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Science News Archive 2019 - Page 36


Page 36 of 486

Mechanism that triggers the inflammatory process by Mayaro virus is discovered

A Brazilian team at FAPESP-supported Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases identified the strategy used by immune cells to combat the pathogen Mayaro virus. The study provides a basis for the development of drugs against this disease, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in producing proinflammatory molecules.

A trick for taming terahertz transmissions

Researchers at Osaka University developed a novel receiver that overcomes obstacles in terahertz radiation, enabling record-breaking transmission speeds of 30 gigabits per second. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize next-generation 6G cellular network technology and various other applications.

SourceOsaka University·JournalScientific Reports·DateDec 2, 2019

A question of pressure

Researchers at PTB have implemented a novel pressure measurement method based on electrical measurements of helium gas, offering unique possibilities to investigate helium as an important model system for physics fundamentals. This new method has been compared with conventional mechanical and electrical pressure measurements, providing...

Mental health information in rural areas is best delivered face-to-face, study shows

A new study found that farmers prefer receiving mental health information from licensed medical providers, spouses, and friends. Face-to-face communication, such as newspapers and magazines, is also preferred over online methods like social media and the internet.

SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·DateDec 2, 2019

Cell-free synthetic biology comes of age

Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in cell-free gene expression, enabling high-yielding protein synthesis and expanding genetically encoded chemistry. This has opened doors to create new types of enzymes, materials, and therapeutics. Northwestern University's Center for Synthetic Biology is at the forefront of this field.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalNature Reviews Genetics·DateDec 2, 2019

2D materials boost carrier multiplication

Researchers at the Institute for Basic Science discovered a carrier multiplication process in 2D semiconductors that could improve the efficiency of solar cells. The phenomenon is more efficient in 2D materials than in bulk semiconductors and has the potential to increase the maximum power conversion efficiency up to 46%

SourceInstitute for Basic Science·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 2, 2019

Colorado study suggests new strategies against bone metastases from prostate cancer

A University of Colorado Cancer Center study suggests two new approaches to treating bone metastases from prostate cancer: targeting different signaling pathways for lytic and blastic lesions. Both types of bone metastases show promise with anti-cancer immunotherapy, particularly those with high PD-L1 levels.

SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer·DateDec 2, 2019

Breathing? Thank volcanoes, tectonics and bacteria

A new study suggests that volcanic eruptions triggered by tectonics led to the Great Oxidation Event, a significant increase in oxygen in Earth's atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago. The research proposes that this event was also linked to a change in the composition of carbon isotopes in carbonate rock record.

SourceRice University·JournalNature Geoscience·DateDec 2, 2019

Chronic opioid treatment may increase PTSD risk

A study published in Neuropsychopharmacology found that chronic opioid treatment before a traumatic event enhances fear learning in mice, potentially linking opioid dependence to PTSD. The findings suggest that individuals with a history of opioid use may become more susceptible to the negative effects of stress.

SourceSpringer·JournalNeuropsychopharmacology·DateDec 1, 2019

Armored with plastic 'hair' and silica, new perovskite nanocrystals show more durability

Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed a novel approach to improve perovskite nanocrystal durability by encasing them in a plastic and silica double-layer protection system. The new method enables high-quality, complex architecture perovskites with controlled dimensions and surface chemistry, unlocking potential for v...

SourceGeorgia Institute of Technology·JournalScience Advances·DateNov 29, 2019

No kale left behind: A new supple management method to limit perishable waste

Researchers at University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management devised a new method to manage perishable inventory, cutting costs by up to 27%. The single most effective strategy is shortening lead time between receiving an order and delivering it, reducing costs for suppliers in the food retail industry.

SourceUniversity of Toronto, Rotman School of Management·JournalProduction and Operations Management·DateNov 29, 2019

Study pinpoints barriers to preventive care for people at high risk for HIV

A study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that many high-risk individuals eligible for HIV preventive medication face knowledge gaps, attitudinal roadblocks, and placement of responsibility on patients, leading to low access rates. The researchers recommend increased primary care access and educational initiat...

SourceUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst·JournalJournal of General Internal Medicine·DateNov 29, 2019

Paleontologists identify new group of pterosaurs

Researchers describe an extremely well-preserved pterosaur specimen from the Afro-Arabian continent, shedding light on the evolutionary history of these creatures. The study suggests that this type of pterosaur likely fed on crustaceans and lived in shallow marine waters during the Late Cretaceous period.

SourceUniversity of Alberta·JournalScientific Reports·DateNov 29, 2019

Dietary supplements may delay aging in animal models

Researchers have found that dietary supplements can improve the clean-up process in cells called mitophagy, which breaks down defective mitochondria, thereby delaying aging processes in animal models with Werner Syndrome. This study provides promising results for potential treatments and understanding of the mechanisms of aging.

Providing safe, clean water

Researchers introduce a new water purification method using magnetic nanoparticles coated with an ionic liquid, effectively removing organic, inorganic, and microbial contaminants. The nanoparticles can be easily removed with magnets, making them a promising starting point for decentralized water purification systems.

SourceWiley·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·DateNov 29, 2019

Democratic education in populist times

LabSchoolsEurope aims to develop and evaluate methods for dealing with heterogeneity in primary schools, promoting democratic behavior and preventing racism. The project will create multi-lingual practice guidelines, teaching materials, and successfully tested sequences that can be made available online.

Spirituality affects the behavior of mortgagers

Research by Olga Miroshnichenko found that household income and spirituality are linked, with mortgagers who prioritize morality tend to repay loans before maturity. The study analyzed data from the Russian bank sector between 2008-2018, concluding that economic growth and moral values influence mortgage behavior.

Inter faculty -- Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Social Sciences, Vol.9

This volume of Inter Faculty Journal examines the phenomena of migration, the complexity of Serbian and Croatian languages, and noun-concluding sentences in Japanese. The research highlights common threads among these studies, including socio-economic factors, governance, and cultural values.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalInternational Academic Journal Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management·DateNov 29, 2019

Fine-tuning gene expression during stress recovery

Researchers at Hokkaido University found that nuclear stress bodies help cells recover from stress by regulating intron retention, a process essential for gene expression. The discovery sheds light on the mysterious organelles' role in stress response and has implications for understanding various biological functions.

SourceHokkaido University·JournalThe EMBO Journal·DateNov 29, 2019