Articles tagged with Hippocampus
Researchers at University College London have discovered that when we try to remember a single aspect of an event, our brain reconstructs the entire episode, including details we weren't consciously aware of. This process is made possible by the hippocampus, which associates different aspects of the event and enables pattern completion.
Researchers found a correlation between hippocampal activity and movement through abstract social space, suggesting a common mechanism for coding physical space, time, and social relationships. The study's findings may yield new insights into psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression.
A global study has found that people with recurrent depression have a significantly smaller hippocampus than healthy individuals. The study, involving nearly 9,000 participants, highlights the need for effective treatment at first occurrence, particularly among teenagers and young adults.
Researchers monitored brain activity in rats and found that during rest, the hippocampus simulates walking to and from food that was previously inaccessible. This suggests that the hippocampus plans routes for the future as well as recording past experiences with motivational cues like food. The study could help explain why people with...
Researchers used virtual reality to investigate how humans navigate in the dark, confirming a similar navigation system to that found in rats. Participants performed tasks with varying enclosure sizes, showing consistent results with predictions from previous studies and rat experiments.
Scientists have discovered two distinct types of stem cells in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory. The discovery may lead to new treatments for learning- and mood-related disorders.
Researchers have identified a neural pathway in the brain that predicts an animal's next move, using differential firing patterns of specific neurons. The study confirms that this pathway, involving the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, enables animals to plan their trajectory.
Researchers found that integration of new neurons in the adult brain is compromised in depressed patients, particularly in the olfactory bulb. This discovery provides an important step towards understanding the mechanisms of depression.
A study published in Neuron found that people tend to prefer snacks they can recall better, even if they are less attractive. The researchers used fMRI scans and mathematical modeling to understand how memory influences decision-making, revealing an increase in communication between the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
The study suggests the hippocampus is primarily associated with memory formation and not spatial skills. Patients with hippocampal lesions can perform spatial tasks as long as these tasks don't depend on long-term memory, supported by frontal lobe functions.
Heavy teen cannabis use linked to changes in hippocampus, poor memory for life events. Young adults who abused cannabis as teens performed 18% worse on long-term memory tests than those who never used the drug.
A UT Dallas researcher challenged a long-held scientific theory about the role of the hippocampus in unconscious memory. The study used EEG to test brain wave patterns in amnesia patients with damaged hippocampuses, revealing that the hippocampus is involved in processing unconscious memories.
Neurons generate brain waves at distinct frequencies to communicate between brain regions, reinforcing correct guesses and weakening incorrect ones. Researchers found that beta (9-16 Hz) and theta (2-6 Hz) frequencies are used in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during learning tasks.
Researchers have determined that seahorses are more permanent residents of the western mid-Atlantic Ocean than previously thought. The study used genomic data to infer three genetically divergent subpopulations, strongly supporting Virginia Province inhabitants as a historically persistent ancestral gene pool.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that rats can create a unique map for every environment, allowing them to remember distinct locations without mixing up similar events. This discovery sheds light on the brain's storage capacity and memory organization.
A new study from UT Dallas reveals that pre-stimulus brain activity predicts later memory performance, contradicting previous findings on the role of the hippocampus in memory. Greater frontal and parietal cortex activity was linked to false recall, while increased hippocampal activity predicted forgetting.
Researchers identified specific circuits in the brain where memories are generated, using a precision MRI technique that tracked information flow within the brain. The study aims to gain new insights into how Alzheimer's disease affects the brain and memory processing.
A study published in PLOS Computational Biology proposes a theoretical framework for understanding memory formation and modification. The researchers suggest that large prediction errors lead to memory formation, while small errors result in memory modification. Damage to the hippocampus can impair the brain's ability to carve memories.
Scientists at UC Davis used optogenetics to erase specific memories in mice, showing coordinated activity between the cerebral cortex and hippocampus during memory retrieval. The study confirms a long-standing idea about memory processing, providing new insights into how the brain functions.
Adolescent rats fed sugar-sweetened beverages experienced memory problems and brain inflammation, becoming pre-diabetic. The study highlights the impact of dietary influences during critical periods of development on brain health.
Researchers have created a novel technology to simulate the hippocampus, a key region in memory formation. By analyzing the 3D model, they found that the hippocampus' shape and size can explain why neurons fire at specific frequencies.
Researchers at Northwestern University used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to improve memory in healthy adults, showing that specific brain regions can be stimulated to enhance learning abilities. The study's findings have potential applications for treating conditions like Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury.
A new study from Stanford Medicine explains how children's brains reorganize themselves as they learn math facts. The research found that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in building a schema for mathematical knowledge and provides a scaffold for learning and consolidating facts into long-term memory.
Researchers discovered that CKAMP44 and TARP Gamma-8 proteins play a crucial role in controlling the flow of information into the hippocampus, a brain region essential for learning and memory. The proteins influence glutamate receptor activity, promoting or weakening synaptic connections, and enabling rapid sequence of signals.
Research by Yan Yu et al. found that substance P receptor neurokinin 1 is highly expressed in both hippocampus and striatal marginal division, affecting learning and memory function. The study suggests a similar role of the marginal division in learning and memory as the hippocampus.
Researchers found that early life stress can alter brain structures involved in learning, memory, and emotion processing. Children who experienced physical abuse or neglect had smaller amygdalas and hippocampal volumes, linked to behavioral problems and cumulative life stress.
Recent memories are stored in a distributed manner throughout the hippocampus, with small fractions of cells responding to individual words. The study provides new insights into how the brain represents memory and may lead to better treatments for neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and epilepsy.
A new study from City of Hope has found that stimulating the TLX gene can prompt growth of new neurons in the hippocampus, leading to faster learning and better memories. This discovery could provide a new strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases and age-related memory loss.
A new study reveals that the brain uses two distinct regions to navigate: one calculates the straight-line distance and another tracks the path along the way. The findings have significant implications for our understanding of brain function and navigation.
A neuroimaging study reveals reduced hippocampus brain volume in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder compared to healthy volunteers. Hippocampal volumes are associated with psychosis severity and cognitive performance.
A study found that theta-band activity in the hippocampus is crucial for learning, with training in its absence facilitating learning. Uniform neural states also act as a context for learning.
A study published in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience found that moderate physical activity can preserve the volume of the hippocampus in older adults at increased genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. This suggests a potential delay in cognitive decline and onset of dementia symptoms.
Researchers mapped the hippocampus in children aged 8-14 to understand its development and expansion with age. They found that three subregions grew with age, particularly the CA3/dentate gyrus, which was linked to better memory performance.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that brain activity in place cells helps construct cognitive maps, a pattern of activity reflecting an animal's internal representation of its environment. This activation can mark the birth of a memory, as seen in rats who pause to inspect their surroundings and create new place fields.
Aerobic exercise has been found to increase hippocampal volume and improve verbal memory capacity in older women with mild cognitive impairment. The study suggests that regular aerobic exercise can help slow the advance of dementia.
Researchers suggest aspartic acid could serve as a biomarker for postoperative cognitive dysfunction, based on correlation analysis between changes in hippocampal metabolites and cognitive impairment in aged rats. The study aims to identify potential biomarkers for predicting postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
A recent study from the University of California, Davis, found that the hippocampus stores memories based on their temporal context, which includes what happened before and after an event. This means that the brain uses context to represent specific objects, rather than just their content.
A study by researchers at SUNY Downstate Health Science University found that being overweight is associated with lower levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in the hippocampus, a part of the brain involved in memory and emotions. The effect was independent of age, sex, and psychiatric diagnoses.
A study by Northwestern University found that memory edits the past with present experiences, reframing events to create a story fitting the current world. The hippocampus plays a key role in this process, acting as a film editor and special effects team.
A multicenter research team led by Cedars-Sinai neurologist Nancy Sicotte used a new automated technique to identify shrinkage of the right hippocampus in women with multiple sclerosis and depressive symptoms. The study found reduced size of the right hippocampus, while the left remained unchanged.
A 3D model of Henry Molaison's (H.M.) brain has been created, providing new insight into the neurological basis of his severe amnesia. The study reveals a small lesion in the left orbitofrontal cortex that was likely created during H.M.'s 1953 surgery, which may help scientists understand the consequences of similar operations today.
Scientists have identified an epigenetic lesion in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients, which regulates tau protein and may contribute to disease progression. This discovery provides a potential new target for future therapies, offering hope for improved treatment options.
Research reveals that synaptophysin expression decreases with age in the hippocampus, strongly associated with age-related memory impairment. Caveolin-1 protein also declines with age, suggesting a link between these proteins and age-dependent loss of synaptic plasticity.
Research by Véronique Bohbot reveals a direct link between stimulus-response learning and increased substance abuse, particularly smoking, alcohol and cannabis use. A developed striatum is associated with this behavior.
Researchers found that task orientation affects source memory effects in the right prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, while modulating item memory effects in the prefrontal cortex. The study highlights the possibility of the hippocampus contributing to intentional encoding of item-source associations.
A recent study found that the hippocampus helps individuals resist temptation by simulating future outcomes. Individuals with hippocampus damage, such as those with Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia, struggle to imagine long-term rewards, leading to impulsive decisions.
Researchers found a molecular mechanism linking mechanical ventilation to hippocampal damage and mental impairment in ICU patients. The study suggests that elevated dopamine levels may contribute to the development of neurobehavioral disorders in patients exposed to mechanical ventilation.
A study found that avoiding specific regions of the brain during whole-brain radiotherapy prevents memory loss in patients. Limiting radiation to the hippocampus, a sensitive area for memory function, preserved memory function for up to six months after treatment.
Scientists discover Nu-complexes, a new type of brain activity detected in human and cat comas beyond the flat EEG line. This finding opens up avenues for understanding learning and memory processes during coma and may lead to more effective treatments.
Researchers found that activating CREM accelerates therapeutic efficacy of current antidepressants, increasing nerve growth in the hippocampus and reducing treatment time to just one or two days. This discovery could lead to faster-acting drug targets for depression.
A study by Dr. Chen's research group reveals that sericin can alleviate diabetic hippocampal damage by improving disorders in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, decreasing blood glucose levels and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rats.
Researchers used carbon-14 dating to determine if adult humans generate new neurons, finding that up to 1,400 new cells are added daily. This neurogenesis may contribute to human brain function and potentially inform depression treatments.
Researchers found that mice with functional serotonin produce more of this hormone during exercise, increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus. Serotonin is essential for exercise-induced neurogenesis, while baseline neurogenesis occurs without it.
A recent study from Columbia University Medical Center suggests that high levels of glutamate in the brain may trigger psychosis in individuals at risk for schizophrenia. This finding could lead to the development of a diagnostic tool to identify those at risk and new treatment strategies to prevent or slow disease progression.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered that the rat's hippocampus uses remembered spatial information to imagine routes, guiding behavior. This finding has implications for understanding memory and imagination in people with Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline.
Researchers found that individuals with a smaller hippocampus are more vulnerable to stress and pain, leading to increased risk of chronic pain. Stress management techniques, such as relaxation and meditation, may help alleviate symptoms and prevent chronicity.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a technique to observe hundreds of neurons firing in the brain of a live mouse in real-time. The tool uses fluorescent protein and calcium ions to decipher patterns in brain activity, offering insights into long-term information storage and spatial memory.
Researchers found that tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) reverses α-synuclein overexpression and accumulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests TSG may have therapeutic potential for preventing and treating AD.
A study published in Brain and Language found that the anatomy of certain brain areas in infants can predict their language abilities at 1 year old. Infants with greater gray and white matter in the cerebellum and hippocampus showed improved language skills.
A new study in rats identifies a region called the postrhinal cortex that links objects to places in the brain, integrating spatial and nonspatial information upstream of the hippocampus. This finding has implications for treating traumatic brain injuries and neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and depression.