A survey of over 1600 biotechnology professionals predicts that the Trump presidency will negatively impact NIH research funding and STEM education. Foreign-born researchers educated in American universities are also expected to leave the country due to a perceived
A recent study published in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience has made significant discoveries about the effects of anesthesia on brain activity. The researchers found that neurons under anesthesia become highly synchronized and more sensitive to environmental stimuli, which challenges traditional views on consciousness.
Researchers at The University of Texas at Arlington are studying the ideal physical and mental states to help individuals pay attention and practice self-control. They use computer-game testing combined with heart-rate and skin activity analysis to understand how people respond to tasks requiring attention and self-regulation.
A study found that 87% of school staff knew what to do in an emergency, but only 18% felt confident. The majority of non-nurse staff can identify the correct sequence of actions to take in case of anaphylaxis.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that Pavlovian approach can bias human information sampling, leading to irrational decisions. The researchers analyzed data from over 30,000 participants and identified three biases related to reward-driven behaviors, which were more pronounced with higher education levels and age.
Researchers from the University of Extremadura and Sapienza University of Rome have discovered a new type of convection in granular fluids. This lateral-wall thermal convection is produced by inert walls and exhibits distinct properties compared to traditional fluid dynamics.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have made a groundbreaking discovery that could pave the way for pancreatic cancer treatment. The study reveals that exosomes, tiny vesicles released by supporting cells, can educate cancer cells on how to survive chemotherapy, making the disease resistant to treatment.
A recent study published in Science Advances found that over 85% of pain-sensing neurons are sensitive to one specific type of painful stimulus. This challenges previous findings suggesting most neurons respond to all types of pain.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have identified a sub-region in the medial prefrontal cortex that synthesizes proteins for contextual fear memory. Inhibiting protein synthesis before memory formation prevents long-term recall, highlighting the critical role of early protein synthesis.
A new approach has been developed to measure the rate of movement of nitrate from groundwater into streams, which is critical for understanding how this pollutant moves through the environment and assessing water quality management. The research found that the rate of nitrate input to the aquifer dropped by 6 percent in 2013, while the...
Researchers developed a new laboratory system to study the deformed wing virus, showing viral antigens in all body areas, particularly in gland tissue. The discovery could lead to targeted strategies against disease-causing viruses and improve bee colony survival.
Researchers discovered that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway blocks collagen production and myofibroblast proliferation in thyroid eye disease. The study suggests AHR ligands may be a novel target for treatment, offering hope for targeted therapies.
New evidence from meteorites on Mars indicates a lasting drought on the planet, making it difficult for life to exist today. The study calculates a chemical weathering rate that shows rust formation takes thousands of times longer on Mars than in driest deserts on Earth.
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown efficacy and acceptable toxicity, surpassing radionuclide conjugates in certain tumor types. Targeting cancer stem cells may further improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers developed a smartphone app that tracks eye movement to detect signs of autism spectrum disorder, with an accuracy rating of 93.96% and potential for earlier detection and better treatment outcomes.
Children who live at least half a mile away from a grocery store have higher rates of asthma, with 21% vs. 17% for those closer to a store. Limited access to fresh produce increases asthma risk.
A study by Cornell University researchers suggests that certain weeds, like milkweed, can be beneficial to crops and the environment. By incorporating these weeds into agricultural systems, farmers may reduce their reliance on pesticides and herbicides, while also supporting biodiversity and pollinator health.
A new study published in New Journal of Physics found that physicists pay less attention to articles with dense mathematical details, indicating real and widespread barriers to scientific communication. The researchers suggest improving clearer presentation of technical work is key to bridging this gap.
A new study by King's College London found that bullied children are nearly twice as likely to be overweight at age 18 compared to non-bullied peers. Chronic bullying in school was associated with a higher BMI and waist-hip ratio, independent of environmental risk factors.
A new study led by Indiana University researcher Susan Pressler will examine the impact of computerized cognitive training exercises on heart failure patients with memory loss. The study aims to determine if brain training programs, such as BrainHQ, can improve memory and quality of life for these patients.
A recent study found structural differences between the sexes in one part of the insula, a brain region involved in emotion processing. This difference may help explain why girls are more likely to develop PTSD than boys after experiencing trauma. The findings suggest sex-specific treatments for traumatic stress and emotion dysregulation.
A team of Italian scientists has created a hybrid device that links biological and electronic systems, leveraging pectin to replicate memristive behavior. The device features a double-layered polyelectrolyte structure that enables it to learn and perform logic/classification functions.
The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology recommends introducing peanut-containing foods as early as 4-6 months for high-risk infants with severe eczema and/or egg allergy. Early introduction has been shown to benefit infants who are sensitized to peanuts in studies like LEAP.
A new wearable medical device has been found to reduce visceral fat and improve blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The device, which uses mild electrical stimulation and heat shock, has shown significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin values and insulin resistance.
Lung cancer is expected to result in an estimated 158,080 deaths in 2016 due to limited treatment options. Researchers are exploring signals within lung cancer cells that cause them to grow quickly and spread to other organs like the liver.
Regular aerobic exercise has been shown to improve artery health and reduce stiffness in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study found that aerobic exercise significantly benefits vascular function and smooth muscle function in the arteries.
A study by the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology found that most colleges lack integrated systems to support students with food allergies. The study's lead author, Ruchi Gupta, MD, notes that these students value feeling secure and willing to work with school officials to create education around their needs.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have developed a tissue-engineered model of the human lung and trachea, which contains diverse cell types found in the respiratory tract. This breakthrough model has the potential to improve our understanding of lung regeneration and lead to new therapies for damaged lungs.
Two studies show that schools implementing asthma care programs and vaccinating children with asthma against the flu can significantly improve attendance rates. A total of 90% of students were able to return to class after receiving treatment, compared to 11% without access to these services.
Researchers sequenced the Asian longhorned beetle's genome to understand how it feeds on tree tissues and detoxifies plant chemicals. The study revealed genes that enable the beetle to degrade plant defenses, allowing it to thrive as a pest in Switzerland.
Researchers at TUM report cases of acute and fatal pneumonitis resulting from fuel ingestion in refugees. Symptoms initially resemble bacterial pneumonia, making diagnosis challenging due to language barriers.
A new study has found that ventilator-associated pneumonia rates have been stable and substantial since 2005, with approximately 10% of critically ill patients developing the condition. The study's findings contradict previous data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, highlighting a need for further research into preven...
A study by TSRI researchers reveals that macrophages can create vessel-like structures for delivering oxygen and nutrients to growing tumors, promoting cancer progression. This finding could lead to novel cancer therapies targeting immune system cells.
Researchers found pesticide exposure associated with decreased bacterial diversity and specific taxon reductions in farmworkers' oral microbiomes. Azinphos-methyl detection correlated with lower Streptococcus and Halomonas populations.
Plant biologists at ITbM, Nagoya University, have made a key discovery that the contents in pollen tubes alone can increase the size of seeds, without the need for fertilization. This new plant phenomenon, named as POEM (pollen tube-dependent ovule enlargement morphology), shows that even in the absence of fertilization, release of the...
Researchers from University of Extremadura develop non-destructive method using Magnetic Resonance Imaging to quantify salt content of Iberian ham and classify it according to salt penetration. This methodology enables real-time results and can be applied to other quality parameters.
A study found that teens with asthma are twice as likely to smoke as their healthy counterparts. Despite knowing smoking is bad for health, they often smoke to manage anxiety and stress.
Researchers used a new approach to measure metabolic diversity in various plant tissues, revealing distinct profiles for each tissue. The study identified specific genes regulating the biosynthesis of ecologically-important secondary metabolites, shedding light on how plants modulate their metabolite accumulation at the organ level.
The ECP has selected four co-design center proposals, focusing on co-optimizing applications, data services, and exascale platforms. The Block-Structured AMR Co-Design Center aims to develop a new framework for solving complex PDEs on exascale architectures.
A new study found that intensive multidisciplinary treatment can eliminate dependence on tube feeding in 71% of children with pediatric feeding disorder at discharge. Treatment also leads to increased oral intake and reduced caregiver stress.
Stanford scientists created detailed stress maps to understand earthquake triggers in Texas and Oklahoma, identifying problematic faults and ideal orientations for earthquakes. The maps help predict seismic activity resulting from fluid injection, enabling companies and regulators to avoid these faults and prevent induced earthquakes.
A study found that many doctors acknowledge the need for testing but rarely refer patients with reported penicillin allergy. In fact, only 30% of physicians knew that most patients can tolerate penicillin-like antibiotics.
A randomized control trial tested the HOPE program against traditional PAU, finding no significant differences in re-arrest rates or time to re-arrest. The study suggests that strict supervision practices can be effective, but more work is needed to determine the model's effectiveness for specific types of probationers.
The Gerontological Society of America has selected 16 distinguished reporters for the Journalists in Aging Fellows Program. The fellows will develop major aging-focused stories or series during GSA's Annual Scientific Meeting, exploring concerns such as elder isolation, homeless seniors, and the digital future.
A study analyzing Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System data found that ventilator-associated pneumonia rates remained stable and substantial from 2005 to 2013, affecting approximately 10% of ventilated patients. The researchers also found that interventions purported to reduce VAP were often supported by limited evidence.
Researchers have discovered that mice infected with the common gut parasite Tritrichomonas muris are at an increased risk of developing inflammatory colitis. The study highlights the need for a better understanding of cross-kingdom interactions between host and protozoa within the gastrointestinal tract.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that children who skip breakfast and have irregular sleep patterns are more likely to become overweight or obese. The research, based on data from over 19,000 UK children, highlights the importance of early life factors such as smoking in pregnancy and disrupted routines in predicting weight gain.
Scientists have identified two sensory channels that transmit information to the brain about movement using fundamentally different approaches. The discovery suggests a legacy of the differences between navigating in water and air, with one channel sending smooth signals resembling sound waves and another rapid signals like drumbeats.
Research suggests that skin bacteria Propionibacterium acnes produces a protective protein called RoxP, which shields against UV radiation-induced oxidative stress and potentially various skin diseases.
A Disney Research team created an automated method of crowdsourcing multiple lines of dialogue for robots, using a persistent interactive personality that can translate high-level goals into simple narratives. The method was tested in a trivia contest and resulted in 716 unique lines of dialogue.
A study published in Spine found that surgery significantly improves sex life-related pain and disability in patients with degenerative spinal conditions. After three months, less than 20% of patients still experienced pain, compared to 40% without surgery. The improvement persisted for four years.