Research shows that certain types of metaphors are difficult to convey in sign language due to the iconicity of a form constraining possible metaphorical extensions. Sign languages exhibit rich metaphorical use, but clashes between form and meaning components can render some metaphors impossible.
The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) highlights NJIT's research in directed self-assembly of vertical nanotubes for practical applications. The projects demonstrate innovative approaches to creating functional devices at molecular scales.
A study published at the 33rd Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen alone can reduce breast cancer risk in certain women. The analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trials showed a significantly reduced breast cancer incidence in subsets of wom...
Researchers have found that in late-onset Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid is produced at a normal rate but not cleared efficiently from the brain. This discovery may lead to improved biomarker measures for early diagnosis and new treatment approaches.
Fox Chase researchers have discovered several tumor characteristics that increase the risk of brain metastases in breast cancer patients. These include high-grade tumors, negative progesterone receptor status, and inflammatory breast cancer. The study aims to identify women at risk for brain metastases, potentially leading to preventiv...
Research reveals a pattern of reptile extinctions on Greek islands, with habitat specialists and northern species most affected. The study suggests that preserving habitat corridors will enable plants and animals to migrate in response to climate change.
A team of scientists at Duke University has measured the viscosity of an ultra-cold gas, confirming its potential as a scale model for exotic matter and high-temperature superconductors. The results also provide insight into predictions made using string theory.
Researchers at Indiana University found that using lubricant during sex significantly increases women's ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction. The study also showed that water-based lubricants are associated with lower rates of genital pain and fewer genital symptoms overall.
Research from Rice University and the University of Wisconsin found that remarried parents contribute less to their children's college education despite similar incomes. College students with divorced or remarried parents must shoulder more costs, prioritizing education over completing it.
Researchers identified a new protein (vopE) involved in causing diarrhea and found that the bacteria requires T3SS to cause disease. The study reveals a second pathogenic mechanism used by non-O1, non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholerae.
A recent study found that the cholera strain in Haiti matches bacterial samples from South Asia, contradicting earlier assumptions of its Latin American origin. The researchers believe the strain was introduced into Haiti through human activity, raising hopes for control measures such as vaccination and rapid screening.
Scientists have sequenced the genomes of parasitic water fungus and water molds that cause late blight in potatoes, tomatoes, and downy mildew in cruciferous vegetables. The analysis reveals that some sections of the genome are slow to evolve, allowing for resistance genes to be targeted.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that hospital shootings are extremely rare, while the rate of assaults on healthcare workers is four times higher than in other industries. The study argues that investing heavily in high-tech security measures may not be effective and instead focuses on preventing everyday assaults.
The AZURE trial, involving 3,360 patients, explores the effects of zoledronic acid on disease-free survival and secondary outcomes in Stage II/III breast cancer. The results will provide valuable insights into the benefits of combining zoledronic acid with adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Researchers found that liberals consistently move their attention in response to gaze cues, while conservatives do not. This suggests that liberals tend to be more responsive to others and are influenced by social interaction, whereas conservatives value personal autonomy and are less likely to be swayed by external cues.
A team of scientists led by Melissa Rolls has discovered a key protein controlling the layout of microtubules in dendrites, allowing neurons to regenerate after severe injury. The research provides new insights into the process of nerve cell regeneration and potential avenues for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers will study whether changes in tremor activity precede earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault. The Berkeley Seismological Laboratory is installing earthquake detectors to monitor mysterious 20-40 km deep tremors that may signal an impending quake.
The Nuss procedure has achieved a high success rate of 95.8% in correcting pectus excavatum, with refinements in surgical techniques and instruments developed to increase effectiveness and safety. New tools include stronger bars, improved tunnel creation, and titanium options for patients with metal allergies.
Researchers found exemestane to be comparable to anastrozole in preventing recurrent breast cancer and overall survival. However, exemestane showed lower cholesterol levels and fewer reports of osteoporosis, while anastrozole had more side effects on blood tests and mood changes.
Despite its large genome, powdery mildew has lost many essential genes, limiting its ability to fix nitrogen, harness energy, or produce metabolic products.
Researchers identified six gene markers in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer that can predict tumor relapse and survival rates. The six-gene classifier stratifies patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups with significantly different relapse rates.
A EUREKA-backed project, TRAMMS, aimed to solve Internet bottlenecks by monitoring traffic over three years. The team gained insight into user behavior and accurately measured network traffic, enabling service providers to avoid bottlenecks and improve web browsing quality.
The project aims to unlock the secrets of nature's best camouflage artists, specifically cephalopod skins, to create adaptive and responsive materials. The team will investigate light sensing and use it to regulate skin patterns, colors, and contrasts.
According to a recent study in Nature Biotechnology, states in the US are now funding more human embryonic stem cell research than the federal government. The extent of this funding varies significantly between states, with some prioritizing this research over others.
Scientists at the University of Warwick have discovered a new platinum-based compound that can be activated by normal visible blue or green light, leading to a highly potent cancer treatment. The compound is up to 80 times more effective than existing platinum-based anti-cancer drugs.
A WSU researcher is conducting a four-year project to better understand how practicing civil engineers learn and apply engineering concepts. The study aims to develop a model of engineering thinking and research-based curricular materials based on the engineers' actual use of concepts.
New research by James Evans highlights industry's role in advancing academic science by encouraging novel discovery and exploring previously unexplored biological processes. Industry-funded work tends to stray from theoretical hubs, whereas government-funded studies cluster around related themes and theoretical hubs.
A La Jolla Institute team has validated a computer model's ability to predict key information on nasal insulin treatment regimens in type 1 diabetes. The platform accurately predicted biomarker onset and therapeutic outcome, confirming its potential as a valuable research tool.
Rice University researchers have developed microbatteries with nanowire 'hearts' that can store more energy and charge faster than traditional lithium-ion batteries. The batteries employ vertical arrays of nickel-tin nanowires encased in a PMMA polymer, which insulates the wires and allows ions to pass through.
A study of medical students' professor evaluations found that scores and comments remained consistent, with only 3% of evaluations revised. The study highlights the importance of making a good first impression in the classroom.
Scientists at Virginia Tech have discovered key molecular events in the immune system that contribute to inflammatory bowel disease. The study identifies peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma as a crucial regulator of inflammation and offers potential targets for repurposed drugs and naturally occurring compounds.
A new study found that buprenorphine is at least as effective as methadone in treating opioid addiction during pregnancy. Babies of mothers who received buprenorphine had shorter hospital stays and required less morphine to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Researchers found that silencing the TLR4 gene can prevent hyperglycemic cardiac apoptosis in diabetic mice, highlighting the potential clinical use of siRNA-based therapy. The study demonstrated that TLR4 plays a critical role in cardiac apoptosis and that its silencing can suppress apoptotic cascades.
A meta-analysis reveals that postmenopausal women with breast cancer who use aromatase inhibitors are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The study suggests that these women should be monitored for shorter durations of treatment to minimize this risk.
A new study suggests buprenorphine is a better treatment option than methadone for opioid dependence in pregnant women, resulting in healthier babies. Babies born to mothers taking buprenorphine instead of methadone required less morphine and spent less time in the hospital.
A team of scientists found that the abundance of metal-loving elements in Earth's, Moon's, and Mars' mantles were delivered by massive impactors during the final phase of planet formation. The largest impactor on Earth may have modified its obliquity by approximately 10 degrees.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered a new regulatory protein, GAKIN, that oversees the activity of CARD11, a key player in immune cell activation. This finding presents opportunities to develop new treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer by targeting hyperactive immune cells.
A retrospective study found that obese women with estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer experienced significantly worse disease-free and overall survival rates compared to non-obese patients. Obesity was not associated with poorer outcomes in HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer subtypes.
A new study suggests an intensive computer-based working memory training program can alleviate some ADHD symptoms in children. The five-week program showed significant changes in attention, organization, and working memory skills. Parents reported improvements in ADHD symptoms, and the results were evident four months after treatment.
Researchers observed electrode wires made from materials used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries contorting and fatten as they become charged with electricity. This study suggests how rechargeable batteries eventually give out and might offer insights for improving battery performance.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers found that imagining eating a certain food decreases appetite for it. Participants who repeatedly imagined consuming a food ate significantly fewer pieces than those who performed different tasks or imagined a different food.
A new three-drug combination, CRd, has shown promising results in treating newly diagnosed blood cancer patients, including a high response rate and minimal side effects. The study found that all participants responded to treatment and achieved significant reductions in disease.
A team of atmospheric scientists will gather data from clouds at four different elevations on Mount Werner for five months. The data will help improve climate models by verifying the accuracy of measurements used in computer simulations.
A study by Indiana University found that runners who continue despite exhaustion change their form, increasing the risk of injury. The study showed that at the end of a normal run, runners' mechanics start to change when they reach fatigue levels, typically indicated by RPEs between 13-15.
Hendrik Heinz, a University of Akron researcher, is using advanced simulations to understand organic-inorganic bonding. His work aims to develop new composite materials and devices, such as bone replacement and sensing systems, by harnessing nature's biomineralization process.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a system that analyzes and responds to the complex musical structures of improvised avant-garde performances, using interconnecting elements of cognition such as perception/action, reasoning, decision-making, planning, and memory.
Researchers have discovered a new class of small molecules that can break up and remove amyloid clumps in the brain, potentially providing a therapeutic application for Alzheimer's disease. These compounds also show potential to cross the blood-brain barrier, protecting the brain from harmful substances.
A new mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy suggests that muscle stem cells are key to understanding the disease's progression. The research found that mice with a similar mutation to humans experience severe muscle weakness and shortened life spans due to the inability of their muscle stem cells to keep up with ongoing damage.
A new technique developed at ORNL allows supercomputers to sift through massive molecular databases and identify potential drug candidates. This breakthrough could lead to diverse and innovative classes of drugs by processing millions of molecules a day.
Researchers found that colder temperatures in the Bering Sea led to an increase in larger zooplankton, such as copepods and krill, which pollock prefer to eat. This shift may impact the growth and survival of younger pollock fish.
A recent study has shed light on the genetic code of a plant pathogen that causes downy mildew disease. The analysis revealed massive gene loss in the pathogen, which is essential for its stealthy lifestyle, and could lead to new ways to investigate how these pathogens wreak havoc and prevent billions of dollars of losses for farmers.
Scientists have identified new genes in smut fungi that play a crucial role in infecting maize plants. The study reveals an evolutionary arms race between the plant and parasite, with each side developing new molecules to outsmart the other.
A new technology using tiny protozoa to detect toxins in water sources may provide unprecedented assessment of the world's water supplies. The Swimming Behavioral Spectrophotometer (SBS) can detect chemicals, pesticides, and biological warfare agents with near-instant feedback.
Researchers discover parasites within the fungus help it adapt and overcome plant defenses, leading to rapid evolution and devastating impact on agricultural yield. The study could lead to significant advances in developing new agricultural techniques for protecting cereal crops from infection.
A new study found that living in racially segregated neighborhoods with high crime rates increases the chances of developing cancer, particularly among older adults. The research, published in the American Journal of Public Health, also discovered a link between neighborhood segregation and heart problems for older women.
A study by UCLA researchers found that Medicaid-funded ADHD treatment for children yielded poor quality care, with few follow-up visits and inadequate medication use. The study suggests areas for improvement in ADHD care, including better alignment of clinical severity with provider type and increased use of stimulant medication.
A study found that combining epigenetic therapy and molecular targeted therapy can improve outcomes for patients with elevated E-cadherin levels in advanced lung cancer. The treatment achieved significantly improved overall survival rates compared to erlotinib alone.
Harvard researchers found that biracials are consistently perceived as belonging to their lower-status parent group, with only 68% needed to be white for a black-white biracial to be seen as white. Further studies aim to understand why this persistence of the 'one-drop rule' occurs
A new type of VEGFR-3 blocking antibody has been developed to inhibit angiogenesis in cancerous tumors. The antibody was shown to be effective even at high concentrations of the growth factor, and combining it with another inhibitor provided synergistic inhibition.
Researchers found that adding ipilimumab to paclitaxel/carboplatin improved progression-free survival rates for stage IIIb/IV non-small cell lung cancer patients. The study suggests that ipilimumab may be a valuable addition to standard treatments, potentially leading to better patient outcomes.