Researchers studied COPD patients with moderate oxygen deficiency and found no significant difference in time to death, hospitalizations, or quality of life between those who received supplemental oxygen and those who didn't. The study suggests that long-term oxygen therapy may not be necessary for all COPD patients.
Researchers identified 13 gene groups common to all three mental disorders, including those involved in protein production, immune response and brain cell communication. The study suggests that targeting these shared pathways could lead to new treatment strategies.
A study comparing two hospitalist groups found no significant differences in key clinical outcomes, including patient mortality and hospital readmissions. The results suggest that hospitals can safely reduce costs by using well-trained physician assistants (PAs) in a formal PA-physician collaboration arrangement.
A novel nanofiber coating with antibiotic-releasing properties has shown promise in preventing serious bacterial infections related to total joint replacement surgery. The coating was found to completely eradicate infection and prevent bone loss, a common complication that leads to prosthetic loosening and failure.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a modified cancer drug that enhances its ability to reach the brain, improving delivery and reducing toxicity. The new compound shows promise in treating brain tumors by targeting tumor metabolism and evading immune cells.
A Johns Hopkins pilot program proves safe and effective in reducing sedation and boosting early mobility for children in intensive care units. The PICU Up! Early Rehabilitation and Progressive Mobility Program includes activities such as sitting, standing, and walking, resulting in increased rates of physical therapy consultations and ...
The AABB has issued updated guidelines for red blood cell storage time and transfusion use, citing analysis of over 5,000 patients across 13 randomized clinical trials. The new recommendations suggest that stored blood is as safe as fresh blood for stable hospitalized patients.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine identified a protein that enables toxic alpha-synuclein aggregates to spread in the brain. A treatment strategy blocking this protein's action may slow Parkinson's disease progression, as antibodies already in clinical trials for cancer therapy show protective effects.
Scientists identified noncoding mutations that disrupt cooperative function of 'gene families' in Hirschsprung's disease, a rare genetic disorder. The study suggests that dysfunctional gene networks may influence other complex diseases, such as cancer and diabetes.
Researchers found that male rats with normal testosterone levels had stronger ACLs than those without it. The study suggests a link between testosterone and ACL injuries, which could lead to new techniques for identifying athletes at high risk of injury.
A study of over 2,700 participants found that taking calcium supplements may increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis and heart disease. Meanwhile, a diet high in calcium-rich foods appears to be protective.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered a region in the mosquito brain mixing tastes and smells to create unique flavors. The finding advances the possibility of identifying a repellent odorant that makes human flavor unappealing to mosquitoes, reducing malaria transmission.
A new study suggests that combining an experimental PARP inhibitor with an epigenetic drug can strengthen treatment effectiveness against breast cancer cells without BRCA mutations, as well as leukemia cells. The combination therapy resulted in a strong antitumor response and halted tumor growth.
Researchers developed a free web-based app to estimate OncotypeDX test results for early-stage breast cancer patients. The app achieved high accuracy in predicting recurrence risk, suggesting it could reduce the need for costly molecular tests.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a protein called macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as the final execution step in parthanatos, a form of programmed brain cell death. MIF's ability has been linked to stroke but also may be involved in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers found strong biological evidence linking Zika virus infection to Guillain-Barré syndrome in a substantial number of patients. The study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, supports the correlation with immunologic and viral evidence of Zika infection.
A new study found that most ARDS survivors experience physical decline in the five years after hospital discharge. Older age and pre-existing illnesses are key risk factors for this decline. The study's findings highlight the need for targeted post-hospital therapy to support these high-risk patients.
Researchers developed a checklist to measure respect and dignity in ICUs, identifying differences between ICU types with distinct patient populations. The study found significant correlations between clinician behavior and patient outcomes, highlighting the importance of respectful care.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have developed a new compound by attaching glucose to triptolide, making it more effective against cancer cells. The compound, glutriptolide 2, shows promise as a potential anticancer treatment with fewer side effects.
Researchers found that a repurposed drug, pirfenidone, increased lung lesions and prevented antibiotics from targeting TB bacteria. The study suggests caution when using host-directed therapies for TB, emphasizing the need for careful vetting of new treatments.
Researchers analyzed 4,500 US hospitals' data and found that facilities with high readmission rates had better mortality scores in specific conditions like heart failure, COPD, and stroke. This challenges the commonly used measure of hospital quality by CMS.
Researchers analyzed medical records from over 11,000 Americans and found a statistically significant increase in heart damage risk among those with very low diastolic blood pressure. Driving diastolic blood pressure too low may cause damage to heart tissue.
A $15.4 million initiative co-led by Johns Hopkins and Salk aims to improve the quality of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology for studying mental health disorders. The project will use iPSCs from over 50 patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder to develop new diagnostic and drug discovery tools.
Scientists screened 6,000 existing compounds for their effectiveness against Zika virus infections and identified two classes of promising drugs: neuroprotective and antiviral agents. Three drugs showed robust results, but further studies are needed to confirm their efficacy in humans.
Researchers found that rats replay sequences in reverse when rewarded, suggesting the brain links rewards to paths. This mechanism may aid humans in recalling important details about their surroundings.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered a drug combination that specifically targets the metabolic pathways of pancreatic cancer cells. By combining an experimental drug with metformin, researchers were able to shrink tumors by at least 50% in animal models, providing new evidence for treating this aggressive form of cancer.
A Johns Hopkins study of over 13,000 participants found that severe obesity is a standalone high-risk factor for heart failure, but not other types of heart disease. Morbidly obese individuals were nearly fourfold more likely to develop heart failure even after controlling for risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
The discovery of 25 little bones in India suggests that primates native to the region played a crucial role in the early evolution of primates. The bones, dated to around 54.5 million years ago, show primitive features that do not clearly belong to either clade and may represent an early stage of primate evolution.
A DASH diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy significantly lowers uric acid levels, a causative agent of gout, nearly matching the impact of gout medicines. The study suggests a safe and sustainable dietary approach to lower uric acid and prevent gout flare-ups.
A meta-analysis of 4,113 ICU patients found nearly one-third exhibit clinically important and persistent depressive symptoms. Persistent symptoms can last a year or more, affecting recovery and daily life.
Researchers identified a new gene, NAF1, associated with pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema in people with abnormally short telomeres. The mutation affects telomerase RNA stability, leading to decreased telomerase levels and increased risk of lung disease.
A new study published in Nature Medicine found that over 90% of latent HIV 'provirus' genomes are genetic duds, unable to replicate and cause disease. This challenges the current methods for measuring the size of the reservoir, highlighting a need for more accurate counting methods.
A study led by Johns Hopkins pathologists found routine hormone receptor testing for noninvasive breast cancer through needle biopsies is unnecessary and wasteful, costing millions annually. This practice could save up to $35 million yearly.
A new study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that one-on-one coaching sessions with trained pharmacists and dietitians significantly reduced blood pressure among participants, especially those who were African American. The program's motivational interviewing approach helped patients set achievable goals and address medication concerns.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have developed a system using transformed human stem cells to speed up screening of existing drugs for rare brain and other cancers. This method enables more confident comparison with human cells, leading to promising treatments like CDK inhibitors for Group 3 medulloblastoma.
A study published in PNAS reveals that cysteine deficiency contributes to oxidative stress and nerve cell damage in Huntington's disease. Cysteine levels affect the activity of ATF4, a protein involved in antioxidant defenses.
A recent study by researchers at Johns Hopkins finds that people with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancers still get sunburned, likely due to ineffective use of sun-protective methods. The study urges healthcare providers to better educate patients on protective skin care practices.
Research found that patients hospitalized for mania were more likely to be on antibiotics to treat active infections than healthy controls. This link between infection, antibiotics, and manic episodes adds evidence to the gut-brain axis theory, suggesting that a person's microbiome plays a role in psychiatric symptoms.
A look-back study suggests that a major operation to fuse the spines of children with rare, early-onset scoliosis can be eliminated in many cases. In the study, 26 out of 30 patients who opted out of the final fusion procedure had their spines stay straight over three to seven years of follow-up.
A genetic test detecting tumor DNA in blood accurately predicts colon cancer recurrence in some patients. The test could help clinicians decide which patients need additional treatment after surgery, improving diagnostic approaches and potentially increasing survival rates.
A genetic test that spots cancer-related DNA in blood can accurately predict colon cancer recurrence, according to a study of Australian patients. The 'liquid biopsy' detected DNA fragments in the blood of 20 patients with early-stage colon cancer, 11 of whom developed recurrences.
Researchers developed a mouse model that mimics human Alzheimer's disease, showing that beta-amyloid accumulation is insufficient to trigger tau clumping alone. The study suggests combination therapy targeting both processes may be effective in preventing the disease.
Studies in mice reveal that uneven mTORC1 activity reprograms daughter T cells, producing active killer cells and memory T cells. This asymmetric partitioning may have implications for understanding stem cell differentiation and development across biological systems.
A recent study has identified over 200 proteins involved in cell movement and immune system function that are implicated in ovarian cancer progression. By analyzing the proteomes of 169 ovarian cancer patients, researchers have gained new insights into the biology of the disease and potential targets for treatment.
Researchers found that combining procedural checklists with error-tracking systems enhances resident performance. Evaluating residents on cadavers helps them identify areas for improvement, while an objective evaluation system provides unambiguous feedback.
Johns Hopkins researchers discovered a root cause of lung damage in up to 10% of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, a disorder that damages the intestine. A potential treatment, a sugar-like compound similar to breast milk, was successfully tested in mice and may one day be offered to human infants.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins found an association between microbiome makeup and head and neck cancer. The study suggests that specific bacterial populations may be used to discriminate between patients with cancer and healthy individuals.
Researchers have identified 84 potential inherited gene mutations that may contribute to severe forms of bipolar disorder. The study used advanced genome sequencing techniques to analyze DNA from 36 family members with the disease, finding rare genetic variations that were overrepresented in those with bipolar disorder.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have found that emetine, an old drug once used to treat amebiasis, can also halt the replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a herpesvirus causing serious disease in immunocompromised individuals. Lower concentrations and less frequent doses of emetine may be effective for CMV inhibition.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered that blocking the enzyme c-Abl prevents Parkinson's disease symptoms in specially bred mice. The study also found that a chemical tag on the protein α-synuclein may signal the disorder's presence and progression. The findings suggest both a promising target for drug research and a potent...