Engineering associations between plants and nitrogen-fixing microbes using genetic engineering could lessen dependence on synthetic fertilizer. This approach involves bi-directional signaling to release fixed nitrogen, promoting efficient communication between engineered plants and microbes.
A new study from Aarhus University found that acute kidney injury causes significant cell death in kidneys, which then spreads to healthy tissue over several days. This finding may increase the risk of patients developing chronic kidney damage and highlights the need for timely intervention measures.
Researchers found that blueberries infected with Colletotrichum fioriniae emit odors repelling spotted-wing drosophila. By recreating this aroma, farmers can trick flies into perceiving healthy fruit as infected, reducing the need for insecticides.
The Keck School of Medicine of USC has launched a five-year, $50.3 million multi-omics study to better understand the causes and prevention of various diseases, including NAFLD, in underrepresented racial and ethnic groups.
A multi-institutional team analyzed the flow of simulated regolith using an artificial gravity generator on the ISS. The study found that flow characteristics follow well-known physical laws even at low gravity, and bulk density decreases with gravity.
The MIT Press is expanding its shift+OPEN initiative with a $275,000 NSF grant to flip two high-impact subscription-based journals to diamond OA. The program aims to accelerate STEM and HSS research by providing barrier-free access to scholarly works.
A study discovered the remains of 9 different camelids in Cordoba, dating back to both the Roman and al-Andalus periods. The findings suggest that camelids were used primarily for transportation and had a significant impact on the city's fauna.
A large study of 74,471 patients found that those who quit smoking after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have comparable rates of heart attacks, strokes, and deaths to non-smokers. However, heavy smokers showed no improvement in cardiovascular outcomes.
Researchers investigated Japan's market for incorporating greener plastics to achieve carbon neutrality. They found that bioplastics have the lowest global warming potential, while recycled plastics are cheaper but with lower quality and recyclability. A robust recycling system is crucial to ensure quality assurance.
The five-year grant will utilize ecological and evolutionary principles to study non-small cell lung cancer growth and treatment resistance. Researchers aim to uncover novel therapeutic strategies that can suppress the evolution of resistance in this common type of lung cancer.
A new EWG study reveals that humans can serve as sentinels for understanding the impact of toxic PFAS on wildlife health. The study's findings show that over 625 species, including fish, birds, and mammals, are contaminated with PFAS, highlighting the need to tackle these persistent chemicals.
The study reveals that applying cleansers or moisturizers to the skin can alter its state, activating mechanoreceptors and feeding information to the central nervous system. Strong correlations were found between physical stress on the stratum corneum and subjective reports of 'tightness' in surveys of thousands of participants.
UAB researchers have designed minimal nanozymes with the capacity to capture carbon dioxide, applicable for environmental remediation and biotechnology research. These new molecules are formed by peptides of only seven amino acids and can act as metalloenzymes, opening up possibilities in extreme temperatures and pH values.
A new report highlights the significant impact of gender inequality on women's experiences with cancer, including unequal access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The Commission calls for a more inclusive and responsive health system to address these disparities.
A new refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) has been designed with nitride phases, exhibiting exceptional compressive yield strengths up to 288 MPa at temperatures between 1000 and 1800 °C. This record-breaking strength surpasses that of most known alloys, including superalloys and refractory metals.
A study surveyed over 4,500 laypeople and 700 professional fundraisers about acceptance of tainted donations. Respondents generally agreed that institutions should reject donations from criminals but accept those from morally ambiguous individuals.
Research reveals the grounding line of the Ronne Ice Shelf can shift up to 15 km with changing tides, controlling ice stability and potentially accelerating ice melt. This finding highlights the need for improved observations and modeling of tidal processes to predict Antarctica's response to climate change.
The illegal wildlife trade is a significant financial portfolio that creates state-level security and development risks. Implementing AML laws and sharing intelligence with banks can boost IWT law enforcement. Countries like Singapore, UK, and Australia are making progress in combating money laundering and IWT.
A team of researchers has created an optical fiber sensor that can detect thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, providing early warning and improving safety. The sensor measures internal temperature and pressure during the thermal runaway process, enabling battery safety assessment and warning.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have identified abnormal interactions between platelets and immune cells that promote lung fibrosis. Blocking histones using antibodies alleviated the disease, providing novel mechanistic insights into its development.
Dual optical comb technology enables high-sensitivity and rapid biomolecule detection, leveraging the connection between optical and electrical frequency signals. The approach combines the strengths of optical and electrical frequency measurement methods, offering enhanced precision and convenience in biosensing applications.
Earthworms play a significant role in global food production, contributing approximately 6.5% of grain yield and 2.3% of legumes produced worldwide annually. The research highlights the importance of soil biodiversity and its impact on crop productivity, suggesting that earthworms can increase plant growth by up to 25%.
Scientists at CU Boulder and Harvard Medical School discovered how RNA regulates PRC2 activity, enabling genes in certain regions of the genome to keep firing while others remain off. This finding sheds light on development and could pave the way for novel therapeutics for hard-to-treat cancers.
Researchers review recent progress in hybrid integration of 2D materials for integrated optics platforms, highlighting key steps and challenges. Highly nonlinear materials like graphene and TMDs show promising results with increased effective nonlinear performance.
A study of 69,000 adults with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection found no difference in sustained virologic response across alcohol use categories. This suggests that restricting access to direct-acting antiviral therapy based on alcohol use may create unnecessary barriers for patients. The findings challenge HCV elimination goals.
A study published in The Journal of Physiology found that exercise suppresses hunger by acting on hormones and metabolites. Researchers suggest that understanding these mechanisms could lead to new treatments for obesity.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro found that teff increases levels of glutathione, an antioxidant molecule, and gene expression related to glutathione pathways. The study used human leukemia monocytic cells and compared ivory and brown varieties of tef, with brown teff producing higher glutathione levels.
A new NIH grant will investigate the impact of combined alcohol and e-cigarette use on the blood brain barrier, a cell layer regulating substance passage into the central nervous system. The study aims to identify mechanisms behind damage and potential biomarkers for clinical use.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a potential treatment for Zika-associated fetal abnormalities using microRNA. They found that the antibiotic enoxacin can abolish placental Zika virus persistence and rescue associated microcephaly in mouse models.
A team of scientists has discovered a second toxin produced by the cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola, which is highly toxic and similar to substances used in cancer treatment. The findings could lead to the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
Researchers will investigate risk factors for malignant arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse, aiming to develop novel indicators and improve patient outcomes. The study will use imaging technology and combine it with other markers to predict the development of arrhythmias over a five-year period.
A Penn State-led study found that Hispanic bisexual women living in rural areas have the highest prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The researchers analyzed data from over 189,000 individuals and found a unique suicide risk profile associated with this intersectional group.
Studies show that shrinking and swelling of skin layers cause mechanoreceptors to fire off signals to the brain, leading to a feeling of skin tightness. The researchers developed a predictive model that accurately predicted human subjects' reported feelings, opening up new possibilities for improving cosmetics formulations.
A report by RMIT University found a significant gap in digital inclusion for First Nations people, with remote communities facing the largest disparities. The study highlights the need to address affordability and accessibility issues to ensure equal digital inclusion by 2026.
The study reveals that different thiol ligands create unique higher-order superlattice structures in gold-silver nanoclusters. The researchers found that the thiol ligand affects not only the outer structure but also the core packing of the nanocluster, leading to changes in optical properties.
The study found that magnetite nanoparticles enhanced the breakdown of PCB15 by 42% and 84% after 3 and 5 days, respectively. Fungal-mineral samples showed uneven distribution on hyphal surfaces, suggesting a synergistic effect.
The University of Trento coordinates a European research network, Elias, aiming to establish Europe as a leader in AI research. The project focuses on developing new computational systems and models for sustainable innovation, social cohesion, and reliable AI.
A new study reveals that consanguinity may increase the risk of common diseases such as type 2 diabetes and post-traumatic stress disorder. The research analyzed genomic data from diverse groups to investigate the relationship between autozygosity, or genetic relatedness, and disease prevalence.
Researchers aim to access ocean waters hidden beneath ice shelves, where critical information about climate change is stored. An intelligent mothership and coordinated marine robots will communicate data from under-ice cavities, optimizing sampling and configuration.
A Rice University-led team of researchers has been awarded $45 million to develop a new sense-and-respond implant technology that could improve immunotherapy outcomes for patients with difficult-to-treat cancers. The technology, called THOR, aims to provide real-time data from the tumor environment to guide more effective therapies.
Researchers found a significant association between high temperatures and increased hospital visits for alcohol-related disorders. Higher temperatures also led to more hospital visits for other substance disorders, but only up to a certain limit. The study highlights the need for public health interventions during warmer weather.
University of Liverpool researchers develop a new material that captures coronavirus particles with minimal impact on breathability, increasing efficiency by approximately 93%. The new material has the potential to be used in various applications, including face masks and air filters.
A study of 1.84 million US adults from 2008 to 2019 found registered nurses and healthcare support workers were more likely to attempt or die by suicide than non-healthcare workers. The findings highlight the need for improved mental health protections for these workers.
The new HEI-Toddlers-2020 index measures diet quality in toddlers aged 12 through 23 months, with a total score of 63.4 for young children. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) tool is designed to measure alignment with the evidence-based Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).
A study comparing radiologist and AI performance in interpreting 2,000 chest X-rays found that AI tools achieved moderate sensitivity but high false-positive rates. Radiologists outperformed AI in detecting the absence of disease, especially for complex cases.
Veterinary researchers used 3D organoids to investigate lung cancer in dogs, finding that canine primary lung cancer organoids faithfully mirrored tumor tissues. The study identified correlations between organoid cell viability and specific target molecules, paving the way for personalized treatment approaches.
A recent study found that black children with asthma are more likely to receive severe treatment, including breathing treatments, but less likely to be transported to the hospital compared to their white peers. The study highlights the need for improved care and health equity in managing pediatric chronic asthma.
GlowTrack, a non-invasive movement tracking method using fluorescent dye markers, improves the capture of diverse movements in laboratories. This technique enables easier comparison of movement data between studies, increasing scientific discovery and advancing fields like biology, robotics, and medicine.
Researchers have identified a mechanistic link between zinc levels in humans and the risk of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. Genetic analysis revealed that zinc plays a crucial role in insulin production and glucose metabolism, with circulating zinc levels associated with reduced diabetes risk.
Scientists rediscovered the Species that was first described in 1916, found only in southern Brazil, with an increased distribution to diverse terrains, including rainforests and grasslands. The species is currently Data Deficient due to habitat fragmentation and agricultural pressure.
Scientists from German Cancer Research Center successfully tested transgenic T cells against glioblastoma, a type of aggressive brain tumor. The T cells were engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells, showing a greater than 40% response rate in treated mice.
Peroxisomes, like miniature factories, specialize in detoxifying cells by dismantling excess fatty acids and toxic substances. The discovery sheds light on the recycling mechanism of biological nanomachines, AAA-ATPases, which keeps inner cell surroundings clean and functional.
The University of Minnesota Medical School has received a $16 million grant from the NIH BRAIN Initiative to create detailed maps of brain connections. This project aims to better understand how complex neural pathways generate human behaviors and develop treatments for brain disorders.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich have developed a new class of organic dyes that can facilitate faster transport of solar energy within materials. These 'turbocharger' dyes show great promise for improving the efficiency of organic solar cells and other innovative energy applications.
A new study uses leaf and wood traits to estimate each species' preferred temperature and rainfall, enabling scientists to better identify suitable habitats and develop conservation strategies. The approach also helps prioritize threatened species in need of protection.
A new blood test, IntelliSep, characterizes changes in white blood cells to rapidly evaluate sepsis risk. Using this test could result in a higher survival rate and lower cost compared to procalcitonin testing, with over 95% of patients surviving treatment costing less than $4,000 per person.
Researchers used supercomputer simulations to model possible collisions between precursor icy moons and discovered that an impact could scatter the right amount of ice into Saturn's Roche limit, forming its iconic rings. The study suggests a massive collision occurred around 200 million years ago, creating the remarkably young and almo...
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London and their colleagues have found that supernumerary robotic arms can be used as effectively as a partner, enabling tasks like opening doors while carrying packages. The study suggests these arms could aid people with various tasks, such as surgery or industrial work.
A team of scientists has developed a method to detect active Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), which are responsible for destroying unwanted proteins in cells. The new technology, called a molecular radar, reveals which CRLs are deployed to address cellular stresses and perform the actions of some anti-cancer drugs.
Finnish researchers from the University of Turku have discovered a new wasp genus, Capitojoppa, in the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve in Peru. The study, published in ZooKeys, describes the species' characteristics and its relation to other wasp genera.