Researchers develop algorithm to quantify brain map continuity, finding pathological processing reflected by discontinuity rather than signal reduction. This discovery may serve as biomarker for neurological pathologies and enable early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have found that temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in American alligators is linked to the thermosensor protein TRPV4. The study shows that warm temperatures activate cell signaling, influencing gene expression and leading to partial feminization at male-producing temperatures.
Research reveals peridotite serpentinization produces more hydrogen gas and methane than olivine alteration. Pyroxene and spinel promote the formation of these nutrients, which are crucial for life's emergence. The study suggests that kinetics and reaction progress influence hydrocarbon production.
A new study by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute reveals that tropical slipper limpets alter their sex change in response to physical contact with conspecifics. The larger snail changes to female sooner, while the smaller one delays its sex change.
Researchers at UAlberta have developed a new microscope technology that allows them to observe particles in a living yeast cell and track the route of RNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This breakthrough finding has significant implications for medical advances and understanding of cellular biology.
A nationwide study in Taiwan found that people with hepatitis C virus were nearly 30% more likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those without. The study involved over 49,000 participants and followed them for an average of 12 years.
Scientists have discovered an unconventional phase transition between photonic crystals and metamaterials, allowing for the creation of new electromagnetic materials with tailored properties. The study provides a foundation for designing and fabricating such materials.
A survey of glaucoma patients in Washington, D.C. found that perceptions of marijuana legality and false beliefs about its value were associated with intentions to use it as a treatment. The study suggests a need for education on the topic to protect patients against increased acceptability based on misconceptions.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have discovered a mechanism that can halt solar eruptions before they reach the Earth. This finding could improve the timing of future space missions and provide crucial insights for protecting satellites and power grids from geomagnetic storms.
A team of researchers at MIT has successfully built a working optoelectronic microprocessor, demonstrating the feasibility of optical communication in computing. The chip computes electronically but uses light to move information, potentially reducing power consumption and increasing performance.
Researchers discovered a molecular 'arms race' between Ebola virus and African straw-colored fruit bats that may have started over 25 million years ago. The study sheds light on the biological factors determining which bat species harbor the virus, with potential applications for preventing future outbreaks.
A new mathematical model helps researchers predict the spread of dengue fever in urban areas by analyzing neighborhood conditions and human travel patterns. The SIR-Network model reveals that central neighborhoods are crucial hubs for transmission, emphasizing the need for countermeasures before epidemics peak.
Patients with COPD who received music therapy in conjunction with standard rehabilitation showed improved symptoms, psychological well-being, and quality of life. Music therapy incorporated breath control techniques, patient-preferred music, and visualizations to increase engagement and cope with chronic disease challenges.
A new study by UGA ecologist J. Vaun McArthur reveals high levels of antibiotic resistance in streams near the Savannah River Site due to environmental contaminants like metals. The contaminated streams have no known input from antibiotics and show that industrial legacy waste can contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Two studies investigated the relationship between skin disorders and endocrine diseases. The first study found a higher prevalence of insulin resistance among men with acne, while the second study identified hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans as key skin features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Researchers assembled various models into a single equation to identify the variables controlling stripe formation. The integrated model predicts three main perturbations that can affect how stripes orient, including changes in production and parameter gradients.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital re-evaluate guidelines for testing and treating toenail fungus, finding that confirmatory testing may no longer be necessary for certain therapies. The study suggests that blanket recommendations should be replaced with tailored recommendations based on specific treatments.
A 140-meter long sediment core from the Caribbean Sea has uncovered evidence of a massive 2.4 million-year-old volcanic eruption, which was likely larger than any recorded event in the region. The discovery provides valuable insights into past volcanic activity and its potential impact on future eruptions.
In a phase 1 trial, VRC01 antibody suppressed HIV levels by more than tenfold in six patients not on antiretroviral therapy, with some experiencing undetectable levels for up to 3 weeks. However, immune responses limited efficacy in others, highlighting the need for new strategies to prevent viral reservoirs.
A research team has generated comprehensive 3D maps of the mouse genome's spatial organization, showing how genes are regulated and interact. The findings could help track down genes involved in hereditary diseases, such as cancer and congenital disorders.
UCLA researchers have developed a super-strong yet light structural metal by infusing magnesium with dense silicon carbide nanoparticles, achieving record levels of specific strength and stiffness-to-weight ratio. The new metal has potential applications in airplanes, cars, mobile electronics, and biomedical devices.
Researchers estimated that upwards of 320,000 green, loggerhead, and Kemp's ridley sea turtles were likely present within the spill site, with over 95% originating from outside the US. The study provides new geopolitical context to the scope of the oil spill's impacts.
A study published in The Lancet Global Health found that doctors trained on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) had 38% lower odds of patients being infected with gonorrhea or chlamydia. This training also led to improved knowledge among physicians and reduced rates of new STI transmissions.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute have developed a novel theoretical method to simulate material properties, including the effects of photons. This approach treats particles and photons as a quantum fluid, allowing for accurate descriptions of electron-photon interactions.
Researchers analyzed woody debris and used radiocarbon dating to map the history of activity at the Oso site. The study shows that slopes in the area around Oso have collapsed on average once every 500 years, with a higher rate of about once every 140 years over the past 2,000 years.
Selexipag, an orally available selective prostacyclin IP receptor agonist, demonstrates effectiveness in treating pulmonary hypertension, reducing hospitalizations by 40%. The medication targets a well-known disease pathway, improving heart function and opening blood vessels to the lungs.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University created a complete model to describe serotonin's role in brain development and structure. The study supports the importance of serotonin for normal functioning of neurons, synapses, and networks in the cortex.
A study by Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine found that a tailored video education program improved cancer patients' knowledge and reduced negative attitudes towards clinical trials. The PRE-ACT program was more effective than text-based information in encouraging participants to consider clinical trials.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that electronic toys with lights, words, and songs decrease the quantity and quality of language compared to traditional toys and books. This is significant because limited parent-child playtime can be a challenge for many families, making optimizing this time crucial.
A single infusion of VRC01 can suppress HIV levels by over 10-fold in some individuals, even without antiretroviral therapy. The treatment remains safe and well-tolerated, but its effectiveness varies depending on the individual's viral load.
Researchers developed an antibody targeting a hormone in adipose tissue called aP2 to improve glucose regulation and reduce liver fat in obese mice. The study found that one of the antibodies effectively improved glucose regulation in two independent models of obesity, with beneficial reductions in liver fat.
Researchers discovered a novel pathway to cancer that involves the misfolding of the genome and IDH mutations. This disruption allows a potent growth factor gene to be activated by an always-on gene switch, leading to cancer growth.
A machine learning algorithm identified 18 potential combinations of existing and previously unknown compounds that can work together as antifungal agents, confirming their potential for drug development. The study also found some compound combinations were harmless when applied to human cell lines.
Two deep ice cores from Dome Fuji and EPICA Dome C were synchronized using volcanic events, revealing age differences of up to 4.5 kyr between the cores during Marine Isotope Stage 5 (80-130 kya). The study improves our understanding of climate stages and their temporal propagation in Antarctica.
Researchers discovered a novel mechanism of resistance and re-sensitization to first-generation ALK inhibitors in a patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. The study highlights the importance of repeat biopsies and molecular profiling to uncover novel resistance mechanisms.
Researchers at the University of Exeter estimate that bio scientific research generates 1.8% of global plastic production, equivalent to 67 cruise ships a year. They propose funding agencies incentivize greener practices with budget for lab recycling facilities and grant application requirements.
Researchers have identified two genetic variants, ABCA7 and MA4A6A, associated with brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. The study found that protein levels in the blood produced by these genes could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and potential treatment.
Researchers at UTA have developed a new, personalized respiratory-motion system that captures images of the lung when it is depressed, providing clearer and more precise images of tumors. This technology promises to lead to improved and more precise radiation therapy for lung cancer patients.
A new University of Birmingham study has found that lower levels of antibodies in saliva are associated with an elevated risk of mortality. The research discovered a negative correlation between IgA secretion rate and all-cause mortality rates, with underlying associations to cancer mortality, particularly non-lung cancers.
New research explores wearable device effectiveness in promoting healthy behavior, using a novel trial design that evaluates real-time settings. The study aims to provide insights into when wearable devices can help improve health and when they may exacerbate conditions.
Researchers at UTA have developed a new platform that uses ultrafast near-infrared lasers to deliver gene therapy to damaged areas of the retina, enabling vision restoration in patients with macular degeneration. The laser-based method has been shown to be more effective than traditional chemical gene delivery systems.
A new open-label trial of prescription cannabidiol (CBD) shows significant reduction in seizure frequency and well-tolerated for most children and young adults. The study also found a sufficient safety profile with minimal adverse events, but more research is needed to definitively recommend CBD as a treatment.
Scientists found that brief exposure to 'asynchrony' using a pacemaker can reverse cellular damage, fix damaged motor proteins in the heart muscle, and boost the heart's response to hormones like adrenaline. The therapy uses alternating electrical shocks to push the heart into normal synchronization for part of each day.
A recent report finds that genetic information and data collection from noninvasive devices can help develop personalized weight management plans. With the falling cost of genome sequencing and portable monitors, scientists have the ability to collect the necessary data but need better analytical tools to analyze it.
An international survey of mental health disorders and their association with chronic physical conditions found a significant link between the two. The study identified 16 mental health disorders and 10 chronic physical conditions, suggesting that mental disorders can increase the risk of developing these conditions.
A recent study found no link between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk or severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in elderly men. The study suggests that taking additional vitamin D supplements is unlikely to prevent or improve OSA.
A recent study published in Body Image found that mothers who discussed their own weight concerns with their daughters were more likely to encourage healthy habits. The study suggests that avoiding conversations about weight altogether may be the best approach for promoting long-term well-being.
The increased international trade and travel have led to the spread of infectious diseases, including zoonoses like SARS and MERS. The economic cost of these outbreaks can be significant, with the 2001 UK hoof and mouth disease outbreak costing over $10 billion.
A study by University of Bergen researchers found that cruise tourists spend less during port visits, regardless of shopping opportunities. In contrast, land tourists spend significantly more on Sundays and holydays. The study also revealed that repeat visitors tend to return as either land or cruise tourists, not the other way around.
A study in California has identified nearly 60 cases of acute flaccid myelitis, a rare syndrome similar to polio, between 2012 and 2015. The condition affects mostly children and young adults, with symptoms including respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, fever, and muscle pain.
Researchers at Oregon State University have made promising findings about the use of bioactive glass in composite tooth fillings, showing a significant reduction in bacterial penetration. The study suggests that bioactive glass could help slow down secondary tooth decay and provide minerals to replace those lost due to tooth decay.
Researchers assessed the impact of evidence-based principles on medicine procurement in a healthcare facility, achieving significant decreases in expenditures. The ABC/VEN-analysis method helped prioritize medicines and inform training workshops for medical professionals.
Nine leading American scientists, including those supported by NSF, receive National Medal of Science for outstanding contributions to science. The awards also recognize innovators who have made lasting impacts on America's competitiveness and quality of life.
PPPL's role in the W7-X stellarator experiment marks a significant achievement in fusion research. The US collaboration has successfully created and maintained a hot plasma for up to 30 minutes, a crucial milestone in developing sustainable fusion energy.
The Biophysical Society has announced the winners of its annual CPOW Travel Awards to increase women biophysicists' participation at the 2016 Annual Meeting. The recipients include Jana Broecker, Nabanita Das, and others presenting posters or oral presentations on various membrane proteins and calcium signaling.
A plant virus shell triggers a potent immune response in mice, wiping out tumors and preventing metastatic disease. The treatment, using cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles, shows promise as an effective and low-toxicity alternative to traditional therapies.
A global research team has identified 52 genetic variants associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease affecting 150 million people worldwide. The discovery may lead to personalized medicine approaches and new treatments for this debilitating condition.
Inorganic mercury exposure is linked to damaged cell processes, causing more damage at lower concentrations than organic mercury. The study found that inorganic mercury efficiently removes iron from proteins, disrupting key cellular functions.
A new study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that metformin decreases the production of toxins elevated in preeclampsia and helps heal injured blood vessels. The drug is considered safe during pregnancy, offering a potential new treatment option for women with preeclampsia.
Researchers have visualized the self-assembly of protein facets in bacterial microcompartments, revealing a honeycomb pattern and selective arrangement. The study provides new clues for designing novel compartments or nanoscale architectures, potentially aiding in toxin removal or product production.