Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health identified a new virus, AgDNV, infecting Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. The virus, a densovirus, could be used to pass on genetic information to control malaria transmission.
A study of 788 US adults found that those with diabetes had higher levels of arsenic in their urine compared to those without diabetes. Inorganic arsenic from contaminated drinking water may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
According to a study published in Obesity, over 86% of Americans are expected to be overweight or obese by 2030 if current trends continue. This would result in significant healthcare costs and an increased risk of various health conditions.
A study published in Pediatrics found that a single dose of vitamin A given to newborns shortly after birth can reduce their risk of death by 15%. This low-cost intervention has the potential to save millions of lives, particularly in developing countries where childhood mortality is highest.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health researchers found significant increases in firearm homicide among young male populations between 1999 and 2005. The overall US homicide rate remained flat during this period, but firearm deaths rose sharply, with black males experiencing higher rates than whites.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health researchers found a consistent relationship between childhood blood pressure levels and adult blood pressure. Children with elevated blood pressure often grow up to become adults with elevated blood pressure.
Injury-related deaths among black males ages 15 to 24 decreased by 24% from 1999 to 2005, while injury death rates among white males increased by 7%. This reduction was attributed to a decrease in motor vehicle crashes and firearm suicides among black males.
A randomized trial found that extending antiretroviral regimens can significantly reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. Infants receiving extended prophylaxis had lower rates of HIV infection compared to those receiving standard care.
A recent study estimates that 3.2 million Burmese may be affected by Cyclone Nargis, with the Ayeyarwady region hardest hit, and major health threats including waterborne diseases and mosquito-borne illnesses.
A nationwide study found a significant association between coarse particulate matter and increased risk of cardiovascular disease hospital admissions. The research also suggested that the risk was higher in more urban counties.
A systematic review of 10 studies found a consistent relationship between obesity and an increased risk for dementia, with baseline obesity increasing the risk by 80% on average. Preventing or treating obesity at a younger age could reduce the number of dementia patients by up to 20%.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found no statistically significant increase in calls with periods of increased alert among New Jersey law enforcement officers. Researchers analyzed call data from a crisis hotline and did not detect a pattern of increased calls corresponding to an elevation in the alert level.
A global study found that 82 percent of parents who smoked reported smoking around their children, exposing them to high levels of secondhand smoke. Hair nicotine levels were detected in 78 percent of children living with a smoker and 59 percent without, highlighting the need for improved public awareness.
A study published in Obesity found that children who slept less were more likely to be overweight or obese. The researchers analyzed data from 17 studies and found that for every additional hour of sleep, the risk decreased by 9%.
Participation in physical education decreases the likelihood of being an overweight adult by 5-28%. Wheel-related extracurricular activities show the most significant impact on maintaining a healthy weight into young adulthood. Regular physical activity is crucial for reducing obesity risk, especially during adolescence.
Researchers found a 40% decrease in pilot error-related mishaps between 1983-2002, attributed to enhanced training and technology. However, the study also revealed an increase in ground-related mishaps, highlighting areas for further improvement.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals that poultry workers in the US are 32 times more likely to carry gentamicin-resistant E. coli bacteria than others outside the industry. The study highlights the importance of non-hospital environments in the origin of drug-resistant infections.
Two studies led by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health researchers suggest that HIV subtype E is more virulent than other subtypes, leading to significantly shorter survival rates in Thailand. The studies found a median survival time from infection to death of 7.8 years for Thai men, compared to 11 years globally.
A recent study published in the British Medical Journal found that adults insured through Mexico's Seguro Popular program are more likely to receive antihypertensive treatment and have their blood pressure controlled than those without health insurance. Insured individuals had a 50% higher odds of receiving antihypertensive treatment, ...
Chronic kidney disease is more common than previously thought, affecting over 13% of the US population, primarily those with diabetes and hypertension. The study highlights the importance of blood pressure control, blood sugar management, and avoiding toxic medications to slow disease progression.
The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute has made significant advancements in understanding and combating malaria, with new discoveries including a potential transmission-blocking vaccine and improved treatments. The institute's research has the potential to save millions of lives worldwide.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that over half of households in displaced areas experienced human rights violations, leading to high mortality rates, infectious morbidity, and malnutrition. The survey revealed a five-fold increase in death risk among children under five years old in households with multiple human rights abuses.
A study of children aged 2.5-5.5 years found that daily TV viewing for two or more hours was associated with behavioral problems and poor social skills. However, reducing early exposure did not increase the risk of behavior problems, suggesting timing of media exposure is vital.
The US continues to have the highest level of health spending among OECD countries, driven by higher prices and per capita incomes. The country has fewer healthcare resources and lower utilization rates compared to other developed nations.
Researchers have discovered that a sugar in mosquitoes allows the malaria-causing parasite to attach itself to the gut, enabling its development and transmission. Reducing this sugar can prevent parasites from developing, offering a promising approach to blocking malaria spread.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that Practice-based intervention improved parents' reports of behavioral issues in children, parental discipline, and reading habits. The Healthy Steps program also increased family satisfaction with healthcare services.
A recent study found that cocaine use in the US has decreased primarily among those with higher education levels, while non-high school graduates have shown little change. This disparity is attributed to better access to health information and resources among more educated individuals.
Exposure to PFOS and PFOA in utero is statistically associated with lower head circumference and body weight at birth, according to a Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health analysis of nearly 300 umbilical cord blood samples. The study found no associations between these compounds and length or gestational age.
A randomized controlled trial found that parents who received customized safety reports scored higher on child safety knowledge and reported better safety practices than those who received generic health reports. The study suggests that computer technology can be an effective tool in promoting child safety.
Researchers found group interpersonal psychotherapy effective in reducing depressive symptoms among adolescent girls affected by war and displacement. In contrast, the same treatment was less effective for boys. The study suggests that additional interventions may be needed to address depression and anxiety in boys.
New research from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health finds that only half of HIV-infected children maintained protective antibody levels 27 months after receiving measles vaccine. Repeat vaccinations are crucial to prevent measles outbreaks in regions with high HIV prevalence.
The study found that 75 percent of US adults will be overweight by 2015, with minority groups and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds facing the greatest disparities. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions to address the growing obesity crisis in the United States.
Researchers found that water quality is highest when beaches are busiest with swimmers, stirring up pathogens in the sediment. The studies recommend testing water for microorganisms like C. parvum and G. lamblia during peak usage hours to ensure safe recreational use.
A targeted approach to HIV testing and counseling is more effective in identifying people with HIV and preventing new infections. The study estimates that for the same cost, a targeted program could diagnose over three times as many people with HIV and prevent four times as many new infections compared to the CDC's mass testing plan.
The global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is estimated to grow from 26 million in 2006 to over 106 million by 2050. A significant increase in Asia is predicted, with the region accounting for 59% of worldwide cases.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that workers with a high body mass index (BMI) are at increased risk of workplace injury. The research suggests that obesity prevention policies and programs in the workplace can also lead to improved injury rates and reduced lost work time.
Researchers detected PFOA and PFOS in nearly all newborn umbilical cord blood samples, with concentrations lower than those found in adults. The study suggests a strong association between the two compounds, despite their different industrial sources.
Research reveals lead exposure reduces new neuron birth and survival, and alters their development in the hippocampus, a crucial region for learning and memory. This impairment affects the formation of new connections between neurons, leading to decreased communication and learning abilities.
A nationwide survey of pediatricians found that nearly two-thirds use patient family members to relay health information, while only 40% use professional interpreters. Pediatricians in rural areas or states with higher non-English proficient populations are less likely to use translation services.
The study found that socio-economic status affects food choice, with lower-income individuals more likely to prioritize affordable options. It also revealed gender differences in dietary habits, with women being more concerned about meeting health guidelines.
A clinical trial found that daily zinc supplements reduced the risk of death among children aged 12-48 months by 18%. However, no significant reduction was observed in mortality among children under 1 year old. The study suggests benefits for zinc supplementation beyond just reducing pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria cases.
In Maryland, the absence of health insurance coverage costs $1.47 billion in annual expenditures, with individuals without insurance contributing $2,371 each year. State and federal funds, as well as private payers and physicians, absorb much of this burden.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals that 18% of American men experience erectile dysfunction, with age being a major risk factor. Lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and disease prevention measures may also improve male sexual function.
A historical analysis by Johns Hopkins researchers found that increased investment in HIV prevention programs led to a significant decline in new infections. The study suggests that increasing national investment in effective prevention services could further lower infections and save lives and dollars.
A Johns Hopkins study finds that individuals entering drug treatment programs are more likely to be female, unemployed, and HIV-positive, with a history of mental illness. This highlights the need for strong linkages between needle exchange programs and treatment services to address co-occurring health problems.
Global health experts highlight the need for more international assistance to address chronic non-communicable conditions in low and middle income countries. Chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease and cancer cause more deaths than infectious diseases, yet receive less funding.
Consumption of fortified milk significantly reduces diarrhea and acute lower respiratory illness among preschool children in developing countries. The study found that fortified milk reduced the number of days with severe illness by 15 percent and incidence of pneumonia by 26 percent.
Researchers developed a safer method for large-scale malaria screening using PCR tests in urine and saliva, instead of blood. This approach reduces the risk of spreading HIV and other diseases, while maintaining high sensitivity for clinically significant infections.
A study reviewing 45 national pandemic influenza plans found that countries have not consistently prioritized who should receive vaccines, antivirals, ventilators, face masks, and other critical resources. Healthcare workers are often prioritized, but with varying criteria among countries.
Researchers have developed a new, simple, and rapid tuberculosis (TB) test called microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS). The test takes an average of seven days to complete and is more sensitive, faster, and cheaper than current culture-based tests.