Articles tagged with Genetic Structure
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine deciphered the structure and unusual shape of bacterial protein IstB, which prepares segments of DNA for jumping genes. The clamshell shape bends DNA into a 180-degree U-turn, priming it for transposon insertion.
Researchers found that sewage discharge and urban runoff from coastal areas are affecting the genetic structure of sea stars, limiting their dispersal and decreasing genetic diversity. This study highlights the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems, suggesting a need for more effective management strategies.
Researchers found a common genetic variation associated with differences in brain structure, including reduced surface area in the cortex, in both healthy individuals and patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. This variation may be a promising candidate gene for further study.
A comprehensive study of lion populations in Africa and Asia found evidence of genetic diversity, even in well-studied ecosystems. The research highlights the need to prioritize conservation efforts for declining populations over larger-scale initiatives.
A genetic breakthrough explains dangerously high blood glucose levels in healthy individuals by identifying a DNA sequence that controls variability. This discovery holds out hope for 'personalized medicine' and may lead to customized treatment based on an individual's unique genetic structure.
A study by Deem and Jun Sun found that genetic information becomes increasingly modular when exposed to a changing environment and horizontal gene transfer. This modularity arises spontaneously due to selective pressure, resulting in complex biological structures.
Scientists have identified a common mode of action among gene-activation molecules linked to cancers, according to a study published in Molecular Cell. The researchers found structural similarities among the molecules, suggesting they may share a unified mechanism of action despite chemical dissimilarities.
Researchers found that PCNA and CAF-1 proteins work together to establish stably inherited silenced chromatin structures. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms of gene expression inheritance in cells.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have elucidated the 3-dimensional atomic structure of an enzyme that enables a transposable genetic element to 'jump' between DNA strands. The discovery provides new insights into the mechanism of transposition and its potential implications for HIV-1 treatment.
Researchers discovered a new gene, neurofilament light, associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which affects peripheral nerves and leads to progressive weakness. The defect is linked to demyelination, resulting in axonal loss and muscle denervation, also seen in other neurological disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute solved the structure of the reovirus core, a double-stranded RNA virus that bears similarity to pathogens such as rotavirus. The study reveals how the core synthesizes, modifies, and exports viral messenger RNA, ultimately leading to viral replication and takeover of host cells.
Researchers discussed various molecular pathways that lead to cancer, including cellular senescence and oncogenic signaling. The symposium addressed the role of genetic instability and signaling pathways in cancer progression.
Researchers at Purdue University have solved the structures of two large icosahedral viruses, providing insights into their assembly and potential applications in antiviral agents. The viruses' shells are made up of large building blocks joined primarily in clusters of three, forming stable and highly symmetrical structures.
A team of scientists has unraveled key features of the small ribosomal subunit, including the site where protein biosynthesis begins. The study, which used novel experimental strategies and cryo-crystallography, provides a far-reaching glimpse into the microscopic world of ribosomes.
The structure of coagulation factor Va's membrane-binding domain has been determined, revealing a barrel-like shape with three major loops. This breakthrough provides new insights into the molecular details of blood clotting and protein-membrane association, with potential implications for cell-cell interactions and genetic diseases.
Seattle researchers have described the structure of factor VIII, a key blood-clotting protein implicated in hemophilia A. The discovery provides a key to developing improved blood-thinning medications and clotting agents for hemophiliacs, as well as better treatments for those at risk of stroke and heart attack.
Researchers at Purdue University will study the three-dimensional structure of several types of viruses, including yellow fever and hepatitis C viruses, using a combination of X-ray crystallography and molecular biology techniques. The goal is to develop drugs that prevent infection by similar viral pathogens.
Researchers at UCSC have obtained detailed images of the complete structure of the ribosome, a tiny molecular machine responsible for translating genetic code and synthesizing proteins. The new images show how different parts of the ribosome interact with each other and with molecules involved in protein synthesis.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have made a groundbreaking discovery, capturing the first atomic-level resolution of a protein-RNA complex from the ribosome. The study reveals the intricate 3D structure of RNA and how it's held together by a protein lynchpin.
Scientists discovered a common viral harpoon protein structure among measles, mumps and respiratory syncytial viruses. This finding suggests that these viruses may be related to HIV, influenza and Ebola viruses, potentially leading to the development of new drugs.
Scientists have discovered the molecular structure of ZAG, a protein linked to severe weight loss in cancer patients. The discovery provides crucial insights into how ZAG promotes fat breakdown, paving the way for potential treatments for clinical obesity and related conditions.
Researchers at New York University have successfully constructed a machine from synthetic DNA molecules, featuring two rigid arms that can be rotated between fixed positions. This achievement marks a significant step towards developing nano-robots and molecular manufacturing capabilities.
The UW Medical School team determined the three-dimensional molecular structure of a key enzyme responsible for activating many cell functions. This breakthrough is crucial in developing drugs that can control unchecked cell growth leading to cancer.
The study reveals that the cell nucleus controls precise timing and location of genetic activation, leading to a better understanding of gene regulation. The researchers developed a dynamic mosaic model to visualize the distribution of replication and transcription sites in the nucleus.
A team of researchers has determined the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme responsible for gentamicin resistance, presenting a possible target for designing drugs to inhibit its action. The enzyme's structure resembles a cupped right hand wrapped around a cylinder, with a cavity that could hold gentamicin in place.
Researchers at New York University have developed a technique to assemble DNA molecules into two-dimensional crystals with precise topographic features. The method uses synthetic DNA double-crossover molecules and exploits the key chemical feature of DNA to achieve predictable self-assembly.
The crystal structure of gp120 in action provides valuable clues for vaccine design, revealing how the virus binds to T cells while maintaining changeability. Researchers can now use this information to create targeted compounds that interfere with the interaction between gp120 and CD4 receptors.
A Purdue University research team has solved the structure of a receptor used by the common cold virus, providing potential insights into developing new treatments. By understanding how the virus enters human cells, scientists may be able to block its interaction with receptors, potentially reducing the incidence of colds.
University of Rochester engineers have developed self-assembly technique to create large, three-dimensional objects. These structures are made up of millions of molecules and can fluoresce, making them well-defined and discrete, with applications in drug delivery and various other fields.
This book brings together international specialists to discuss the genetic structure of telomeres, telomerase function, and their importance in aging and cancer. The chapters cover topics such as telomere length regulation, chromosome end replication, and telomerase repressor genes.
Researchers from Vertex Pharmaceuticals have solved the three-dimensional atomic structure of the hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase enzyme, an enzyme critical to viral replication. The achievement provides valuable insights into the mechanism of helicase enzymes and offers opportunities for accelerating antiviral drug development.
A new company, Xanthon Inc., will develop and market a genetic detection diagnostic kit using advanced electrochemistry. The kit aims to improve the efficiency, speed, and accuracy of cancer and infectious disease diagnoses.
Researchers found that social behavior dictates genetic flow within a single species of social insects, challenging traditional theories. The study discovered four routes of gene flow between single-queen and multiple-queen colonies, highlighting the role of queens in shaping gene exchange.