Researchers developed a new computational tool, WEST-TDDFT, to study the behavior of atoms in quantum materials when absorbing and emitting light. The tool enables scientists to analyze larger systems, leading to potential breakthroughs in quantum technologies and material engineering.
Scientists at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a non-invasive, pain-free method to reprogram canine stem cells from urine samples, creating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) without feeder cells. This breakthrough aims to advance veterinary regenerative treatment and genetic disease research.
A team of scientists from Ruhr-University Bochum and the Fraunhofer Institute has developed a novel catalyst system for converting carbon dioxide into raw materials. The system, which uses homogeneous electrocatalysts, can efficiently convert CO2 under industrial conditions and maintains stability over 100 hours without decay.
Researchers at KIMM develop a real-time and multimodal tactile perception system capable of detecting various types of tactile stimuli in real-time. The system consists of four three-dimensionally stacked tactile sensors and has successfully distinguished between different surface textures and complex motion.
New research reveals that exposing men to women's emotional tears can lower aggression and reduce revenge-seeking behavior. The study found that sniffing tears leads to reduced brain activity related to aggression, resulting in less aggressive behavior.
Researchers propose integrating smart-city technologies to boost flood resilience in coastal cities. They argue that emerging technologies like IoT, 5G, and big data can enable real-time data collection, analysis, and decision-making, leading to more responsive and resilient urban environments.
A study predicts tecovirimat administration impacts time to viral clearance in mpox patients, combining pre-clinical and clinical data. Early tecovirimat treatment shortens the time to mpox clearance in a human infection model.
Research reveals that less than half of patients with malignant ureteral obstruction receive palliative care, highlighting the need for early referral to promote patient comfort and avoid invasive treatments. Hospice care significantly reduces high healthcare use at end-of-life.
Researchers have developed a solid electrolyte that allows for efficient hydride ion conduction at room temperature, enabling the creation of safer, more efficient hydrogen-based batteries and fuel cells. This breakthrough provides material design guidelines for the development of next-generation energy storage solutions.
Mayo Clinic researchers used genetic sequencing to study the measles virus's spread in a human brain. The study found that the virus acquired distinct mutations that drove its spread from the frontal cortex outward. This knowledge may help develop effective antiviral drugs to combat SSPE, a rare and lethal brain disease caused by measles.
A new study found that light physical activity can completely reverse the adverse process of childhood obesity linked to sedentary time. Children who engaged in at least 3 hours a day of light physical activity had a 9.5-15% decrease in overall fat mass gain during adolescence.
A recent study found that doxycycline prophylaxis did not prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among cisgender women, despite being prescribed to 18% of participants. The study also revealed high rates of antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea, which may be due to low adherence and limited treatment options.
A new study led by the Smithsonian identifies five new species of soft-furred hedgehogs from Southeast Asia, using DNA analysis and physical characteristics. The two new species, Hylomys vorax and H. macarong, are endemic to the endangered Leuser ecosystem in North Sumatra and Southern Vietnam.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the enzyme SMYD3's involvement in prostate cancer's progression to a more aggressive stage. The study found that adding methyl groups to the MAP kinase protein is likely SMYD3's role in driving metastasis, and compounds that can inactivate SMYD3 are already available
Researchers have discovered that insect larvae already used various anti-predator strategies, such as spines, hairs, and camouflage, in the Cretaceous period. These findings provide insights into the evolution of defense mechanisms in insects and shed light on the ongoing biodiversity crisis.
Kobe University researchers have developed a pancake stack of films on a balloon that takes the world's most accurate picture of a neutron star's gamma ray beam. The setup uses a novel, automated data capture and analysis process to track the trajectory of particles produced by gamma rays, achieving an accuracy of 1/10,000 millimeters.
A new report by UCLA neurologist Dr. Indu Subramanian recommends that doctors delivering Parkinson's diagnoses use correct terminology and provide guidance on treatment options, lifestyle choices, and coping strategies to give patients hope and agency.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a micro-vacuum assisted selective transfer printing (µVAST) technology to improve the transfer of microLED chips. The technology uses laser-induced etching to create micro-hole arrays on glass substrates, allowing for precise alignment and higher adhesion switchability.
A new study reveals that perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) significantly expedite the enzymatic degradation of DNA, even at low concentrations. The findings have critical implications for understanding the ecological risks posed by PFAAs and highlight the urgent need for more comprehensive environmental monitoring.
Researchers at NIMS and L'Oréal K.K. create a new hairstyling agent that resists humidity, using hydrogen bonding between PVA and cellulose microcrystals to maintain hair shape in high humidity conditions.
Jujube witches' broom disease is a fruit tree disease caused by phytoplasma, leading to altered plant development and severe yield loss. The review highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between phytoplasma effectors and plant target proteins to develop effective prevention and cure strategies.
Researchers investigated cognitive fatigue across multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and controls using two tasks, finding that fatigue was consistent across participants regardless of task. Cognitive fatigue correlated with longer response times and activation in the caudate nucleus and thalamus.
A new study from the University of Gothenburg reveals that night owls are more likely to develop artery calcification than early risers. The research, which examined data from over 771 middle-aged participants, suggests that circadian rhythms play a crucial role in cardiovascular disease.
Researchers used ALMA to study the motion of gas in ancient spiral galaxy BRI 1335-0417, detecting seismic waves that reveal the galaxy's dynamic growth. The findings suggest that gas was streaming into the galaxy or colliding with smaller galaxies, fueling star formation at a rate hundreds of times faster than modern galaxies.
A new Simon Fraser University-led study tracks 100 years of salmon growth and finds that juvenile salmon are growing larger due to climate change. The study suggests maintaining freshwater habitats can help salmon adapt to warming temperatures, with relatively deep lakes becoming more important.
The study uses genetic analysis of an Antarctic octopus to suggest the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) collapsed during the Last Interglacial period. This collapse could have devastating global ramifications, including a 3-5 meter rise in sea levels.
Researchers analyzed animal remains and isotopes to understand livestock practices in high mountain regions during the Early Neolithic. The study found that flocks were small and used for meat and milk production, with pigs gaining economic importance during this period.
A new supplement in JCEHP examines conceptual shifts in continuing professional development, proposing a person-focused, practice-informed approach that considers context, subjectification, and socio-material dimensions. This approach aims to generate meaningful advancements and transform the health professional-as-a-person.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have determined the complex structure of Parkinson’s disease-related proteins LRRK2 and Rab29, revealing how they work synergistically to cause the disease. The structures provide an atomic-scale map to trace how different mutations affect function within this complex, with implicatio...
Chicken sperm can retain fertility and viability for up to three weeks after refrigeration, making it unsuitable for traditional cryopreservation methods. The study found that removing calcium ions impacts energy metabolism dynamics, inducing a physiological dormancy-like state in the sperm cells.
Scientists unravel DnaA's role in DNA replication initiation, shedding light on bacterial cell growth and reproduction. The discovery reveals a previously unknown binding pocket within DnaA, enabling the capture of single DNA strands.
The study found that digital payments and Bitcoin use declined after its introduction as legal tender, with the wealthy and financially literate being the primary users. The findings suggest that policies incentivizing cryptocurrency adoption may not be effective unless populations trust digital currencies.
Researchers analyzed over 26,000 farmer's market transactions to find that sales were better on Sundays, early in the morning, and during certain holiday months. The study provides insights into how farmers can increase their sales using point-of-sale data analysis.
A team of researchers analyzed over one million galaxies to explore the origin of cosmic structures. They found statistically significant alignments between distant galaxy shapes and correlations between independent formation processes.
A study of 70 autistic youths in psychiatric hospitals found wearable biosensing and machine learning can identify impending aggressive behaviors. The findings suggest a potential for developing adaptive intervention systems to prevent aggression.
Australian researchers at Monash University have discovered a new way that epithelial cells form tissues of the right size and shape by adhering to each other through basal spot junctions. This finding is crucial for understanding human diseases, including cancers, where Hippo signalling plays a key role.
A new wireless tracking system, developed by UC San Diego engineers, enables accurate localization of objects in dynamic environments. The system overcomes camera-based limitations and provides centimeter-level accuracy, opening up new possibilities for enhanced XR experiences.
A recent study published in Cerebral Cortex found that participants exposed to 18-Hz beta binaural beats had significantly higher accuracy and faster response times during comprehension tasks. This suggests that binaural beat stimulation at this frequency may be a potential tool for improving language skills.
Researchers at Tsinghua University Press have developed a novel method to construct chiral POM-based frameworks using inorganic polyoxometalates and organic cyclodextrin molecules. The resulting framework exhibits enhanced stability and catalytic activity, making it a promising material for energy-related applications.
A University of Michigan project aims to create a smoother experience for robotic prosthetic leg users, with renewed support from the National Institutes of Health. The team has developed a continuous modeling framework that mimics biomechanical impedance, enabling the leg to move seamlessly between different activities.
A new tool, CellHint, has been developed to unify different single-cell data, creating harmonized datasets. Researchers applied CellHint to reveal underexplored connections between healthy and diseased lung cell states and identified potential interests for future research in adult human hippocampus.
Researchers created polar bear fur-inspired fibers with high thermal and mechanical properties, demonstrating excellent insulation performance in a sweater. The fibers are washable, dyeable, and durable, making them suitable for use in advanced textiles.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have discovered that only about 80 amino acids in the β2-adrenergic receptor contribute to its pharmacological properties, with specific residues controlling efficacy and potency. Understanding these molecular origins can help design more potent and efficacious drugs.
The first issue of Energy Materials and Devices features articles on lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis. The journal aims to bridge the gap between high-level research and industrial technologies, promoting the industrialization of scientific research results.
Researchers from Osaka University have discovered a link between the rare D-form of the amino acid alanine and the circadian clock's influence on glucose metabolism in the kidney. The study found that D-alanine regulates gluconeogenesis, a process that creates new glucose to maintain energy levels, and is mediated by the protein Cry2.
Energy beam-based direct and assisted polishing technologies for diamonds improve surface quality and material removal rates, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Researchers analyzed four latest polishing techniques, including laser polishing, ion beam polishing, plasma-assisted polishing, and laser-assisted polishing.
Researchers at UCLA Health have received a $3 million grant to identify novel biomarkers and develop AI for detecting aggressive prostate cancer. The project aims to improve treatment accuracy and reduce unnecessary interventions.
Recent urology treatment studies have improved the reporting of harms in randomized trials, addressing adverse events, side effects, and complications. The analysis found a significant increase in reporting harms criteria from 2012 to 2020, with more than three-fourths of items addressed by 2020.
A study synthesizing over 50 years of research found that even mild sleep deprivation causes measurable negative changes in how people react to everyday events. Sleep loss results in fewer positive emotions, increased anxiety symptoms, and blunted arousal in response to emotional stimuli.
Researchers found a code directing mRNAs to specific neighborhoods for translation, revealing the cytoplasm's compartmentalization. This discovery sheds light on fundamental cellular biology and holds promise for increasing or altering protein production in mRNA vaccines and therapies.
Researchers found strong associations between neighborhood prevalence of chronic conditions like CKD, diabetes, and hypertension and structural racism indicators. The study used data from Durham County, North Carolina, to explore the interplay between racism and poor health outcomes.
Researchers from Osaka University and University of Hawaii found that environmental microorganisms boost fruit fly reproduction by modifying hormone levels and increasing the production of germline stem cells. This discovery could lead to new avenues for improving reproductive health and fertility treatments.
A Kessler Foundation study found that spatial neglect affects a substantial percentage of people with traumatic brain injury, with an incidence rate of 38% post-TBI. The study also revealed that right brain damage is more likely to result in spatial neglect, highlighting the need for timely treatment and screening guidelines.
A systematic review of 120 studies with 14,000 participants revealed underrepresentation of Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous groups in neonatal clinical trials. Geographic representation was also unevenly distributed, with some US regions underrepresented.
University of Bonn researchers analyzed satellite data to find that national policies have a significant impact on forest coverage. Strict policies and their effective implementation are critical to achieving positive changes in tree populations along country borders.
Cysteine is sensed by a protein called Pib2 and binds with it to activate TORC1, promoting cell proliferation. The study found that all 20 amino acids differently affect TORC1 using two pathways: Pib2 and Gtr.
A new study finds that framing racial disparities related to health sparks greater support for policy reform and social change. Racial inequalities in health are perceived as more unjust, leading to increased motivation for action.
A comprehensive review of 50+ years of research on sleep deprivation and mood found that disrupted sleep leads to fewer positive emotions and increased anxiety symptoms. The study's findings suggest that even short periods of sleep loss can negatively impact emotional functioning.
Scientists have deciphered the assemblage of apical extracellular matrices in roundworms at the nanoscale using advanced microscopy. Defects in struts result in unnatural layer swelling, and the researchers found that collagens play a crucial role in maintaining matrix structure.
A new study found that trauma survivors who received comprehensive mental health support after discharge had significantly lower hospital readmission rates. Researchers analyzed data from 171 patients and found that those receiving standard care had nearly twice as many readmissions as those with the intervention.
Researchers have gained a deeper understanding of the nuanced roles of JAK inhibitors in inflammation across various cell types and tissues. The study reveals that activating JAK1 signaling has tissue-specific effects, including an unexpected immunoregulatory role in lung sensory neurons, which suppresses lung inflammation.
Researchers found that kisspeptin neurons with dynorphin receptors are crucial for hormone secretion and ovulation. The study provides new insights into the central mechanism underlying reproduction and may lead to treatment of ovarian disorders.
A Learning Health System model is being developed to increase organ donation and reduce disparities in access to transplantation. The project, led by Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, will use data tools to track progress and improve equity in organ donation across the US.
A groundbreaking study reveals indoor metabolites as key indicators in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Homes with diseased children had higher levels of mycotoxins and synthetic chemicals, while healthy homes were enriched with beneficial microbes and metabolites.
Researchers create new method, called Zman-seq, to track and measure changes on single cells inside the body, revealing history of cells and advancing cancer therapy development. The breakthrough technique uses labeling cells with different time stamps and tracking them in healthy or pathological tissue.
Exercise prescriptions offer personalized recommendations for treating diseases and enhancing physical fitness, catering to a wide range of individuals. The future of exercise prescriptions lies in their detailed application as comprehensive health management plans.
Researchers from Curtin University analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from Ryugu and Murchison meteorites, revealing that certain PAHs likely formed in the cold areas of space between stars. This discovery offers valuable insights into the history and chemistry of celestial bodies like asteroids and meteorites.
A new study led by Dr. Tyler Frankel has identified cancer-causing contaminants in sediments and fish in a Chesapeake Bay tributary, highlighting the importance of considering exposure pathways in conservation strategies.
A chemically defined, xeno-free culture system for culturing and deriving monkey PSCs has been successfully developed. The system allows for the global gene expression analysis and genome-wide hypomethylation patterns distinct from human cells, enabling the tracking of cell migration and proliferation.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University fabricated GaN transistors using diamond substrates, achieving more than twice the heat dissipation of SiC-based transistors. This novel technology has the potential to revolutionize power and radio frequency electronics with improved thermal management capabilities.
Researchers at Ohio State University explore how technology and economics can be used to protect endangered species. By leveraging tools like camera traps and smartphone apps, scientists can monitor populations more efficiently. Additionally, economists can develop policies that protect species before they become threatened, reducing t...
According to a new study, African countries saw an 80% increase in people moving to rivers and cities during or after droughts, leading to increased flood risk. This resettlement pattern is expected to intensify due to climate change, exacerbating drought's impact on vulnerable populations.
Researchers have identified a novel class of antibodies capable of neutralizing both certain H3 and H1 strains of the flu virus, with potential applications in developing more broadly protective flu vaccines. The findings could also contribute to reducing reliance on chicken egg-based manufacturing methods.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed an integrated approach to discovering stable and low-cost electrocatalysts, using data mining to accelerate the transition to renewable energy. The study identified 68 promising metal oxide electrocatalysts under specific conditions, including Sb2WO6 for oxygen reduction.