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Science News Archive July 2023 - Page 27


Page 27 of 36

University of Illinois study finds turning food waste into bioenergy can become a profitable industry

A new study from the University of Illinois finds that converting food waste into energy and bioproducts can be profitable in Illinois. The study analyzes supply chain logistics and technological and economic factors to determine the feasibility of this solution.

SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalJournal of Cleaner Production·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

For prematurely born infants, cow colostrum can be used to supplement mother´s own milk

New studies show cow colostrum can reduce infant formula use and strengthen mother's milk in premature babies, providing essential nutrients like amino acids. Researchers hope to optimize cow colostrum product for critical first few weeks after birth.

SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences·JournalClinical Nutrition·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJul 11, 2023

Tiny scales reveal megalodon was not as fast as believed, but it had a mega-appetite explaining its gigantism

A new study reveals that Megalodon, the iconic extinct shark, was not as fast as believed but had a mega-appetite that explained its gigantism. The discovery of tiny scales found in rock pieces surrounding fossil teeth suggests that Megalodon used its warm-bloodedness to promote visceral food processing and absorb nutrients.

SourceTaylor & Francis Group·JournalHistorical Biology·DateJul 11, 2023

AI can accurately predict potentially fatal cardiac events in firefighters

Researchers at NIST and their colleagues used machine learning to identify abnormal cardiac rhythms in firefighters, achieving 97% accuracy. The Heart Health Monitoring model could lead to a portable heart monitor to detect early warning signs of heart trouble and prevent fatal cardiac events.

SourceNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)·JournalFire Safety Journal·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

U of M Medical School receives DARPA award to develop detection tools for early symptoms of depression, psychosis and suicidality

Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School are developing tools to detect early symptoms of depression, psychosis, and suicidality using biomarkers and advanced technologies. The project aims to provide early prevention and detection, potentially saving lives by intervening earlier in a condition's trajectory.

THE LANCET HAEMATOLOGY: Experts urge governments to take immediate actions to provide basic levels of care for people with sickle cell disease, as recent study suggests global mortality burden is nearly 11 times higher than recorded

A recent study suggests that the global mortality burden of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is approximately 11 times higher than previously recorded, with an estimated 376,000 deaths in 2021. The Commission highlights the need for increased funding and access to treatments such as hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, and malaria prevention meth...

SourceThe Lancet·JournalThe Lancet Haematology·DateJul 11, 2023

Missing a rare cause of hereditary cancer

Researchers identified methylation in normal tissues in some patients with mismatch repair deficiency, leading to undiagnosed Lynch syndrome. This study suggests revising current screening guidelines to include this poorly recognized cause of hereditary cancer.

SourceCedars-Sinai Medical Center·JournalJournal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network·TypeNews article·DateJul 11, 2023

Satisfaction with online dating app depends on what you’re looking for

A new study by Stanford Medicine researchers found that many Tinder users are not swiping for dates, but rather for social connectedness, entertainment, or to cope with negative emotions. The study suggests that online dating is an ineffective coping mechanism for mental health challenges and recommends addressing underlying issues ins...

SourceStanford Medicine·JournalCyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking·DateJul 11, 2023

Amazon in the firetrap: Deforestation and warming lock rainforest in dry and damaged grassland state

A new study finds that fire can lock large parts of the Amazon in a treeless state, preventing 56-86% of the Amazon from regrowing. Global warming and deforestation damage the forest's moisture recycling process, enabling a self-reinforcing feedback loop of forest loss.

SourcePotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)·JournalNature Communications·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJul 11, 2023

The structure of a protein bound to DNA reveals how the toxicity of the cholera bacterium is activated

The study of ToxR's protein structure bound to DNA has revealed how it triggers cholera toxin production. The research provides insights into the molecular mechanism behind Vibrio cholerae's virulence, shedding light on potential treatments for this disease.

SourceInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Genome sequencing nearly twice as effective as a targeted gene-sequencing test at diagnosing genetic disorders in newborns and infants

A new national study found whole genome sequencing to be nearly twice as effective as a targeted gene sequencing test at identifying genetic disorders in newborns and infants. The targeted panel missed 40% of diagnoses that WGS captured, while also revealing 134 new genetic diagnoses.

SourceTufts University·JournalJournal of the American Medical Association·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Orexin influences pupil size

Researchers at ETH Zurich discovered that orexin neurons directly influence emotional state through pupil size. This finding opens new avenues for medical treatment and diagnosis of sleep disorders like narcolepsy and other neurological conditions.

SourceETH Zurich·JournalNature Neuroscience·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

The science behind skipping stones

The study of fluid dynamics involved in forming horizontal air cavities and the transition between floating and skipping, reveals complex interactions at the air-water interface. The pulling angle plays a significant role in shaping hydrodynamics, with larger angles resulting in different air-cavity lengths and skipping distances.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalPhysics of Fluids·DateJul 11, 2023

Lanthanide complexes with d-f transition: new emitters for single-emitting-layer WOLEDs

Researchers have discovered new lanthanide complexes that can be used as emitters in single-emitting-layer WOLEDs. These complexes eliminate energy transfer between host materials and emitters, enabling efficient white electroluminescence with controllable doping concentrations. The findings could simplify device design and fabrication...

Student loan debt may make mental health issues worse

A new study from the University of Georgia found that student loan debt is associated with high levels of depression, stress, and worrying thoughts. The research analyzed over 85,000 social media posts and found that users who expressed negative emotions about their loans were more likely to experience mental health problems.

SourceUniversity of Georgia·JournalJournal of Evidence-Based Social Work·DateJul 11, 2023

Generative AI ‘fools’ scientists with artificial data, bringing automated data analysis closer

A new AI technology has been developed to generate artificial scientific data, allowing for faster and more efficient detection of material features. The AI uses generative adversarial networks to incorporate background noise and experimental imperfections into the generated data, making it virtually indistinguishable from real data.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Grainger College of Engineering·Journalnpj Computational Materials·DateJul 11, 2023

Real-world context increases capacity for remembering colors

A study led by Dartmouth College researchers found that participants' color memory improved when stimuli were meaningful and part of real-world objects. The results demonstrate that the capacity for visual working memory of colors is more continuous and flexible than previously thought, with better recall of colors in meaningful contexts.

SourceDartmouth College·JournalPsychological Science·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 10, 2023

Primordial photoredox catalyst

Researchers found a solid deposited from ammonia and methane plasma can catalyze reactions to produce early biomolecules, such as imines, using sunlight. Nitrogen-doped graphite was used as the catalyst in these reactions.

SourceWiley·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 10, 2023

GPT detectors can be biased against non-native English writers

Researchers found that popular GPT detectors misclassify articles written by non-native English speakers as AI-generated. The study suggests using these detectors with caution and calls for enhancements to address biases. This could have significant implications for students, job applications, and search engines.

SourceCell Press·JournalPatterns·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateJul 10, 2023

Unused renewable energy an option for powering NFT trade

Cornell University researchers found that unused solar, wind, and hydroelectric power in the US could support the exponential growth of NFT transactions. The study suggests that harnessing this excess energy could reduce carbon emissions from NFT processing, which currently reach an equivalent of 0.37 megatons of CO2 per year.

SourceCornell University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 10, 2023

Activating volunteer system increases bystander CPR, AED use and improves survival

A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that alerting volunteers can increase bystander CPR and AED use, leading to improved survival rates. The volunteer system increased rates of CPR and defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, giving victims a higher chance of receiving early care.

SourceAmerican College of Cardiology·JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology·TypeObservational study·DateJul 10, 2023

Navigating the future of underwater geolocalization: how polarization patterns enable new technology

Researchers developed a novel method for underwater geolocalization using deep neural networks trained on 10 million polarization-sensitive images. The technology enables tethered-free navigation and has the potential to improve location accuracy, enabling in situ autonomous sampling robots to monitor water properties.

A multicenter survey of pediatric-neonatal transport teams in the United States to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on staffing

The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased vacancies among pediatric and neonatal transport teams, with 62.1% reporting multiple team members leaving during the crisis. Compensation emerged as a primary concern for healthcare workers, highlighting the need for resilience training to reduce stress and promote retention.

SourceLe Bonheur Children's Hospital·JournalAir Medical Journal·TypeSurvey·DateJul 10, 2023

Acute kidney injury not associated with worsening kidney function in persons with CKD

Researchers found that acute kidney injury does not predict worsening of kidney function trajectory in patients with CKD, suggesting that pre-existing kidney disease may be a major contributor. The study recommends focusing on flattening the eGFR slope and treating proteinuria to slow CKD progression.

SourceAmerican College of Physicians·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateJul 10, 2023