Articles tagged with Hippocampus
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A new study suggests that habitual players of action video games have less grey matter in their hippocampus, a major part of the brain associated with spatial memory and remembering past experiences. The study found that gaming can lead to changes in the brain that increase the risk of developing brain illnesses and diseases.
Researchers found a small-molecule drug improves synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and object location memory in Rett syndrome mice. The treatment also restored general locomotor activity to normal levels, offering hope for patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Research found that reduced mastication in mice led to suppressed maxillofacial bone and muscle growth, as well as reduced neural activity in the hippocampus, a key component of memory. This study suggests maintaining or strengthening masticatory function may help prevent dementia and memory/learning dysfunction.
Researchers at the Institute for Basic Science used optogenetics to manipulate thalamic spindles in mice, affecting their ability to recall memories. The study found that artificial spindles administered at specific timing enhanced memory consolidation, while reduced spindles impaired recall.
Researchers discovered 'event cells' in the hippocampus that represent sequences of events, facilitating episodic memory. The study found that the brain's theta cycle phase precession plays a crucial role in organizing these event sequences.
A new study published in The FASEB Journal reveals that the plasma membrane protein Efr3a plays a crucial role in regulating learning and memory by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. This process is essential for learning and memory, and the study provides new insights into its mechanisms.
A new study reveals a previously unknown mode of communication between the hippocampus and red nucleus during REM sleep in infants. This synchronization is essential for motor control development and may contribute to motor problems in disorders like autism and schizophrenia.
Researchers discovered that the microstructure of the hippocampus, particularly its viscoelasticity, is correlated with fitness and memory performance. The study used magnetic resonance elastography to measure the structural integrity of the hippocampus in healthy young adults.
Researchers found that the prefrontal cortex teaches the hippocampus to differentiate goal-related memories, enabling rapid integration of memories with goals. This cognitive flexibility is disrupted in neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and depression.
Researchers have discovered that activating the endocannabinoid system of the brain can reduce or completely suppress epileptic activity in test animals. This finding has significant implications for developing new treatments for temporal lobe epilepsy, a common form of the condition.
Researchers found that using a satnav switches off brain regions involved in navigating new streets, suggesting the technology reduces mental effort. The study also mapped London's street network to understand how the brain reacts to different layouts.
By using an antibody-based technique, scientists inactivated GluA1 receptors at synapses, temporarily abolishing fear memory in mice. The researchers found that inactivation of GluA1 up to 2 hours after a fear-learning task resulted in the loss of fear memory.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have identified a molecular signal that maintains adult neuron structure in the hippocampus, a region crucial for learning and memory. The study found that reintroducing this protein restored nerve cell structures to some extent, suggesting potential avenues for studying neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers identified a new molecule that alleviates anxiety and depressive behavior in rodents by inhibiting JNK protein. This discovery provides fresh insight into the brain's regulation of mood and indicates potential for new anti-depressant drug development.
A study published in Science found that the entorhinal cortex replays memories of movement independently of the hippocampus, challenging the long-held view of the hippocampus as the primary memory region. The medial entorhinal cortex acts like a navigational system, providing cues for location and movement to the hippocampus.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have discovered that the hippocampus is crucial for constructing scenes in one's mind when imagining the future. This finding sheds light on how the brain supports the capacity to imagine the future and identifies key brain regions involved.
Researchers found that individuals lacking the CYP2C19 enzyme have a lower risk of depression and larger hippocampi in adulthood. Increased expression of the enzyme is associated with higher suicidal incidences in depressed patients, suggesting that early life influences may contribute to depression's development.
A new study published in Neurology suggests that a lack of hippocampus shrinkage may indicate an increased risk of developing dementia with Lewy bodies. The study found that individuals with normal hippocampus volume were 5.8 times more likely to develop probable dementia with Lewy bodies than those with atrophy.
Researchers found that chronic low-dose-rate ionizing radiation can induce molecular changes in the brain resembling Alzheimer's disease. Studies exposed mice to cumulative doses of radiation, inducing changes in the hippocampus, a key region for learning and memory.
Scientists discovered that female brain structures change monthly in response to hormonal fluctuations, particularly the hippocampus which plays a crucial role in memories and emotions. The study aims to better understand premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) by examining the brain's monthly rhythm.
A University of Maryland study found that stopping exercise for just 10 days significantly decreases blood flow to key brain regions, including the hippocampus. This decrease in cerebral blood flow can have long-term implications for brain health and cognitive function in older adults.
Researchers found that rats' memories of reaching a reward play forward and backward in their hippocampus. The number of reverse replays rose with the size of the reward, while forward replays remained constant, suggesting different roles for each form of fast-motion simulation.
Researchers found that rats replay sequences in reverse when rewarded, suggesting the brain links rewards to paths. This mechanism may aid humans in recalling important details about their surroundings.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham found that faulty inhibitory neurotransmission and excessive activity in the hippocampus impair memory and attention. The study highlights the importance of well-balanced neural activity within brain regions, suggesting that both too much and too little activity can cause impairments.
Research reveals that a brief period of stress can cause the hippocampus to start shrinking, which precedes the onset of memory loss. The study found that stressed rats performed poorly in memory tests compared to unstressed rats, with individual differences in brain shrinkage predicting worse performance.
Researchers found that a Western diet impairs the ability to inhibit memories of palatable foods, making it harder to resist treats even when full. This link between dietary habits and brain function could explain why some people develop persistent desires for snacks leading to obesity.
Researchers found that a genetic risk score was associated with worse memory and smaller hippocampus volume in healthy younger participants. A higher polygenic risk score was linked to greater longitudinal memory and executive function decline and clinical progression of the disease.
Researchers have developed a new mouse model to study the role of the entorhinal cortex in spatial memory. The model showed that silencing the entorhinal cortex led to scrambled memory codes and impaired navigation. This study provides insights into how dysfunction of this circuit may contribute to memory loss in Alzheimer's disease.
A study found that patients with a larger hippocampus are more likely to respond to exposure-based therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The researchers examined the relationship between hippocampus volume and response to treatment in 50 participants with PTSD.
A study in male mice exposed to early life stress shows that the hippocampus matures faster, but with reduced neural growth, supporting an evolution-based hypothesis. This accelerated maturation may be an adaptation to prepare for short-term survival priorities.
Researchers found that micro-needle insertion into the hippocampus of mice with Alzheimer's disease reduced beta-amyloid plaques and improved memory tasks. The procedure also triggered neurogenesis in the brain, suggesting a potential new approach to treating neuro-cognitive disorders.
A traveling spike generator has been found to initiate brain waves in the hippocampus, a part of the brain associated with memory. The generator appears to move across the region while generating brain waves, but produces no electrical signal. This discovery may provide new insights into epilepsy treatment and memory consolidation.
Researchers found a pathway in the brain linked to forgetting, which erases memories. The study suggests a balance between learning and forgetting is necessary for memory formation.
Researchers discovered a key brain circuit responsible for using past experiences to guide decision-making in rats. The circuit involves coordinated activity between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during awake mental replay of past experiences.
A University of Tsukuba study found that astaxanthin promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus and elevates learning and memory capacity. The research discovered specific molecular pathways contributing to improved memory capacity, paving the way for targeted mechanisms in medical food development.
Researchers found that brain regions synchronize electrical activity in a specific rhythm, known as theta oscillation, to facilitate spatial choice and memory processes.
The brain regulates the size of neuronal ensembles that reflect the memory trace to optimize performance, researchers from Université de Genève demonstrate. The study shows that inhibiting or resurfacing a memory can be achieved by targeting neurons in the hippocampus.
Researchers discovered a cellular circuit in the mouse brain that enables it to remember safe environments and differentiate them from dangerous ones. The study found that disrupting this circuitry may contribute to conditions like posttraumatic stress and anxiety disorders.
Researchers found that men use cardinal directions more efficiently and the hippocampus less than women, while women rely on local memory. Administering testosterone improved women's navigation skills, but not their performance.
Researchers at The Neuro compiled a detailed map of the hippocampus, improving tools for diagnosing and treating epilepsy. The new atlas provides non-invasive ways to assess therapy impact and improve patient quality of life.
A three-year project is launching to investigate neural network mechanisms of sequence generation in the hippocampus. The researchers aim to shed light upon the neuronal foundations of memory, a brain structure crucial for remembering personal experiences.
Researchers found that high-frequency activity in the hippocampus predicts behavioral performance and supports both recollection and familiarity components of recognition memory. The study used direct electrical recordings to test this link.
Researchers discovered two alternating activity states in the hippocampus that enable effective working memory, a crucial process for retaining new information. This finding suggests that complex tasks rely on intricate neural mechanisms, contrary to common perceptions of simplicity.
The hippocampus is involved in quick and successful conflict resolution, enabling the brain to make rapid decisions. This finding suggests that the memory system may learn from resolved conflicts, leading to improved performance.
A study published in Neurocase found that Olga Kotelko's brain showed some promising signs, with intact white-matter tracts and a hippocampus larger than expected. However, her brain also had advanced aging markers, highlighting the need for further research into the effects of exercise on cognition in older adults.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that the hippocampus represents time and space for at least a month of memories spanning up to 30 kilometers. The researchers used an Android-based smartphone to collect real-life photos, which were later analyzed using fMRI scanning.
Researchers found that the same brain cells are engaged during memory formation and retrieval, challenging long-standing debate. The study used molecular imaging to identify specific cells in the hippocampus responsible for accurate memory performance.
Researchers at University College London have discovered that when we try to remember a single aspect of an event, our brain reconstructs the entire episode, including details we weren't consciously aware of. This process is made possible by the hippocampus, which associates different aspects of the event and enables pattern completion.
Researchers found a correlation between hippocampal activity and movement through abstract social space, suggesting a common mechanism for coding physical space, time, and social relationships. The study's findings may yield new insights into psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression.
A global study has found that people with recurrent depression have a significantly smaller hippocampus than healthy individuals. The study, involving nearly 9,000 participants, highlights the need for effective treatment at first occurrence, particularly among teenagers and young adults.
Researchers monitored brain activity in rats and found that during rest, the hippocampus simulates walking to and from food that was previously inaccessible. This suggests that the hippocampus plans routes for the future as well as recording past experiences with motivational cues like food. The study could help explain why people with...
Researchers used virtual reality to investigate how humans navigate in the dark, confirming a similar navigation system to that found in rats. Participants performed tasks with varying enclosure sizes, showing consistent results with predictions from previous studies and rat experiments.
Scientists have discovered two distinct types of stem cells in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory. The discovery may lead to new treatments for learning- and mood-related disorders.
Researchers have identified a neural pathway in the brain that predicts an animal's next move, using differential firing patterns of specific neurons. The study confirms that this pathway, involving the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, enables animals to plan their trajectory.
A study published in Neuron found that people tend to prefer snacks they can recall better, even if they are less attractive. The researchers used fMRI scans and mathematical modeling to understand how memory influences decision-making, revealing an increase in communication between the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
Researchers found that integration of new neurons in the adult brain is compromised in depressed patients, particularly in the olfactory bulb. This discovery provides an important step towards understanding the mechanisms of depression.
The study suggests the hippocampus is primarily associated with memory formation and not spatial skills. Patients with hippocampal lesions can perform spatial tasks as long as these tasks don't depend on long-term memory, supported by frontal lobe functions.
Heavy teen cannabis use linked to changes in hippocampus, poor memory for life events. Young adults who abused cannabis as teens performed 18% worse on long-term memory tests than those who never used the drug.
A UT Dallas researcher challenged a long-held scientific theory about the role of the hippocampus in unconscious memory. The study used EEG to test brain wave patterns in amnesia patients with damaged hippocampuses, revealing that the hippocampus is involved in processing unconscious memories.
Neurons generate brain waves at distinct frequencies to communicate between brain regions, reinforcing correct guesses and weakening incorrect ones. Researchers found that beta (9-16 Hz) and theta (2-6 Hz) frequencies are used in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during learning tasks.