New research reveals small and isolated habitat patches in Australia are vital to the survival of many rare and endangered species. Small patches of vegetation, such as those along roadsides or in urban areas, can be a last piece of habitat for species that once had widespread habitats.
Researchers at CCNY and Yale developed a new efficient computational model to simulate the behavior of soft, shape-changing cells. The model provides accurate capture of particle deformation and allows easy adjustment of cell-cell interactions, enabling studies on tumor growth and embryonic development.
The UrFU-developed system utilizes neuro-electrostimulation and AI to treat various brain disorders, including strokes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and more. It has shown remarkable results in clinical trials, bringing patients out of vegetative states and restoring mental and emotional activity.
The MIT-designed terahertz laser achieves three key performance goals: high constant power, tight beam pattern, and broad electric frequency tuning. This technology could be used for improved skin and breast cancer imaging, detecting drugs and explosives, and mapping the Milky Way galaxy.
Researchers found that metformin and syrosingopine combination blocks critical energy production step, driving cancer cells to death. The duo targets NAD+ regeneration, preventing lactate export and leading to cell demise.
A study found that parents spend more time talking to children about the mechanics of using their mobile devices than what they watch and download. Children are also exposed to multiple media sources at once, and older siblings play a bigger role in mediation for younger siblings.
A low-cost, non-enzymatic phenol sensor has been developed using a Ni/MWCNT electrode material, exhibiting high sensitivity, good selectivity, and stability. The sensor's potential application lies in detecting phenol in discharged wastewater, where it can provide real-time monitoring and fast response.
A University of Pittsburgh professor is developing an artificial intelligence database to identify bird calls and support conservation efforts. The project, funded by a $91,208 grant, will create free, open-source models for researchers, agencies, and citizen scientists to analyze acoustic field recordings.
Veterans in mental health care support measures to address firearm access, such as screening by clinicians and gun locks. The VA could consider working with veterans to develop and implement these programs to prevent suicide.
Scientists have discovered red wolf genes in canids on Galveston Island, providing a potential reservoir for bolstering the North Carolina population. This finding is significant as it suggests that genetics from endangered species can be conserved through hybridization.
Researchers propose guidelines for the therapeutic use of melatonin to address potential health risks, citing over 23,000 published studies. The guidelines aim to provide a systematic framework for analyzing melatonin's effects and role in human physiology and pathophysiology.
Scientists have developed a method to monitor changes in membrane potential and observe ion fluxes by studying the behavior of water molecules surrounding neuronal membranes. This breakthrough could provide insight into neural activity, enabling scientists to track neurons without using electrodes or fluorophores.
Researchers are exploring answers to fill crucial gaps in understanding intra-slab earthquakes, which can be large magnitude and felt over a broad area. They found that local geology can dramatically change the earthquake's effects, highlighting the need for hazard assessments to include information about the deep earth.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science have revealed a previously unknown mechanism underlying anxiety. Targeting this biochemical pathway may help develop new therapies for alleviating the symptoms of anxiety disorders.
Researchers analyzed historical data to determine the sources of destructive Indonesian earthquakes, finding that intraslab earthquakes were responsible for many damaging quakes. The study suggests that Indonesia's 2010 and 2017 seismic hazard assessments perform well in predicting ground motion in key Javanese cities.
Scientists at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre have discovered that macrophage cells play a crucial role in helping the heart repair and regenerate following a heart attack. The study found that these cells can act in a neo-natal-like state, aiding in tissue growth and development.
A study of 4,843 UK adolescents found that those identifying as sexual minorities experienced more depressive symptoms and self-harm than their heterosexual peers, starting at age 10. Depressive symptoms declined from age 18, but this decline was not seen in all groups.
A study published in Palgrave Communications found a strong negative correlation between median household income and obesity rates in the US. Since 1990, the rise of obesity has been fastest among the poorest regions, with lower-income households facing a higher likelihood of suffering from obesity and diabetes.
Researchers at Montana State University are leading a multi-pronged approach to control bindweed and creeping thistle, two chief hardships in organic farming. The four-year, $2 million grant aims to develop effective management strategies that preserve soil health.
Researchers at Wake Forest School of Medicine discovered that gut bacteria can enhance or inhibit the effectiveness of anti-diabetes drugs. The review of over 100 studies suggests that modulation of the gut microbiome may be a target to improve or reverse medication efficacy for type-2 diabetes.
A new study found that combining mammography with a novel imaging technique called three-compartment breast (3CB) imaging can significantly reduce unnecessary breast biopsies. The technique uses AI algorithms to analyze tissue composition, improving the ability to predict cancer and reducing recalls by up to 36%.
Researchers develop a time-varying network model that factors in individual dynamics and burstiness to better explain the relationship between social activity and disease spread. The model shows that self-excitement mechanisms lower the epidemic threshold, increasing disease communicability.
The ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress highlighted promising new technologies for cancer treatment, including multiplex immunohistochemistry and bispecific antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and neoantigen therapeutics also showed promise in treating a greater proportion of patients with cancer.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology discovered how transcription factors AGAMOUS and CRABS CLAW bind to the YUC4 gene, regulating plant hormone auxin synthesis. This epigenetic regulation is crucial for proper flower formation and gynoecium development.
A new study warns that 70% of current Arctic infrastructure is at risk from thawing permafrost within the next 30 years. The projected impacts could lead to major ecosystem disruption and adverse effects on energy supplies, national security, and economic activity.
Researchers develop device that uses suspended structure to absorb solar energy, heating water to boiling point and producing superheated steam. The device can be used in remote regions to generate drinking water, sterilize medical equipment, or supply heat for industrial processes.
Researchers have successfully switched a material between two states of matter via application of an electric-field, paving the way for a functioning topological transistor. This breakthrough could enable ultra-low energy electronics to continue growing without being limited by available energy.
New research highlights invasive species as the top threat to Australian biodiversity, affecting 82% of threatened species, while habitat changes impact 74%. The Threatened Species Recovery Hub and Centre for Invasive Species Solutions warn of an extinction crisis without innovative management options.
A survey of dermatology providers found that they are interested in learning about and recommending cannabinoids as treatments for conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Despite their enthusiasm, many expressed concerns about societal stigmas surrounding cannabis use, highlighting the need for further education and research.
The study provides new insights into targeting the human T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein-3 (hTIM-3) for treating various cancers. The high-resolution structure of hTIM-3 will help develop useful therapeutics.
The study found that over half of the world's living languages are currently endangered, with around 600 nearly extinct. However, hundreds of languages have been documented sustainably archived audio and video collections, and there is ongoing engagement from indigenous researchers on their own languages.
A new study found that flu vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of premature death and cardiovascular death in heart failure patients. The study analyzed data on 134,048 patients with newly diagnosed heart failure over a 12-year period.
The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care updates its guideline to emphasize shared decision-making between women and their doctors. The new recommendations favor regular mammography screening for women aged 50-74, but only if they prefer it, due to uncertain benefits and harms.
A team from Osaka University has created a system to produce large numbers of human norovirus particles using intestinal epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. This breakthrough allows for the study of the virus and potential vaccine development without relying on human tissue or bile.
Researchers have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The study found that ezogabine treatment can reduce motor neuron excitability in ALS patients, suggesting a potential new therapy for the disease.
Breastfeeding did not mitigate increased cancer risk, and older women are more susceptible to enhanced risks. The study analyzed data from 15 prospective studies and found that the heightened risk continued for about 24 years after childbirth.
A new study shows that imagination can be a powerful tool in helping people with fear and anxiety-related disorders overcome them. Brain imaging studies suggest that imagination can alter the way threats are represented in the brain, leading to extinction of fear responses.
The study found that at least 4% of doctors play golf, with male doctors and surgical specialists spending the most time on the course. Male doctors between 61-70 were most likely to play golf, while female doctors aged 31-35 were least likely.
Researchers tested a weight gain prevention intervention focusing on Christmas period, encouraging regular weighing and providing activity equivalent calorie information. The results showed that participants in the intervention group did not gain weight, while those in the control group did.
Later-born siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at higher risk of developing the same disorder. The study analyzed data from over 15,000 siblings and found that those born after an older child with ASD or ADHD were more likely to be diagnosed with either condition.
Patients value routine symptom reporting and expect their doctor's review, but perceive barriers in the current healthcare system. The study emphasizes the need for efficient clinical strategies and reimbursement to address symptoms like pain, depression, and anxiety.
Later-born siblings of children with ASD or ADHD are at higher risk for developing the same conditions. The study found that families with a child diagnosed with ASD have a 30 times higher chance of their younger sibling being diagnosed with ASD, while those with a child diagnosed with ADHD have a 13 times higher chance.
Researchers are exploring the interaction between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and myeloid cells in blood circulation to identify novel biomarkers for unstable plaques. This project aims to develop therapeutic targets for treating blood vessel complications in hypertension, potentially preventing heart attacks and stroke.
Researchers analyzed particle flow from tiny projectiles colliding with gold nuclei at nearly the speed of light. The data show strong correlations between initial geometry and final flow patterns, supporting the quark-gluon plasma hypothesis.
A study on European Union international trading markets reveals conditions where the Newcomb-Benford Law applies and where it does not, enabling the detection of frauds. The findings may lead to an automated system for flagging suspicious patterns in transactions.
A new study reveals that brainwaves play a crucial role in inhibiting habitual thinking modes to access more remote ideas. By stimulating the right temporal part of the brain, researchers can increase the capability of inhibiting obvious links, leading to more creative outcomes.
A new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that small and isolated habitat patches are vital to the survival of many rare and endangered species. The research highlights the importance of conserving these small patches, which can sometimes be the last remaining habitats for species.
Researchers observed age-related changes in T cell mitochondrial size and respiratory capacity. Supplementing aged mice with formate and glycine improved T cell survival and growth, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for boosting immune responses in older individuals.
A new study found consistent bias against women and girls in contexts that emphasize intellectual ability, including job referrals and team games. Despite equal achievements in academia and the workplace, women and girls still face biased treatment in intellectually demanding fields.
A large-scale genetic study has identified 11 new genes associated with epilepsy, which may inform the development of new treatments. The research, led by RCSI researchers, compared DNA samples from over 15,000 people with and without epilepsy, tripling the number of known genetic associations.
Researchers at UNH found unprecedentedly high levels of nitrate in streams and watersheds of Puerto Rico for a year after two consecutive major hurricanes in 2017. This excess nitrate may harm forest recovery and threaten ecosystems along Puerto Rico's coastline by escalating algal blooms and dead zones.
Researchers found patients discharged during the December holiday period had a higher risk of death or readmission, with a 16% risk within the first 7 days. Patients with higher baseline risks had lower holiday-related readmission and death rates.
A study by the University of Birmingham found that regular weighing at home and simple tips to curb excess eating and drinking can prevent people from gaining weight over Christmas. Participants who weighed themselves daily and followed weight management tips lost an average of 0.49kg compared to those in the comparison group.
Researchers found that maintaining systolic blood pressure at around 140 mmHg experienced fewer negative health outcomes, such as second strokes, death or cardiovascular disease. The findings provide some clarity for physicians, but more research is needed to confirm the optimal level of blood pressure.
The Deep Carbon Observatory has revealed that the deep biosphere, a subsurface ecosystem, hosts an immense amount of life with 15-23 billion tons of carbon, far exceeding human carbon mass. This discovery expands our understanding of the tree of life and the potential for life in extreme environments.
A team led by Kiran Musunuru used a stem-cell-based assay to determine the impact of a TNNT2 gene variant on a patient's health. The test successfully identified the variant as benign, allowing the patient and her family to avoid unnecessary genetic screening.
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft has made groundbreaking observations of asteroid Bennu, revealing the presence of water molecules and hydrated minerals. The findings confirm that Bennu is an excellent specimen for the mission, which aims to return a sample of surface material to Earth in 2023.
The study found that 45% of countries provide at least one year of tuition-free pre-primary education, while just 19% make it compulsory. Countries with higher-income levels and regions such as the Americas tend to offer more tuition-free pre-primary education.
Researchers predict a decline in cancer death rates in Australasian countries and Russia in 2018. However, the largest number of deaths are predicted for Russia, mainly due to high rates among men who still smoke. The study highlights the need for urgent measures on tobacco control in Russia.
Researchers at John Innes Centre discovered the two-step process by which catnip produces nepetalactone, a terpene that sends cats into ecstasy. This process may help recreate useful medicines, including vinblastine and vincristine, more efficiently.