Articles tagged with Chromosome Structure
Research by Osaka University identifies cohesin as key regulator of chromosome structure controlling nerve cell network formation and gene regulation. Mice with reduced cohesin expression exhibited neuronal defects, increased anxiety and behavioral problems.
Researchers at Osaka University have found that calcium ions control chromosome condensation during mitosis, preventing misalignment and promoting compaction. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind chromosome structure and organization.
A new study from the University of Edinburgh reveals that DNA accounts for only half of a chromosome's material, with the remaining 47% being a mysterious sheath that surrounds genetic material. This discovery could help prevent errors in cell division, which are linked to certain cancers and birth defects.
Researchers found four new chromosome rearrangements unique to the Caucasian population of Glyptotendipes salinus, which are distinct from previously studied populations in Altai and Kazakhstan. The larvae were also found to be twice as short than those in other regions.
Researchers proposed a multilaminar model explaining chromatin's three-dimensional structure, contradicting previous loop-based models. The model suggests stacked thin layers of chromatin form chromosomes, justifying their elongated cylindrical shape and mechanical properties.
Researchers discovered that DNA scaffolding plays a crucial role in controlling gene expression by forming topologically associated domains. These domains contain super enhancer regions that enhance or repress gene activity.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia have developed new methodologies to quantify protein molecules in living human cells. They measured approximately 400 CENP-A proteins present on centromeres, essential structures that drive chromosome segregation during cell division.
A new method combines high-throughput DNA sequencing and computer analysis to produce reliable maps describing contacts between genes along individual chromosomes. The results suggest that the arrangement of genes on chromosomes is modular and based on their functions, with active genes exposed at chromosome boundaries.
A new method has produced beautiful 3D models that more accurately show the complex shape and folding of chromosomes. These images reveal a truer picture of their structure, which is rarely like the X-shape, and have direct consequences for health, ageing and disease.
Researchers have discovered that gateways in the nucleus control chromosome structure and gene expression, impacting disease triggers.
Researchers at Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research used powerful sequencing technology to investigate the three-dimensional structure of DNA folds in the nucleus. They found that DNA folds into local domains called topological domains, which are essential for gene regulation.
Researchers used Hi-C technology to generate a 3D model of a mouse genome and mapped chromosomal breaks to explore the impact of spatial proximity on reassembly. The study found that breaks near each other were more likely to be incorrectly attached to neighboring chromosomes.
Scientists deciphered the 3D structure of Caulobacter crescentus's chromosome using high-throughput chromatin interaction detection and next-generation DNA sequencing. Analysis revealed novel characteristics of the parS site, which helps define the chromosome's shape, and showed that altering its position can lead to a large-scale reor...
Kris Hundertmark challenges the two-species concept of North American and Eurasian moose based on DNA analysis revealing three genetic groups with regional variation. The chromosome and morphology differences between the two species are minor and not functional.
The journal showcases two classic methods for chromosomal analysis, including a protocol for mapping protein distributions on polytene chromosomes and a karyotyping technique for mouse cells. These approaches allow researchers to study gene regulation and chromatin structure at high resolution.
Researchers have discovered that chromatin folds at a much higher level than previously thought, leading to surprisingly large enzyme complexes. This finding has significant implications for understanding gene expression and regulation.
Researchers Shiv Grewal and colleagues found that histone H3 variants are linked to gene expression and chromosomal structure. The study suggests a 'histone code' model for organizing the genome into active and silent regions.
Scientists have identified a common mode of action among gene-activation molecules linked to cancers, according to a study published in Molecular Cell. The researchers found structural similarities among the molecules, suggesting they may share a unified mechanism of action despite chemical dissimilarities.
Scientists analyzed chromosome 22 structure and found unstable areas with repetitive sequences where genes are prone to rearrangements. These low-copy repeats may cause the loss of important genes in chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome, a common genetic disorder affecting hundreds of patients.
Researchers at UCSC have obtained detailed images of the complete structure of the ribosome, a tiny molecular machine responsible for translating genetic code and synthesizing proteins. The new images show how different parts of the ribosome interact with each other and with molecules involved in protein synthesis.
Researchers use genomics to create 'road maps' of plant genomes, allowing them to quickly locate desirable traits and move them into other crops. This new approach promises to speed the development of crops that can withstand environmental stresses.