Researchers found over 10,500 dead animals along 11 miles of roads in Indiana, with nearly 95% being frogs and other amphibians. The study suggests that road-related death contributes to their decline, highlighting the need for mitigation structures like underpasses and fences.
Researchers in Costa Rica have successfully restored a tropical rainforest ecosystem by planting mixed-species tree plantations on worn-out pasture land. The project, led by Carl Leopold, has shown promising results, with native species and fungi helping to control erosion and support growth.
USDA scientists have developed a method to grow high-value koa trees faster while maintaining biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and scenic beauty in native Hawaiian forests. The study's findings show that low-impact silvicultural treatments increase wood production without harming native understory vegetation or bird habitats.
Scientists found that humans first hunted the flightless sea duck more than 10,000 years ago, but it persisted until about 2,400 years ago. The prolonged survival of the bird challenges the 'Pleistocene over-kill theory', which suggests that human arrival led to rapid extinction.
A MU study found that salamanders and frogs evacuated clearcut areas more often than entered, suggesting a behavioral response to habitat changes. This response could improve the chances of amphibian survival in forestry practices.
The latest guide from USDA Forest Service highlights energy conservation as the most significant benefit of urban trees in temperate interior West. A mature hardwood tree can bring annual savings of $40 in electricity and $15 in heating costs, while reducing power plant emissions.
Protected forest strips need to be at least 400m wide to conserve bird and mammal species in the Amazon rainforest. The current width of 60m is deemed insufficient, according to a new study by University of East Anglia researchers.
A Yale study finds that predators, rather than plants, determine the type and abundance of herbivores and carnivores in an ecosystem. The research shows how spider hunting modes affect grasshopper behavior, promoting habitat diversity but also depleting nitrogen in the soil.
Researchers found that farming practices, such as liming and changes in tile drainage, are responsible for the majority of increased water and carbon dioxide in the Mississippi River. The study's findings highlight the significant impact of agricultural activities on the river's chemistry and ecosystem.
Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan have isolated a plant gene that helps plants resist environmental stresses. The study's findings could lead to the development of crops with improved tolerance to ultra-violet light and other types of radiation, ultimately benefiting agricultural productivity and ecosystem health.
A study by LSU and Yale researchers found that farming practices are responsible for the majority of increased water and carbon in the Mississippi River. The research team analyzed data on precipitation and water export to demonstrate the effects of excess water on river chemistry.
Scientists found that rising carbon dioxide levels can delay autumnal senescence, allowing forests to stay greener longer, and potentially increasing productivity. However, other factors such as ozone levels may negate these benefits.
The Gishwati Forest Reserve in Rwanda will become the country's first national conservation park, focusing on restoration of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and promoting local economic development through ecotourism. The project aims to create a model for Africa's ambitious forest restoration efforts.
Researchers at UBC have discovered genetic secrets that enable trees to fight off pests and disease, allowing for the development of breeding programs to repel insects like mountain pine beetles. The study's findings have important implications for the long-term health and sustainability of forests.
A study investigated intensive forestry's effects on water quality in eastern Texas. Fertilization resulted in small increases of nitrogen and phosphorus in watersheds, but these losses were a fraction of what was applied. Streamside buffers and natural regeneration helped minimize impacts.
The recently published book 'Conservation of Rare or Little-Known Species' by Island Press offers alternative approaches to conserving rare species. It synthesizes scientific information to apply to real-world problems, making it an excellent resource for land managers, policymakers, and scientists.
Ten Yale researchers have been named AAAS Fellows in recognition of their distinguished efforts to advance science, including Paul Anastas and Sankar Ghosh. The new fellows will be inducted at the 2008 AAAS Annual Meeting.
A four-year study will investigate restoration practices in Hawaii's most degraded ecosystems, providing concrete information to restore remaining dry forests and break invasive species/wildland fire cycles. The project aims to improve Department of Defense land management in the Pacific region.
A new analysis by Oregon State University and U.S. Geological Survey suggests that dense conifer forests may be harming dozens of animal species dependent on shrubs, herbs, and broad-leaf trees. At least 78 vertebrate species have been documented to require non-coniferous vegetation, which is often scarce in managed forests.
A new study published in Biological Conservation shows that wolves are allowing aspen trees to recover in Yellowstone National Park for the first time in over 50 years. The presence of wolves is altering elk behavior, causing them to avoid browsing in certain areas where they feel vulnerable, leading to a significant reduction in elk b...
A large international study found that nurses are more than twice as likely to develop occupational asthma and cleaners face a 71% higher risk. Workplace conditions may be responsible for up to 25% of new asthma cases in industrialized countries.
The project aims to identify protein-protein interactions associated with biomass production in poplar wood, which could make large-scale production more economically feasible. Researchers will use genomics and computational biology techniques to study the molecular biology of poplar cell wall-related biomass production.
A special issue of Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology explores the global impact of cities, showcasing their role in driving environmental changes. The study reveals that cities produce greenhouse gases with worldwide effects and stimulate resource extraction beyond city borders.
A study on bowhead whale population dynamics has helped maintain a quota for Eskimos to harvest 56 whales per year, supporting their traditional food source. The research suggests that the whale's population is increasing, allowing it to thrive under sustainable management.
Researchers are developing an interactive simulation of a wildfire spreading through Volusia County to study how residents make decisions about prescribed burns and insurance. The study aims to demonstrate that virtual reality can be an effective public policy tool in encouraging residents to invest in prevention.
A two-year RED initiative aims to reduce deforestation in tropical developing nations, saving half a billion metric tons of carbon every year. Computer models predict that preserved forests will continue to act as a carbon sink if emissions are kept under control.
The study, known as CLAMS, examines ecological, economic, and social consequences of forest policies in the Coast Range. The research found that maintaining current policies will lead to increased old-growth forests and habitat for old-forest species, but may result in declines in diverse early-successional and hardwood forests.
Researchers from Oregon State University found a high level of naturally-regenerating tree seedlings in burned forest lands. The density of surviving conifers was similar to that of traditional old-growth forests, with some plots already having larger trees considered 'free to grow' by forestry standards.
The Pichia stipitis fungus has been harnessed for improved biofuels production through the characterization of its genetic blueprint. The research identified key genes responsible for xylose fermentation and analysis of metabolic pathways. This knowledge can be applied to improve cellulosic ethanol production.
A study of 10 Northeastern urban forests found no common urban park plant complex, but shows that population levels impact native and nonnative species diversity. The research suggests that urban park managers should consider the ratio of native to nonnative species when implementing vegetation restoration projects.
Researchers in Morocco found that combining cypress with lavender or mycorrhizal fungi increases survival rates and growth of young saplings. This approach also reduces soil erosion and improves tree development.
A recent study analyzes the genome of Cytophaga hutchinsonii, a bacterium that efficiently breaks down cellulose. The research suggests a possible connection between motility and cellulose digestion, which could lead to more efficient conversion of cellulose into ethanol for bioenergy production.
Scientists assess native plant diversity to evaluate invasion vulnerability and protect native plants, innovative field methods presented in a new book by USGS ecologist Tom Stohlgren. The book provides revised sampling approaches for measuring plant diversity at multiple scales, helping natural resource managers make informed decisions
A new method of measuring forest cover considers volume, biomass, and captured carbon, showing a growing trend in most countries. Richer nations with higher GDP per capita tend to have more forested areas, biomass, and carbon.
A special issue of Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology highlights the most impactful products on the environment, with 70-80% of damage attributed to automobiles, air transport, food, and energy use. The research informs environmental improvement programs and policy decisions globally.
Stephen Kellert, Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies professor, receives North American Association for Environmental Education award for his theoretical and scientific contributions. His work focuses on the value and conservation of nature, with a particular interest in harmonizing natural and human-built environments.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed stronger and less expensive wood-plastic composites that can use inexpensive plastics found in old carpet fibers. These new products have the potential to capture 20% of the decking market by 2010, reducing waste disposal concerns.
A new University of Florida study finds that live oaks are dying off as they are crowded and overshadowed by the encroachment of taller trees, threatening their survival. The study's co-authors mapped crown densities in Alachua County, Florida, revealing that sweet gum, black cherry, and magnolia are among the culprits.
The new initiative, led by Yale University, Marsh, and Ceres, aims to educate top corporate leaders about the financial, legal, and business implications of climate change. The training program will provide insights into how companies can navigate the transformations required in their businesses due to climate change.
A new study reveals that the world's most widely used organic insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, requires the assistance of other microbes to perform its lethal work. The research demonstrates that the bacterium needs the presence of other bacteria in the insect gut to exert its influence.
Scientists sequenced the first complete tree genome, poplar, to develop sustainable plantation forestry and biofuels production. The research identified over 45,000 protein-coding genes and 93 genes associated with cellulose production.
A study by Purdue University researchers has identified unusual genetic traits in voles that challenge current scientific understanding. The vole's unique genetic makeup, including its ability to insert DNA into the nucleus, could have important implications for human genetics and gene therapy.
Sven-Eric Jordt and Michelle L. Bell received the Outstanding New Environmental Scientist (ONES) Award for their research on environmental health, focusing on asthma, allergy, and dermatitis. Their studies will investigate the relationship between environmental exposures and human disease.
The genome sequences of P. ramorum and P. sojae could lead to strategies to combat these destructive plant pathogens. Phytophthora species cause significant losses in various crops, including soybeans, oak trees, and cocoa beans, resulting in hundreds of billions of dollars in economic damage annually.
A recent study examines the effectiveness of forest certification programs in developing countries, finding that existing demand from North American and European markets has not significantly influenced forest management choices. The book argues that increased commercial support is needed for improved environmental and social practices.
New research reveals squirrel poxvirus is wiping out red squirrels in northern England at a rate 17-25 times higher than areas unaffected by the virus. Targeted grey squirrel control at narrow entry points is recommended to save the species.
Two groups of researchers from Oregon State University and the USDA Forest Service exchange perspectives on post-wildfire salvage logging, forest regeneration, and fire risk. The OSU team questioned the methodology and conclusions of a previous study, while the response emphasizes the strength of the original design and findings.
The Laccaria genome sequence will provide critical insights into the symbiotic relationship between trees and fungi, enabling faster-growing trees with enhanced biomass production. The study highlights the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in terrestrial ecosystems and their potential to mitigate climate change.
Researchers study the impact of changing river hydrology, exotic pests, land development, and sociopolitical and economic factors on tupelo honey production. Beekeepers face difficulties in producing honey, with some colonies losing up to 50% due to infestations.
Plant diseases such as Dutch elm disease and dogwood anthracnose threaten urban tree health, while environmental stresses like flooding and pollution harm their vitality. Urban forestry experts emphasize the importance of managing these issues for community well-being.
The program will focus on training field workers, park managers, and community leaders in environmental conservation and management. Yale University has received a $4.8M gift from the Lisbet Rausing Charitable Fund to develop a systematic, integrated program of training and education in tropical regions.
Researchers have identified the genes CO and FT responsible for tree flowering and reproduction, which could lead to faster breeding programs and strategies. This breakthrough may also help predict how trees will respond to climate change.
The ITTO report reveals that sustainably managed tropical forests have expanded from 2.4 million acres in 1988 to at least 87 million acres in 2005. However, the majority of forest land being managed sustainably comprises less than 5% of total surveyed areas.
Researchers deciphered the signaling pathway for a key class of steroid hormones that regulates growth and development in plants, enabling potential manipulation of plant stature. This breakthrough could lead to broader implications for urban forestry, crop development, and agricultural practices.
Scientists have discovered that ancient genes, including Constans (CO) and Flowering Locus T (FT), dictate flowering and fall bud set in trees. This finding has significant implications for understanding tree maturation and adaptation to climate change, as well as speeding up tree breeding.
A joint study largely confirms earlier predictions that global warming will lead to mass species extinctions, particularly in biodiversity hotspots. The research assesses the potential effects of climate change on terrestrial biodiversity on a global scale, revealing catastrophic species loss across the planet.
A study found rodeo athletes recover from whiplash injuries faster and report fewer symptoms compared to spectators, suggesting a different attitude toward injury. The team plans to investigate why rodeo athletes can continue working despite being trampled by bulls.
A new special issue of Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology examines the practical application and framework of eco-efficiency. Researchers used data envelopment analysis and maximum abatement cost method to quantify environmental impact, demonstrating progress in understanding the economy-environment tradeoff.
A nationwide study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found that even very low levels of ozone increase the risk of premature death. The study suggests that further reductions in ozone pollution would benefit public health, even in areas that meet current regulatory standards.
New Zealand tops the list with strong commitment to environmental protection, while the US falls short on critical issues like renewable energy and greenhouse gas emissions. The report highlights the importance of sound policymaking and good governance in achieving successful pollution control and natural resource management.