Articles tagged with Genetic Structure
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research from Radboud University Medical Center and colleagues demonstrates the value of targeted tumor analysis of DNA in colorectal polyps. This study provides valuable insights into genetic predispositions, including APC mutational mosaicism and BRAF gene mutations.
The study created a critical framework for understanding the architecture of the genome and its association with gene function in cells. The 4DN Consortium integrated data from over a dozen techniques to compile an extensive catalogue of looping interactions between genes and regulatory elements.
Researchers have discovered a new class of BRCA1 mutations that can be targeted by HSP90 inhibitors, potentially improving treatment outcomes for patients with breast cancer. The study found that these mutations are more resistant to PARP inhibitor treatment but can be overcome with low-dose HSP90 inhibition.
A study by The Hospital for Sick Children reveals a previously overlooked layer of genetic variation in short tandem repeats (STRs) that can influence gene regulation and shape disease risk. This discovery may inform future research and precision therapeutic development in support of Precision Child Health.
A study led by SickKids scientists discovered a previously overlooked layer of genetic variation that could help explain individual differences in disease risk and treatment response. The researchers found that subtle changes in short tandem repeats can impact gene function, revealing new insights into neurodevelopmental conditions.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have developed a new tool, iConRNA, that provides an unrivaled look inside cells and can help solve the mystery of how devastating diseases develop. The tool resolves the balance of physical driving forces of phase separation and predicts how this balance is tuned under different cellular situations.
Scientists have developed a DNA nanospring to measure the force of protein motors like KIF1A, which can lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The technique uses fluorescent imaging to detect the stretching of the DNA nanospring, allowing researchers to accurately measure the motor's power.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research have identified the precise location where human chromosomes break and recombine to form Robertsonian chromosomes. The study reveals that repetitive DNA sequences play a central role in genome organization and evolution, explaining how these rearrangements form and remain stable.
A new AI tool developed by University of Missouri researchers can predict the 3D shape of chromosomes inside individual cells, providing a new view of how genes work. The tool helps identify unique differences in chromosome folding between cells, which controls gene activity and can lead to diseases like cancer.
Researchers discovered that CsrA gathers in droplet-like structures inside cells to control bacterial gene activation. These compartments help bacteria adapt to environments and switch between harmless and virulent states.
Researchers believe that post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) is caused by the body's response to remnants of the Borrelia burgdorferi cell wall, which persists in the liver. The unique structural properties of this peptidoglycan molecule promote its persistence and may lead to a stronger immune response in some individuals.
Researchers developed a novel protein, LSUBP, to enhance uranium extraction from seawater. The engineered protein achieves high adsorption capacity, offering a promising new material for effective uranium extraction.
Researchers at MIT have discovered that a genetic variant can lead to defects in transfer RNA molecules, causing embryonic face cells to fail to fuse properly. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying cleft lip and cleft palate formation.
Research reveals DHX36 plays a crucial role in normal chromatin architecture and rRNA homeostasis during oocyte growth. DHX36 deficiency impairs meiotic maturation, post-fertilization embryonic development, and disrupts ribosome assembly.
The Extant Life Volumetric Imaging System (ELVIS) will test a new holographic microscope on the International Space Station to analyze the adaptability and resilience of microorganisms. The system aims to reveal how life might persist on distant moons and planets, significantly enhancing our search for life outside Earth.
Researchers from ICTER have determined the 3D structure of RBP3, a key molecule in the visual cycle, shedding light on its role in retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. The study reveals conformational changes upon binding to ligands, providing new insights into its functional mechanisms.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have discovered a molecule that helps more mitochondria function properly, improving energy production in cells from patients with POLG mutations. This breakthrough paves the way for a new treatment strategy and may have broader therapeutic use for other mitochondrial diseases.
Researchers found that full-genome differences between rotavirus strains influence vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for a broader approach to vaccine design. The study's results suggest that vaccines should be designed based on the whole genome of circulating strains, rather than just two surface proteins.
The study reveals conserved neural patterning mechanisms in mammalian hypothalamus development, tracing how brain cells emerge from neural progenitors during growth. The researchers identified four adaptive evolutionary divergences in human neurons, including a unique subtype and enhanced neuromodulation.
Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize the dynamic motion of a human chromatin remodeler in action, capturing 13 distinct structures that reveal the full picture of nucleosome sliding. This comprehensive view sheds light on how chromatin remodeling affects gene access and expression.
Scientists have discovered that osteocytes undergo structural and functional changes with age, impairing their ability to maintain bone strength. This discovery could lead to new treatments for osteoporosis and age-related bone loss by targeting senescent cells.
The study analyzed microbial communities on the China Space Station, revealing common characteristics of environmental microorganisms during long-term human residence. The findings provide a baseline for microbial safety measures and advance research consensus on microbial adaptation capabilities in space.
Researchers have identified a type of immune cell that produces extracellular matrix, strengthening the skin's defensive function and maintaining its integrity. This discovery may lead to new strategies for treating skin diseases, inflammation, diabetes, and age-related conditions.
The study found that tunneling nanotube-like structures connect cells in the heart, enabling long-distance intercellular communication essential for heart formation. Disruption of these structures resulted in impaired ventricular wall morphogenesis and defective myocardial growth.
Researchers have uncovered two major genes responsible for sorghum's double-grain spikelet, leading to a significant increase in grain number and crop yield. The study found that the DG1 gene regulates floret meristem formation and differentiation, restoring fertility to the lower floret and resulting in the double-grain trait.
Researchers used CRISPR to cut a single gene from cancer cells of head and neck tumors, resulting in the elimination of 50% of the tumors after 84 days. This groundbreaking study demonstrates that some genes are essential for cancer cell survival, making them excellent targets for CRISPR therapy.
A team of scientists used cryo-electron microscopy to investigate G-quadruplexes, which have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets in cancer. The study reveals how secondary DNA structures like G4s can impede DNA replication and provides new insights into fundamental human biology.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have discovered a precise mechanism by which an ion channel regulates its function, providing insights into fundamental biology and potential new treatments for diseases. The study identified a 'ball-and-chain' structure that plugs the channel, opening the way to modulate ion channel activity.
Two landmark studies show that the 3D genome structure coordinates thousands of genes to form a sperm cell. The work identifies two proteins that establish cellular memory and set up a new structure that cements the cell's future fate as a sperm cell.
Researchers developed a deep-learning framework, STAIG, to automatically map distinct genetic activity to tissue regions without manual alignment. The study demonstrates superior performance across various conditions, showcasing its potential for cancer research and understanding complex biological systems.
A new study found that Neanderthals experienced a drastic loss of genetic variation approximately 110,000 years ago, leading to their eventual extinction. The research measured the morphological diversity in semicircular canals, which revealed lower diversity in classic Neanderthals compared to pre-Neanderthals and early Neanderthals.
A new integrated 3D imaging approach has revealed exquisite detail of the virus assembly process used by herpes simplex virus during replication. The research identified previously unknown functions of HSV-1 structural proteins and provided insights into the unmutated gene's usual role in viral assembly.
Researchers discovered a novel mechanism of intercellular communication through mRNA transfer between stem cells, allowing for biologically significant effects such as cell fate conversion and pluripotent state maintenance.
Researchers at The Jackson Laboratory have created an atlas of how healthy breast tissue ages, revealing key cellular and molecular changes that may contribute to breast cancer development. The study found that epithelial cells lose their job descriptions, becoming more prone to malignancy, while stromal cells lose their specialized id...
Researchers from Nagoya Institute of Technology have shed light on the mechanisms of bacterial flagellar motors, which propel bacteria through fluids. The study used CryoEM to capture high-resolution images of stator complexes and identified key molecular cavities for sodium ions.
Two comprehensive datasets from the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program explore childhood cancers and congenital disorders. The new datasets aim to identify genetic causes and links between these diseases in children, ultimately supporting the development of improved treatments.
Researchers at U of T have developed a new platform called smol-seq that uses DNA sequencing to detect metabolites. This method enables the analysis of hundreds of metabolites simultaneously, making it faster and more precise than current methods.
Researchers use generative AI to predict chromatin structures in single cells, overcoming limitations of existing experimental methods. The technique can generate thousands of structure predictions in minutes, enabling faster study of how 3D genome organization affects gene expression.
A deficiency of TLE6 protein, associated with female infertility, was also linked to abnormal sperm morphology and reduced motility in male mice. The study suggests that TLE6 plays a crucial role in energy production in sperm cells.
Two non-retinoid compounds were identified that improve cell surface expression of rhodopsin in 36 genetic subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa and protect against retinal degeneration in mice with the disease. The treatment showed improved overall retina health and function, prolonging photoreceptor survival.
The KAIST research team developed a highly stretchable microelectrode array to monitor organoids' functions, enabling real-time analysis of their states. The technology showed promise in high-throughput drug screening applications, revealing changes in signal characteristics according to size and identifying potential drug interactions.
Researchers developed AI-driven therapeutic platform mimicking viral structures to deliver therapeutic genes to target cells. The innovative approach achieved precise symmetrical structures and effectively delivered payloads, paving the way for breakthroughs in gene therapies and next-generation vaccines.
Dr. Gail Cornwall is investigating the structure of the brain extracellular matrix, a network of proteins and polysaccharides found in the space between neurons and glia. Her research aims to identify novel structural elements and mechanisms that enable brain plasticity and sex-specific responses.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science have discovered a previously unreported enzyme that catalyzes the creation of cyclopentachromone-containing compounds. This breakthrough could potentially lead to the development of new pharmaceuticals for treating cancer and inflammation.
A pioneering AI model has been developed to understand the genetic 'language' of plants, allowing for precise predictions about RNA functions and identification of functional patterns. This breakthrough has significant implications for crop improvement and the next generation of AI-based gene design.
Scientists discover that pregnant and nursing women's intestines undergo significant changes, doubling their surface area and reorganizing villi structure. This adaptation is crucial for the health of babies and may have long-term metabolic consequences.
Researchers identify caveolae's role in protecting adipocytes from rupture and inflammation; this discovery opens new avenues for treating metabolic diseases like obesity. The study highlights the importance of the caveolin-1 protein in maintaining cellular integrity.
Researchers have shed new light on gene expression by visualizing ribosomes in unprecedented detail. The study reveals a molecular mechanism for mRNA delivery to the ribosome, advancing our understanding of gene expression at the molecular level.
A study has identified a gene called MdTCP11 that controls the growth of compact apple trees, also known as spur-type varieties. These trees exhibit increased fruit yield and require less pruning, making them ideal for modern orchards.
Researchers found that genetic collisions between transcription and DNA replication lead to large tandem duplications in cancer cells, which can be identified through dosage imbalance. These duplicates are associated with poor patient survival and high correlation with mutations in genes TP53, CDK12, and SPOP.
A team of researchers analyzed historical marking data from the Discovery Marking Program to investigate Antarctic blue whale population structure. They found frequent mixing among ocean basins, indicating a single circumpolar population. This study provides valuable insights into the conservation of this endangered species.
New research links ancient Jomon hunter-gatherer genetic signature to higher body mass index (BMI) among individuals in modern Japan. The study found strong support for the tripartite ancestry model, suggesting a significant influence of Jomon ancestry on BMI across populations.
A new mathematical model of prostate cancer has been developed, revealing key findings on genetic changes and tumour growth. The study shows that strong genetic changes are necessary for aggressive tumours to develop early in the course of tumour development.
Researchers have generated a topological map of the human genome, shedding light on how chromosomes spatially interact and communicate with each other. The study identified 61 specific regions that consistently interact across different cell types, helping organize the overall structure of the genome.
Iowa State researchers discovered a surprising chromatin arrangement in two species of turtles, which may shed light on the evolution of vertebrate genomes. The study's findings could have potential biomedical applications, such as treating strokes or cryogenic preservation of human tissues.
A team of biologists at UT Arlington has discovered a new species of gecko, Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus, with distinct skeletal features and genetic data. The discovery highlights the unique characteristics of this tiny lizard, found in the Paria Peninsula of Venezuela.
A new mechanism has been found by which tumor cells escape the immune system, involving a protein called IRGQ. Studies have shown that suppressing IRGQ can trigger a stronger immune response against cancer cells, leading to improved survival rates in liver cancer patients.
Researchers found that plants have multiple enzymes for adding methyl groups to DNA, allowing them to override genetic instructions. The study reveals the evolutionary history of these enzymes and their unique structures, providing insights into plant resilience to environmental changes.
Researchers discovered Werner syndrome gene WRN plays a crucial role in maintaining constitutive heterochromatin structure, essential for DNA stability. Loss of WRN function disrupts protein interactions, potentially accelerating aging due to cellular disorganization.
A team of researchers at the University of Toronto has developed a rapid screening system to identify compounds that can stop the growth of amyloid proteins. The study found 40 compounds that demonstrate the ability to inhibit amyloid formation, providing a promising lead for future disease treatments.