Articles tagged with Developmental Disorders
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A team of experts approved ten new technologies for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which will allow scientists to study the first generation of stars and galaxies. The new tech includes microshutter arrays and wavefront sensing and control, reducing the risk of increased costs and schedule delays.
Toddlers with ASD show unusual attention patterns when viewing faces, spending more time on eyes than other features. They have difficulty recognizing familiar faces, but exhibit improved performance when adopting typical facial scanning patterns.
Researchers found that a specific class of PCB causes significant developmental abnormalities in rat pups whose mothers were exposed to the toxicant during pregnancy and early nursing. The study suggests that non-coplanar PCBs may be particularly hazardous due to their stability and prevalence in environmental samples.
Researchers found that babies who don't respond to their names by 12 months are more likely to have developmental problems. The study identified a link between failure to respond to name and autism spectrum disorder or other developmental delays.
Adults with autism exhibit differences in coordinated neural activity, suggesting inefficient communication between brain regions. Researchers found abnormal connectivity patterns in the left hemisphere and decreased connections between frontal lobes and rest of autistic brain.
The NIMH has launched three major clinical studies on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to better define subtypes and explore possible new treatments. Researchers will compare children with regressive, non-regressive, and other developmental disorders to investigate environmental factors that may trigger symptoms of autism.
Researchers conducted a retrospective study of 31 Dutch SCADD patients and their relatives to describe genetic, biochemical, and clinical characteristics. The study found a birth prevalence of at least 1:50,000, with developmental delay, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia being common symptoms.
A study published in Neurology found that children with autism have altered brain anatomy, including differences in gray matter and brain size compared to children with typical development. The researchers used MRI scans to measure the transverse relaxation of cortical gray and white matter in the brains of autistic children.
A study of premature babies found that their brain development follows an abnormal pattern, with the surface area growing faster than the volume. The rate of growth is critical in predicting whether a child will experience delayed development. The more premature and male the baby, the slower the growth rate and higher the risk of delay.
A University of Southern California study found that strength training exercise can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in overweight teens. Overweight Latino teenage boys who lifted weights twice per week for 16 weeks significantly reduced their insulin resistance, a condition common in obese children and precursor to diabetes.
Research suggests a significant increase in childhood autism prevalence in the UK, affecting approximately 1% of the child population. The study found that children with autism constitute 39 per 10,000 and 77 per 10,000 in South London, indicating a much higher prevalence than previously estimated.
A Hopkins study found that pediatricians rarely screen patients for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with 62% citing a lack of knowledge about screening tools. Screening for ASD is crucial to prevent poorer outcomes in children with developmental disorders, but current national efforts may not be effective.
A study found that developmentally delayed young children exhibit high levels of stability in their peer interactions, enabling early identification of those at risk for problems. Interventions focusing on promoting peer relationships during the early childhood period are suggested to address these challenges.
A Yale University study found that methylphenidate is an effective medication for children with autism and increased hyperactivity. However, the response rate was lower than expected compared to ADHD without co-occurring PDD.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial found that methylphenidate significantly improved symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness in children with pervasive developmental disorders. The study included 58 participants who showed a response rate of around 76 percent to the medication.
Scientists identify ZIC1 and ZIC4 genes linked to Dandy-Walker, a condition affecting the cerebellum. The discovery may lead to prenatal diagnosis and better understanding of autism.
A new hypothesis from Northwestern University researchers suggests that brain development and puberty could be key factors in learning disorders. The study found that individuals with learning problems develop more slowly than those without, and their brains stop developing around the time of puberty's onset.
Researchers have identified two specific brain areas activated when people make mental state judgments, shedding light on the neural basis of everyday theory of mind. This finding may help develop interventions for individuals with autism who struggle with social skills and mental state decoding.
The main thrust of a 1998 Lancet paper described an unexpected intestinal lesion in children, raising the possibility of a link between MMR vaccine and autism. Despite lack of evidence, the paper's interpretation sparked major implications for public health, leading to formal retraction by the authors.
Female coots can accurately count their own eggs in a mixture, rejecting parasitic eggs and altering clutch size. This remarkable feat provides insight into the complex defense mechanisms used by coots to thwart brood parasitism.
Researchers at Michigan State University have identified a gene responsible for Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS), a rare genetic disorder. The discovery suggests that primarily one gene contributes to the phenotype, rather than multiple genes as previously thought.
Adults with ADHD are at higher risk of dropping out of school, losing jobs, and experiencing marital problems due to poor social skills and increased anxiety and depression. Reliable diagnosis and treatment options, such as stimulant medications and new psychotherapeutic approaches, can help manage the condition.
The new guidelines provide recommendations for evaluating children with global developmental delay, including the use of cytogenetic studies and molecular testing. Early diagnosis can help determine the cause of the disorder and assist in developing a treatment plan.
Researchers will enroll up to 2,000 children with differing patterns of development to compare environmental exposures and physiologic factors. The study aims to gain a better understanding of the multiple ways autism and other developmental delays may occur.
A nationwide study aims to identify genetic markers for autism and improve early detection, helping families receive timely support. The study will involve 75 children with autism, 40 developmentally delayed children, and 40 normally developing ones.
Autistic children exhibit significantly increased cerebral volumes compared to typically developing children, suggesting abnormal brain development processes occur very early. Brain volume levels out to normal size by adolescence and adulthood.
Research found that autistic preschoolers have 10% larger brains than normally developing children, which may contribute to their difficulty in recognizing emotions from facial expressions. The study also suggests that early intervention programs can help rewire the brain to process faces and emotions more normally.
A recent study by Dr. Gianpiero Palermo and his team found that ICSI children are developing normally, with no significant delays in cognitive abilities, socio-emotional development, or motor skills. The study contradicts previous concerns about the ICSI technique's impact on babies' development.
A claims-based measurement system shows widespread underuse of necessary care among elderly Medicare beneficiaries, even among relatively well-insured populations. Underuse is more common among African Americans, residents of poverty areas, and those living in areas with a shortage of healthcare professionals.
A Phase III study found that Aslera improved bone mineral density in female lupus patients by 1.8% compared to a loss of 1.8%, with greater increases observed in postmenopausal patients. This suggests that Aslera may be effective in preventing osteoporosis and fractures in women with SLE.
The American Academy of Neurology recommends routine developmental screening for all children from infancy through school age, focusing on early detection of autism. The guidelines also emphasize the importance of genetic or metabolic testing to rule out conditions that may be confused with autism.
Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital found that inhaling nitric oxide gas can prevent the development of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in infant rats by reducing cell proliferation in lung arteries. The study suggests that this therapy may significantly improve the quality of life and save lives of infants at risk for PVD.
Researchers have identified a bone morphogenetic protein receptor II gene mutation as the cause of familial primary pulmonary hypertension, a progressive condition characterized by constriction of blood vessels. The discovery could lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments for both familial and sporadic forms of PPH.
Researchers identified SAANDS compounds as a potential new drug target for inducing apoptosis in abnormal cells. The compounds inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterases, triggering programmed cell death in cancerous and precancerous cells.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients treated with Aptosyn experienced a clinically significant reduction in precancerous colon polyp formation after six months of therapy. Over 18 months, patients showed an overall 75% reduction in polyps, highlighting the compound's potential as a treatment for FAP.
A new study suggests that a caspase-inhibiting drug could help delay ALS symptoms and prolong life. Researchers found that mice treated with zVAD-fmk lived 22% longer than untreated littermates, providing proof of principle for this potential treatment.
The companies identified a family of proteins called Potassium Channel Interacting Proteins (KChIPs) that regulate A-type potassium channels, which control brain electrical signals. These KChIPs may lead to the development of new therapeutics for CNS disorders with minimal side effects.
Researchers found Madh6 gene and Smad6 protein play crucial role in cardiovascular system, causing heart valve and blood vessel abnormalities. This discovery provides potential target for developing novel therapies to treat cardiovascular disease.
Research found that babies who used newer-style walkers with large trays took longer to sit upright, crawl, and walk compared to those who didn't use walkers. These delays were attributed to the restricted visual feedback from seeing their moving legs.
Researchers at the University of Utah have discovered a naturally-occurring antibody that significantly reduces diabetic symptoms in mice. The study's findings suggest that masking the foreign nature of affected cells may prevent immunological processes that cause diabetes. Eighty percent of treated mice did not develop diabetic symptoms.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that green tea polyphenols may help prevent and reduce the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that mice given green tea polyphenols were significantly less likely to develop arthritis, with only 44% developing the condition compared ...
A study of 12,330 men and women aged 45-64 found that those with high levels of white blood cells, albumin, or fibrinogen were at higher risk of developing diabetes. The research suggests that inflammation may play a central role in the development of Type 2 diabetes.
A University of Pittsburgh team used electron beam computed tomography and carotid ultrasounds to assess heart disease in living people. They found that pre-menopausal risk factors such as smoking and low-density cholesterol strongly predict the development of coronary artery disease after menopause.
A new instrument helps children understand the difference between truth and lies, and recognize the importance of telling the whole truth. The Lyon-Saywitz Oath-Taking Competency Picture Task has shown that children as young as five can be trusted to understand what they're promising in a court of law.
A study found that team skill, managerial involvement, and common team experience are crucial for software development success. In contrast, technology's impact on performance was less significant, with structured methods having a positive but insignificant effect on production activities.
Children with better-than-20/800 vision showed significant improvements in development compared to those with impaired vision. The study found that a specific range of visual acuity affects children's ability to establish eye contact, bond with parents, and develop social skills.
A team of researchers found that the fairness of final economic outcomes does not significantly rely on the fairness of initial allocation methods. They suggest alternative fair and acceptable rules for sharing cost burdens while ensuring cost-effectiveness. Developing countries must prioritize equitable outcomes, mitigate costs, and p...
A recent study has found a link between methylmercury exposure in pregnant mothers and neurological delays in 7-year-old children. The research, conducted in the Faroe Islands, used sophisticated neuropsychological and neurophysiological techniques to examine the effects of prenatal mercury exposure on brain development.
Researchers have developed a simple test that may help identify young children at risk of developing life-threatening rapid heartbeats. The test, which measures P-wave dispersion, has shown promise in predicting the development of intra-atrial re-entry tachycardia (IART) in children.
Researchers found that mice with the human gene Bcl-2, which protects against cell death, developed ALS significantly later and lived longer than those without. The study suggests that gene therapy could delay ALS onset and lead to the development of drugs mimicking protective genes.
A new approach called PIWI (Parents Interacting With Infants) suggests that parents should follow a child's lead during playtime to aid development. This method involves seeing through the child's eyes and adapting interventions accordingly, rather than imposing adult agendas.
Researchers from Boston University developed network measurement techniques that enable Net.Medic to identify and fix internet performance problems. The software is designed to improve the effectiveness of the internet for millions of users worldwide.