests a role for autophagy in IBD development, highlighting the need for further research on the gene's etiology.
Researchers at the NIH have identified a key role for the protein Slc23a1 in controlling vitamin C levels in mice, which is essential for perinatal survival. Additionally, they discovered that treating multidrug-resistant leukemia cells with a specific drug can resensitize them to glucocorticoids and other cytotoxic agents by activatin...
ATM senses DNA damage, ordering repairs or cell death, while also responding to oxidative harm outside the nucleus. This discovery reveals a potential way to activate tumor-suppressors without damaging DNA.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified a new gene, DOR, that facilitates the formation of autophagosomes and plays a crucial role in the cellular recycling program. The study suggests potential avenues for developing new therapies for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases by modulating autophagy.
Researchers found that a mutant ATPase blocks autophagy partway through, causing multi-tissue degenerative diseases. Mutations in VCP also accumulate p62 and LC3 in muscle tissue, suggesting frustrated autophagosomes. The study aims to determine the mechanism of VCP's promotion of final stages of autophagy.
Researchers found that mice deficient in a gene required for autophagy develop muscle atrophy and weakening, resembling certain diseases. Maintaining normal autophagy levels is crucial to clear away damaged cells and prevent muscle weakness with age.
Researchers developed a new combination therapy that blocks autophagy in breast cancer cells, leading to increased cell death rates. This approach may help overcome resistance mechanisms in breast cancer, providing a promising treatment option.
The Ellison Medical Foundation has awarded over $1 million to two mid-career scientists, Dr. Charleen T. Chu and Dr. David M. Sabatini, to study the impact of autophagy and mTOR signaling on age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have found that autophagy prevents harmful bacteria like Salmonella from becoming successful pathogens. Decreases in autophagy may lead to abnormalities in the intestinal tract's response to bacterial infections.
Researchers have discovered that HIV hijacks the autophagy process to facilitate viral replication and survival. By leveraging this cellular pathway, the virus can evade degradation and complete its maturation process.
A waste disposal protein called p62 is responsible for disposing of damaged proteins in cells, preventing the accumulation of toxic waste that can promote cancer tumor growth. Researchers discovered that controlling p62 levels can stimulate autophagy and lead to tumor suppression.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism by which nanoparticles cause lung damage, triggering programmed cell death through autophagy. They also found that blocking this process with an autophagy inhibitor can counteract the damage, providing a promising lead for developing safety strategies for nanotechnology.
Researchers found that adding chloroquine to imatinib improves its therapeutic effect by inhibiting autophagy, which helps leukemia cells evade death. The combination eliminates most CML stem cells and increases imatinib-induced cell death.
A team of researchers has identified a class of drugs that may enhance the therapeutic effects of imatinib mesylate, a commonly used treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia. By inhibiting autophagy, these drugs can increase the effectiveness of imatinib mesylate and improve outcomes for patients with CML.
Researchers found that cannabinoids like THC have anticancer effects on human brain cancer cells by inducing autophagy. Additionally, lithium was shown to protect hippocampal nerve cells in mice treated with cranial radiation therapy, suggesting it may be a new approach to reducing long-term neurological side effects.
A new process controlling cell fat storage has been discovered, which could lead to novel drugs for metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease. The study found that autophagy regulates lipid metabolism, and disrupting this process can contribute to diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Research suggests that THC induces autophagy-mediated cell death in human brain cancer cells, including glioblastoma multiforme. Administration of THC to mice with human tumors decreased tumor growth and induced autophagy in tumor cells.
A team of scientists has identified two proteins that may act as receptors for autophagosomes, the cell structures responsible for removing misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. This discovery sheds light on how autophagy works and could lead to new drug development.
The Einstein consortium will investigate two types of autophagy in liver and brain function under normal and stressful conditions. They aim to understand how impaired autophagy contributes to aging-related declines in organ function, immunity, and cognitive function.
Research found that Helicobacter pylori can multiply in autophagic vesicles within macrophages, increasing resistance to antibiotics and evading the immune system. This discovery has significant implications for understanding the life cycle of H. pylori and potential new drug targets.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center discovered that a tumor-suppressing gene called ARHI acts as a switch for autophagy in ovarian cancer cells, allowing dormant cells to survive by avoiding starvation. Blocking this autophagic pathway could provide a novel strategy for eliminating dormant ovarian cancer...
A proteomics study has identified new proteins that facilitate communication between the immune system and the self-cleaning process, potentially leading to new treatments for tuberculosis. The research found that autophagy plays a crucial role in immune response, particularly against intracellular pathogens.
Researchers at USC have identified a specific tumor suppressor called UVRAG, which regulates membrane traffic routes for cellular cleaning and recycling. The study found that UVRAG facilitates autophagosome formation and maturation, and is connected to endocytic trafficking.
Researchers found that autophagy promotes premature activation of trypsinogen, a digestive enzyme that can damage pancreatic cells. In rodents with pancreatitis, high levels of autophagy were observed, and blocking the process reduced symptoms. The study reveals autophagy as a potential trigger for pancreatitis in mice.
The Nix protein plays a crucial role in the maturation of red blood cells by facilitating autophagy, a process that removes damaged organelles like mitochondria. This regulation is essential for maintaining cellular quality and preventing anemia.
UC San Diego researchers have identified a novel protein called Atg30 that controls peroxisome degradation, a process linked to cell growth, aging, and homeostasis. The discovery allows scientists to control this aspect of cellular autophagy, potentially leading to new insights into aging, immunity, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
Researchers found that autophagy protects tumor cells from radiation and chemotherapy, making them more resistant to treatment. Blocking the recycling process could make these aggressive cancer cells more sensitive to therapies.
A new study identifies autophagy as a crucial virulence-associated trait for Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen that infects immunocompromised individuals. Autophagy helps the pathogen survive during nutrient scarcity and is essential for its virulence.
A study by Einstein researchers suggests that impaired autophagy may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. The team found that dopamine-altered alpha-synuclein molecules interfere with lysosomal digestion, leading to toxic compound accumulation and cell death.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have found a connection between two cellular defense mechanisms, phagocytosis and autophagy, that help the body fight infections and resist chemotherapy drugs. The study suggests that these mechanisms work together to destroy germs and cancer cells, paving the way for new treatments.
Researchers found that boosting autophagy in fruit flies prevented the age-dependent accumulation of cellular damage in neurons and promoted longevity. Boosting autophagy facilitated the removal of damaged molecules that accumulate during cellular aging, which is critical for neurons to stay healthy and functioning.
Researchers at UMass Medical School discovered a complex pathway that allows cells to survive and die through autophagy, a process previously misunderstood. The study sheds light on the relationship between autophagy and cell death, with potential implications for cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's treatments.
Autophagy plays a crucial role in removing dying embryonic stem cells during normal development, preventing detrimental inflammation. The study found that mouse embryos lacking autophagy genes had impaired signals for engulfment by healthy cells, leading to abnormal development.
A University of Florida study found that reducing calorie intake boosts cells' ability to recycle damaged parts, leading to longer lifespans in rats. The process, called autophagy, helps remove toxic materials and recycle building blocks for new cell production.
Autophagy, a normal process in which cells recycle proteins, may paradoxically contribute to the progression of heart disease. Mice with amplified autophagy fared worse in cardiac stress tests than those with muted responses.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered a molecular link between two major pathways for breaking down proteins in cells. They found that increasing HDAC6 activity can rescue neurodegenerative diseases by facilitating delivery of misfolded proteins to the autophagy-lysosomal system for degradation.
Research by Dr. Eileen White and colleagues suggests that autophagy can protect genome integrity during starvation, but its loss can accelerate tumor progression. The normal function of autophagy sustains cells while limiting genome damage.
Researchers have found a way to induce autophagy, a process where cells recycle waste material, including misfolded proteins. By administering small molecules that enhance this process, they aim to stall the onset of Huntington's-like symptoms in humans.
Researchers found that tumor cells treated with agents inducing apoptosis were more likely to undergo autophagy when p53 expression was inhibited. Inhibiting autophagy increased the effectiveness of chemotherapy and delayed tumor recurrence in mouse models.
A new study reveals that autophagy, a cellular process, enhances vaccine effectiveness by presenting antigens on MHC class II molecules to helper T cells. This process is more widespread than previously thought, affecting 50-80% of certain immune cells.
Researchers discovered that HIV's surface glycoprotein interacts with CXCR4 on uninfected CD4+ T cells, triggering autophagy. This interaction leads to the death of uninfected bystander cells, contributing to the depletion of immune system cells in AIDS patients.
Researchers develop a modified virus that targets telomerase-positive cancer cells, inducing autophagy to kill them. The treatment reduces tumor size and extends survival in mice with malignant glioma. Autophagy is a protective process that cells use to consume part of themselves when nutrients are scarce.