Articles tagged with Genetic Structure
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team from UNIGE analyzed the formation of grooves in dog noses using 3D imaging and computer simulations. They found that differential growth of skin tissue layers leads to the formation of domes, supported by blood vessels.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding how cells generate microtubules, the scaffold structures that help maintain cell shape and facilitate division. The study found that CDK5RAP2 activates the γ-tubulin ring complex, enabling efficient microtubule nucleation.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital studied the structure of Fanzor2, a eukaryotic genome-editing protein, to understand its potential for gene editing. The findings reveal that Fanzor2 has a unique RNA-guided nuclease system, which could be harnessed to create more functional and smaller proteins.
Researchers identify a homozygous SPAG9 gene mutation associated with intellectual disability, progressive cognitive decline, and heterogeneous brain abnormalities. The study provides a unique model for understanding disruptions in cellular transport mechanisms leading to neurodevelopmental and degenerative brain conditions.
Researchers identified over 3,000 harmful genetic changes in the RAD51C gene that increase ovarian cancer risk six-fold and breast cancer risk four-fold. These findings can help doctors and diagnostic laboratory scientists better assess cancer risk and provide more personalized care.
A landmark study has identified novel ancestry-specific genetic variants linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk, offering new insights for treatment approaches. The research highlights the potential of ancestry-informed genetic studies to uncover previously unidentified risk factors for MS.
A genome study identifies four European red deer distribution areas with unique genetic characteristics, highlighting the need for conservation policies. The study reveals how thousands of years of migration and isolation shaped the genetic diversity of Iberian red deer.
A fossilized Neanderthal, nicknamed 'Thorin', lived in a small isolated community for over 50,000 years before the species' extinction. The discovery reveals two distinct Neanderthal populations coexisted without exchanging genes, challenging previous assumptions about their population structure.
A new study published in Microorganisms highlights the importance of small molecule drugs that target the unchanging parts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The research suggests that these stable targets could provide a consistent and reliable treatment option for COVID-19, even as vaccines are updated to address changing viral strains.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have elucidated the structural mechanism of URAT1, a protein linked to gout, using cryo-electron microscopy. The findings reveal how URAT1 transports urate and offer new insights for developing more effective treatments for gout.
A UCL-led research team has crystallized the first alternative DNA structure from the insulin gene, revealing its shape and structure. The discovery suggests that different variants in the insulin gene can form different DNA structures, which could affect insulin function and potentially play a role in diabetes development.
Over 12,000 years ago, humans in Europe increased their ability to digest carbohydrates by expanding the number of genes for enzymes that break down starch. This rapid increase in gene copies provided a survival advantage and tracks the spread of agriculture across Europe.
A study found that chromatin's spatial structure plays a key role in the evolution of social behavior in dogs. The researchers examined an intronic section of the GTF2I gene, which influences chromatin's spatial structure and causes differences in gene expression.
A new deep learning-based inverse design method allows for the optimization of complex acoustic metamaterials, reducing noise pollution while maintaining ventilation. The approach enables ultra-broadband sound attenuation across various peak frequencies.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a new dual-action antibiotic that targets two different cellular targets, making it nearly impossible for bacteria to evolve resistance. The antibiotic works by disrupting protein production and DNA structure, rendering random mutations ineffective.
Scientists have clarified how the DDM1 protein prevents 'jumping gene' transcription by making it accessible to suppressing chemical marks. This discovery has implications for understanding genetic conditions and developing new treatments for humans.
Researchers develop a method that fuses AlphaFold's strengths with computer simulations based on physics laws to predict protein structures, enabling faster drug development. The approach filters down initial hypotheses to a more manageable set of structures, increasing the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals.
Researchers at U of T have developed a deep-learning model called PepFlow that can predict the full range of conformations for peptides, which are shorter than proteins but perform similar biological functions. The model combines machine learning and physics to capture precise and accurate conformations within minutes.
Researchers at Colorado State University used human stem cells to study synaptic connections in the brain, focusing on GABAergic synapses. They found that Gephyrin promotes autonomous assembly of these synapses, which can develop independently of neuronal communication. This understanding could lead to new treatments for neurological d...
Scientists have discovered that ADGRF5 helps maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, which is critical for filtering waste from the blood. The study found that disrupting ADGRF5 expression led to abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane and increased albuminuria.
Research led by Weill Cornell Medicine found that most colorectal cancers begin with the loss of intestinal stem cells, even before cancer-causing genetic alterations appear. This new understanding suggests a unified model for colorectal cancer initiation where damage to intestinal crypts causes a decrease in aPKC protein expression.
A study led by Andrea Migliano from the University of Zurich has discovered previously unknown links between culture, language, and genes among different hunter-gatherer populations in Central Africa. The team found that musical instruments were exchanged long before agricultural populations arrived in the region, suggesting extensive ...
Scientists at the University of Nottingham have created a powerful method to analyze RNA structures in unprecedented detail. By combining cryogenic OrbiSIMS with advanced computational modelling and automation, they can now determine RNA structures in a matter of days, significantly advancing the field of RNA structural biology.
Researchers sequenced ancient genomes to understand the genetic composition of western plateau populations over 3,500 years. They found complex interactions between southern and western plateau populations, with Central Asian components introduced around 2,300 years ago.
A team of researchers led by Dr. Ahmed discovered that two FDA-approved antibiotics can induce heart regeneration in mammals, showing promise for treating heart failure. The study found that the antibiotics improved cardiac output and reduced fibrotic scar tissue, suggesting a potential new therapy.
Researchers have determined the molecular level function of free-forming structures in plant cells that help sense light and temperature, enabling plants to distinguish a range of different light intensities. The formation of these organelles is not random but is linked to specific locations within the cell, particularly near centromeres.
Researchers used medaka fish, CRISPR and new imaging techniques to study embryonic mitosis. They discovered unique spindles assemble in early embryos and found Ran-GTP plays a decisive role in spindle formation, which diminishes later in development. The study paves the way for further exploration of embryonic mitosis.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered a new ribozyme, R3C ligase, that catalyzes the formation of a 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage between two RNA molecules. This finding sheds light on the molecular evolution of RNA and its potential applications in nanobiotechnology.
A new machine learning method called scGHOST has been introduced to identify single-cell 3D genome subcompartments and connect them to gene expression patterns. This can reveal the spatial organization of chromosomes within the nucleus, shedding light on how DNA structure influences gene expression and disease processes.
Researchers at NTU Singapore successfully grew 'mini kidneys' in the lab, grafted them into live mice, and found a potential treatment for polycystic kidney disease by boosting autophagy. The study suggests that minoxidil could be used to reduce cysts in the novel mouse model.
A genomic study has revealed the unimaginable diversity of human and nonhuman primate centromeres, highlighting their speed of evolutionary change. Centromeres differ vastly in size, structure, and epigenetic makeup, with unique sequences and organization emerging from different evolutionary forces.
A new study found similarities in protein structures of Aβ and tau filaments between individuals with Alzheimer's disease and those with both conditions. This knowledge is crucial for understanding Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome and assessing clinical trial inclusion.
Researchers found that Black individuals carrying genetic variants in the Titin, TTN gene have a high risk of developing atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The study used data from the All of Us Research Program to examine the role of these genetic mutations in African ancestry individuals.
A study identifies a genetic mutation underlying KCNQ2 encephalopathy, a rare and devastating form of epilepsy. The research reveals key mechanisms by which the disorder manifests in patients, including suppression of normal gene function and altered protein distribution.
Scientists from the University of Cologne developed threofuranosyl nucleic acid (TNA) with a new base pair, offering improved stability and function compared to natural DNA and RNA. This breakthrough could enable targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and recognition of viral proteins or biomarkers.
A computational model of the more than 26 million atoms in a DNA-packed viral capsid has expanded our understanding of virus structure and DNA dynamics. The study found that the DNA formed switchback loops as it was pushed into the capsid, similar to how DNA is organized in eukaryotic cells.
Researchers at CNIO have discovered a new protein that prevents DNA triplication, reducing the risk of cancer. The RAD51 protein ensures that DNA is copied only once, preventing errors and damage.
The study of ancient genomes has shed light on the evolution of modern humans, revealing genetic changes that distinguish us from Neanderthals and Denisovans. These findings suggest that population-level advantages, such as increased connectivity and access to resources, played a significant role in shaping human migration patterns.
A recent study by Pusan National University scientists discovered the crucial role of PKM gene and EPHA2 pathway in HNSCC development. The research highlights the importance of HPV infection status in shaping the tumor microenvironment, enabling precision medicine for targeted treatment.
Researchers found a decline in microbial genetic richness in the western Arctic Ocean, with subtle but statistically significant changes in community structure and function. The study suggests that warming and freshening of the ocean risks strengthening the microbial loop, potentially impacting the marine food web.
A genetic study reveals two distinct clusters of deer populations in Nara, Japan, highlighting the need for reconciliation among stakeholders. The research emphasizes the importance of careful management to address conflicts between preserving sacred deer lineage and allowing admixture for conservation.
A Cornell University study found that female lab mice behave differently from their male counterparts when placed in large outdoor enclosures. Unlike males, females often avoid each other and do not form hierarchical structures, instead interacting randomly with other females.
Scientists used new techniques to analyze gene activities during mouse prenatal development, revealing hundreds of cell types and their formation. The study showed that massive transcriptional changes occur at birth, potentially necessary for survival outside the womb.
Researchers have uncovered novel perspectives on domestic and wild cat evolution through the use of cutting-edge genome sequencing and assembly technologies. The study highlights distinct genetic changes that will aid in future disease studies and provide crucial information for those studying feline diseases, behavior, and conservation.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery linking a genetic defect in the MGP gene to autosomal dominant spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, a rare skeletal disorder. The study highlights the importance of the MGP gene and its role in skeletal development, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
A team of researchers has found that homosporous lycophytes have maintained a consistent genetic structure for over 350 million years. This unusual phenomenon reveals important aspects of plant evolution and genetics, providing a unique window into the past.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science discovered that manipulating polyamines enhances the functional profiles of monoclonal antibodies. The study found that controlling polyamine levels increases IgG galactosylation, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy.
A team of South Korean scientists used machine learning to discover the secrets of cell variability, revealing a parallel structure that reduces heterogeneity among cells. This finding has far-reaching effects on cancer treatment and improvement in chemotherapy efficacy.
The study reveals significant differences in the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) of the two species, which has major implications for blight-resistance in American chestnut restoration. Researchers used fluorescent in situ hybridization to analyze the NOR region and found unique DNA arrangements.
Researchers have found that ultraviolet laser light can degrade coronavirus particles by damaging their genetic material and protein spikes. The study reveals the effectiveness of UVC laser radiation in inactivating SARS-CoV-2, with applications for public disinfection and decontamination.
Recent literature review highlights epicardial adipose tissue, chronic inflammation, and autonomic nervous system imbalance as key AF pathogenic factors. Clinical management trends include wearable devices for continuous monitoring and the 4S-AF scheme for comprehensive assessment.
Researchers discovered a trio of protein segments guiding chromosomal interactions in nematodes, shedding light on the complex process. The study, published in PNAS, provides new insights into meiosis and infertility, with implications for human reproductive health.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have determined the complex structure of Parkinson’s disease-related proteins LRRK2 and Rab29, revealing how they work synergistically to cause the disease. The structures provide an atomic-scale map to trace how different mutations affect function within this complex, with implicatio...
Recent research has identified the gut-skin axis as a critical factor in atopic dermatitis, with alterations to gut microbiome composition contributing to disease severity. The review article highlights promising therapeutic approaches, including diet, probiotics, and fecal transplants.
A new study found that one in six elite athletes have reduced heart function and an enrichment of genes associated with heart muscle disease. The research highlights the need for closer monitoring of these athletes' heart health, as their genetic makeup may be 'stressed' by exercise to cause profound heart changes.
A team of international researchers has reported the first high-resolution images and structural details of the human genetic element LINE-1, which is implicated in various diseases. The study provides a target for potential new treatments, particularly for cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegeneration, and even aging.
A multidisciplinary study has elucidated the structure of the machinery responsible for writing much of our 'dark genome', a 98% unknown biological function. This discovery may lead to novel treatments for autoimmune diseases, cancer and neurodegeneration.
Researchers at Salk Institute assembled the most complete atlas of the mouse brain by analyzing over 2 million brain cells. The detailed atlas reveals thousands of cell types, their connections, genes, and regulatory programs active in each cell, providing new insights into human disease vulnerabilities.
Researchers have found that RNA polymerase can recognize and transcribe artificial base pairs in the same manner as natural ones, paving the way for custom protein design. This breakthrough could revolutionize medicine by creating new medicines through designer proteins.
Researchers discovered a mechanism that creates DNA palindromes and new microRNA genes from noncoding sequences, explaining the origin of small regulatory genes. The study found that this process can create novel genes, potentially affecting human health.