Search results for “Pathology”

Northwestern scientists shed new light on neurodegenerative diseases

Scientists at Northwestern University discovered that polyglutamine aggregates are toxic and can bring healthy proteins to aggregate with them. The growth of these aggregates can be suppressed by molecular chaperones called heat shock proteins. This finding provides a new model for understanding the common pathology of neurodegenerativ...

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 21, 2000

Mice unable to synthesize vitamin C should become valuable research tool, scientists say

Researchers have successfully created genetically engineered mice that cannot produce their own vitamin C, a nutrient essential for growth and healthy tissues. These 'humanized' mice will aid in understanding vitamin C's role in diseases such as heart disease and cancer.

SourceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 15, 2000

Flies with human gene seem to develop Parkinson's disease

Researchers have created a fly model of Parkinson's disease, replicating the dense protein inclusions and symptoms of the disease. The flies exhibit loss of dopamine-producing neurons and motor deficits, similar to those found in humans, making them an ideal model for testing new drugs and therapeutic approaches.

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalNature·DateMar 22, 2000

Jefferson scientists discover potential mechanism linking rare cancer to HIV

Researchers found that HIV inactivates a tumor suppressor gene, contributing to Burkitt's lymphoma development. The study suggests a new mechanism linking HIV and the disease.

SourceThomas Jefferson University·JournalAmerican Journal Of Pathology·DateMar 22, 2000

Researchers identify suspect organism in feline infectious anemia

Feline infectious anemia has been identified as caused by Haemobartenella felis, a previously suspected but now confirmed mycoplasma organism. The discovery of this tiny parasite provides hope for developing a diagnostic tool and potentially a vaccine to combat the disease.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalVeterinary Pathology·DateMar 2, 2000

International group of breast cancer specialists agrees on treatment options for controversial early stage cancer

The international Consensus Conference Committee outlines treatment options for DCIS to determine the appropriate treatment for each patient. The committee recommends treating women with DCIS with breast conservation through lumpectomy or lumpectomy along with radiation therapy, while mastectomy may still be an option.

SourceThomas Jefferson University·JournalCancer·DateFeb 13, 2000

Researchers discover early trigger of Alzheimer's disease

Researchers identified a molecule that triggers the formation of deadly protein snarls in Alzheimer's disease. High levels of a shortened, malfunctioning version of the protein p35 in brains lead to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, causing neurofibrillary tangles.

SourceHoward Hughes Medical Institute·JournalNature·DateDec 8, 1999

Researchers discover cause of a human immunodeficiency

A team of scientists has discovered that a lack of the B cell linker protein (BLNK) is responsible for an immunodeficiency in mice and a young man with recurring bacterial infections. The study reveals that BLNK plays a crucial role in B lymphocyte development, leading to impaired immune function.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalScience·DateDec 1, 1999

Penny wise and pound-foolish: Study shows need for second pathologist's opinion

A study of over 6,000 patients found that one in every 100 people misdiagnosed due to a single pathologist's report. This can lead to incorrect treatment, surgery, or chemotherapy, causing psychological trauma and financial burden.

SourceJohns Hopkins Medicine·JournalCancer·DateNov 30, 1999

Investigators construct detailed classification system for child homicide by a parent

UT Southwestern Medical Center investigators have developed a rare case of familial filicide in which twin sisters tried to kill their own children. A new classification system, identifying 16 subtypes of filicide, aims to aid understanding and strategies for prevention.

SourceUT Southwestern Medical Center·JournalAmerican Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology·DateNov 18, 1999

A growth factor reverses nerve damage in diabetic animals

A recent study reveals that long-term nerve damage in diabetic rats can be reversed by treatment with an insulin-like protein. The protein may prevent or alleviate certain nerve complications associated with diabetes, such as irregular blood pressure control and digestive issues. Researchers are hopeful about the potential therapeutic ...

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalAmerican Journal Of Pathology·DateOct 31, 1999

A growth factor reverses nerve damage in diabetic animals

A recent study found that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) can reverse nerve damage in diabetic rats, with 80% fewer swollen nerve endings observed. The protein may compensate for the loss of a healthy factor or be a nourishing agent itself.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalAmerican Journal Of Pathology·DateOct 31, 1999

UI researchers discover that aggressive cancer cells may make their own blood vessels

Researchers found aggressive cancer cells generate their own vascular networks, potentially changing how cancers are treated. The discovery may lead to new non-invasive imaging tests and targeted therapies.

SourceUniversity of Iowa·JournalAmerican Journal Of Pathology·DateAug 30, 1999

UT Southwestern researchers identify enzyme deficiency responsible for some sudden infant death cases

UT Southwestern researchers have identified a severe enzyme deficiency responsible for some Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) cases. The SCHAD enzyme deficiency affects an infant's ability to break down fatty acids, leading to a brain energy crisis and potentially fatal coma.

SourceUT Southwestern Medical Center·JournalPediatric and Developmental Pathology·DateAug 27, 1999

Researchers develop novel mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Researchers created genetically engineered mice with pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, providing a new model for studying the disease. The mice exhibit amyloid deposits similar to those found in human patients, and further elevation of beta-amyloid accelerates the age of onset of pathological changes.

SourceCase Western Reserve University·JournalNature Neuroscience·DateJul 20, 1999

Scientists visualize key molecular interactions that activate the immune response to foreign proteins

Researchers used imaging to 'movie' the interaction between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell, revealing specific protein rearrangements that form an immunological synapse. This structure determines whether a T cell will respond to an antigen.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalScience·DateJul 9, 1999

Evolutionary genetic tools trace cancer clone lines

A new study uses computational tools to track human cancer development, suggesting that adenoma and carcinoma lines can arise from a common precursor but develop in parallel. This challenges the conventional model of cancer progression, which assumes a linear process from normal cell to polyp to cancer.

SourceUniversity of Southern California·JournalAmerican Journal Of Pathology·DateJun 16, 1999

New Cell Isolation Method Will Aid In Studying Tumor Development

A new method, Epithelial Aggregate Separation and Isolation (EASI), enables rapid and simple isolation of purified epithelial cell populations from tumors. This advance will facilitate molecular studies on tumors and their precursor lesions.

SourceUT Southwestern Medical Center·JournalNature Medicine·DateApr 1, 1999

Microscopic Change May Double Breast Cancer Risk For Some Women

A large study has identified a microscopic change in breast tissue that may double the risk of breast cancer in some women. Radial scars were found in nearly 100 out of 1,400 women with benign breast biopsies, doubling their risk of breast cancer independently of other tissue abnormalities.

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateFeb 11, 1999

Master Switch May Help Cancer Cells Hide From Immune System

A newly discovered gene mutation has been found to shut down the MHC-I transport system in tumor cells, making them less recognizable to the immune system. This could lead to a way to increase the immune system's sensitivity to tumors, potentially improving cancer treatment options.

SourceOhio State University·JournalNature·DateJan 7, 1999

Experimental Therapy Makes HIV-Infected Cells Commit Suicide

Researchers have successfully developed a novel therapy that uses a fusion protein to selectively kill HIV-infected cells by triggering a chain of suicidal events. This approach has potential applications in treating other infectious diseases such as hepatitis C and malaria, and may also be used to target cancer cells.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNature Medicine·DateJan 4, 1999

Disease Mechanism In Hereditary Dementia Discovered: Treatment Implications Seen For Alzheimer's And Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

A study reveals that mutant tau proteins disrupt microtubule assembly, leading to neuronal death in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism (FTDP-17). This discovery suggests a primary role for tau tangles in disease progression, pointing to potential therapeutic strategies involving tau-stabilizing drugs.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalScience·DateDec 3, 1998

Vitamin E Prevents Early Plaque Formation

Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that vitamin E can prevent the early stages of plaque formation by inhibiting the attachment of white blood cells to endothelial cells. Vitamin E's antioxidant properties help reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.

SourceUT Southwestern Medical Center·JournalJournal of the American Heart Association·DateNov 24, 1998

UK Researchers Develop New Means To Assess Plaques In Blood Vessels

A UK research team has identified vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in human aortic tissue using near-infrared spectroscopy. The technology aims to predict which plaques are harmless and which pose a risk of rupture, enabling targeted treatment to prevent heart attacks and strokes.

SourceUniversity of Kentucky Medical Center·DateNov 8, 1998

Scientists Uncover Marker Of Autoimmune Disease Activity

Scientists have identified a correlation between activated CD44 and disease flare-ups in pediatric patients with lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. The study suggests that monitoring blood levels of activated CD44 may enable early prediction of exacerbations, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.

SourceUT Southwestern Medical Center·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateSep 15, 1998

Alzheimer's Study Links Cognitive Decline With Specific Brain Damage

Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have linked specific patterns of cognitive decline to specific brain abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease patients. The study found that certain brain sectors are associated with specific cognitive problems, such as memory loss and visual-spatial skills impairment.

SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalNeurology·DateAug 3, 1998

Security Code Helps Immune Cells Attack Foe And Spare Self

Researchers discovered a specific code that unlocks T cell activation, preventing immune cells from attacking the body's own cells. The code is: B1, C2, A1, A2, B2, C1.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalScience·DateJul 24, 1998

University Of Iowa Researchers Propose A Model To Explain The Spread Of An Eye Cancer

University of Iowa researchers have shed light on the mysteries of metastasis by studying uveal melanoma, a potentially blinding and fatal form of cancer. They found that abnormal proteins respond to hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, attracting blood vessels and causing cancer cells to spread.

SourceUniversity of Iowa·JournalAmerican Journal Of Pathology·DateApr 3, 1998

Transplanted Neurons Restore Function In Rats After Stroke

Researchers have successfully transplanted cryopreserved human neuronal cells into rats with stroke, restoring movement and behavioral recovery. The treatment has shown promise as an alternative to fetal tissue in treating strokes and neurodegenerative disorders.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalExperimental Neurology·DateFeb 26, 1998

Exercise May Fatally Rupture Artery Plaque Of Sedentary Men With Heart Disease And High Cholesterol

A study found that physical exertion, even mowing the lawn, can rupture blood clots in vulnerable plaque of sedentary men with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia. This increases the risk of sudden coronary death, especially for those with high total cholesterol levels.

SourceAmerican Heart Association·DateNov 10, 1997

Ultrasound Detects Pathology In Patients With Whiplash

Researchers found ultrasound can accurately diagnose disc bulges and herniations, as well as detect soft tissue abnormalities. This non-invasive technique may help document clinical problems and reduce healthcare costs compared to MRI.

SourceAtrium Health Wake Forest Baptist·DateAug 16, 1997

The American Phytopathological Society Announces 1997 Awards

The American Phytopathological Society recognizes distinguished members with the Fellows designation for their contributions to plant pathology. The Society also presents several awards, including the Excellence in Extension Award and the Ruth Allen Award, to honor outstanding research and teaching achievements in the field.

SourceAmerican Phytopathological Society·DateAug 1, 1997

Potato Famine Fungus Strikes Again Says June BioScience Journal

A recent study reveals that the potato famine fungus has resurfaced 150 years after its devastating impact on Ireland, with virulent and fungicide-resistant strains causing widespread damage. Researchers have identified several options for managing the blight, including DNA fingerprinting and simplified enzyme assays.

SourceAmerican Phytopathological Society·DateMay 21, 1997

Tick-Borne Disease Found In Deer And Bears

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) found in white-tailed deer and black bears, with 56% of Midwestern patients hospitalized due to severe symptoms. Early detection is crucial for treatment with a special antibiotic, which can cure the infection in 24-48 hours.

SourceJohns Hopkins Medicine·DateMay 6, 1997

New T-F Test Identifies Personality Disorders

A new screening procedure developed at Cornell University Medical College reliably identified persons with personality pathology using a self-administered true-false questionnaire. The test was then confirmed or discounted through a follow-up interview with a professional clinician.

SourceCornell University·DateApr 14, 1997

Disarming Alzheimer's Toxic Proteins: Discovery May Lead To New Understanding Of Brain Disorder

Researchers discovered a way to disrupt the aggregation of proteins that form poisonous plaque deposits in Alzheimer's patients. By synthesizing specific inhibitor molecules, they successfully blocked the toxicity of beta amyloid proteins, potentially leading to new treatments for the devastating disease.

SourceUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison·DateApr 14, 1997

Researchers Identify Gene Involved In Brain, Breast, And Prostate Cancer

The study identifies mutations of P-TEN in advanced brain, breast, and prostate cancers, suggesting a new potential target for cancer treatment. The discovery represents one of the first genes implicated in aggressive brain tumors.

SourceColumbia University Irving Medical Center·DateMar 28, 1997

Discovery of "KiSS" Gene May Help Stop Spread Of Melanoma

Researchers at Penn State have discovered a new gene called KiSS-1 that suppresses the metastasis of melanoma in laboratory mice. The gene, located on chromosome 1, reduces the spread of melanoma by at least 50 percent of the time and may be the most potent gene to block or suppress metastasis in human cancer.

SourcePenn State·DateDec 4, 1996

University Scientists Find Gene Controlling Melanoma Spread

Researchers at UNC-CH and Penn State University have identified a gene called KiSS-1 that controls the spread of malignant melanoma in laboratory mice. This finding may help doctors distinguish between tumors that will colonize other organs and those that will not.

SourceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill·DateDec 3, 1996

Vaccination Can Prevent Death And Disease Without Killing A Virus

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin Medical School have shown that vaccination can reduce or prevent fatal immune responses to a virus in mice, even though the virus continues to live in the animals. This finding has important implications for treating chronic and latent viral infections such as AIDS, herpes, and tuberculosis.

SourceUniversity of Wisconsin Health Science·DateNov 7, 1996